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Show THE MODERN AUTOMOBILE j Hy (iforpe Hrrgstrom, Instructor Auto-Meoh.-inirs, Ogdpil llt?li School, written especially for Tho 8undardxamier. I RON1 kXLBS. Until recent yejars not much atten- tlon has icui paid this vrry Import ri nt unit of autdmobue construction Manufacturets have scented to think the motor and allied parts Were n- tilled t the irrflate1 consideration and if that operated property the rest would aisr be satiffaetory. Noi al ways was lids true for in casC 01 B bent or brotten axle, either front or SB -T . 1 1 car. the motor wn almost usrlcsx. In iic-int ysars murli thought iiinl attention atten-tion have lv,, (riven t.. tin from a. Kit until imn it la considered on n par tho other unit I l 18S11 i I 1 1 Prom axles on modern oars can bo divided in the foii-iw in,: cl&sJ ' type: BlllOtt, r i t Sd Klllott. l.e-niolne. l.e-niolne. Front drive and the fifth wheel. Boms manufacturers iue n- nlwrt .TOine of lhr. Info mativ f 11 1 - dtvisiDns ftometi&ee ming tiieir own 1 names, hut nil front axlea will come .iinUr these dlffersni typ'ss, Tile !: 1 I o 1 1 t pc Of front axles Is rv populHt. n the bed or axlt centors, thr ((IxotjH turn, bald In plaos iv the i'to' pina. Tii' end or ih-J.ixle ih-J.ixle la l -nhaped m form, is also sot horizont. i atfd noer over the knUcklet 1'he latter Is very ploln and has a hole through it in which is fitted a IbUShintT. This is ro.in.c l 0U( to fit Ih" krunkl.' pin. wblch in turn holds the Kninklo in ilnee and pas '-through '-through in. r-nds of the I' on the axle iwhlfh also has bushings In to make San steering The tlirust and thf load or tho cflr coniea in for a good deal of consideration, and In the case ( the Klliolt typo the thrust and load Cdmct at the top oi the ;.yli Jn v'. uu. I N up- I ported bj the top jf the knuckles, HI I RSI D 1 l N In the reversed Blliott this in not true InaSmuoh as th action Us Just reVersod. The erul of tho axl- Is mad.' Plain, almost cylindrical, and th' knuckles are mada with jaw end-, less fit over and are fastened to tin-I tin-I axle by knuckle pins. In this way tlio thnfst is at the hottom or the axis , has the load, hut, he support of It Is on the bottom of h Knucklee. Thre Is a real advantage ip this type fts all the difficult Machine wiok iv fonfmed to one v'ece. tho knuckle. while in the previous types both the axle and knuckhs IbiVO difficult ma rhi work, which Increases the cost lopnaidsrably rr few machine shopi ' have the soulpmsnt for handling these axles ns It takea special and hirg. sis milling maohlnes that can bo ueod for' no other puriose. The i.ertiolnc type seems to have n rather radical construction iut it is! I built purposely to reduce the first co-t gnd also ghc a vry good service. I' 1 Is easy to ma hln and handle. Its 'ne great disadvantage Is thai th-knuckle th-knuckle performs a double duly 1 (differs from the nxies described be-'"iiso be-'"iiso tbe a tIo proper r.i- upon the top and hot;oin pf th knuckle It is made without a Jaw and Is vt popular with forebgn naajiufacturers The knuckles arc placed In (he end 01 the stub of the axles and most of tho thrust cornea on the bottom. MAT1 HI t.s i -1 i Thoso types may be made of th' castings of steel, manganese, bronze i iron or other metals used in the form of drop forging. They may either be rolled or pressed antj generally .hi.' rd -beam. Axles made of cast Irot. arc now obsoloto though they have ' neon tried by MVsral different manu- ! fscturcrs. They were never popular. I Torglngs arc much used and very expensive, ex-pensive, although If made for light cans they can be mxde up qulcklv and more cheaply. Drop forglngs are used now more than any other type and after the dies I have once in f n made, they can be 1 swuniicu aru eneapiy. I nc l-'...ii l-'...ii 'Iiap. Is now used almost unl- '.-!:, though tha tubular typ ui 1 to enjo) a ui .ioni ,.,f popularity, Pressed or rolled steel was not sue-esssfu'l sue-esssfu'l sn4 is np s :po obsoli ti To be continued), |