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Show I MA JOR CLARK ATTACKS TREATY - CO VEN ANT I I Gives Reasons Why It I Should Be Discarded Takes Up Pact Section by Section and Shows Wherein It Is Found to Be Fatally Defective. - ' I Following the full text of the addreaa ol Major J. Reuben lark en the leagur of nations covenant at the Weber Normal I "l Irpo Auditorium last night : HHj A great deal has bean said and is HHJ being said regarding the effectiveness HHJ of the league of nation! In ushering ill and tnulnlaing that reign of law HH 4nd order and rlghteousnea which In HjHfl religious prlnrf we speak of an the HHJ mlllenlum. Of rouw, if thin were the HHJ instrumrntalitv by which any such HHJ condition could be brought about, WC H would be recreant to our traditions HHJ and to the cvrrlastlng principles upon H which our government Is founded, if HHJ we did not Join in such a movement. H A year ago one was forced, in com- HHJ meeting upon th provisions of the H covenant and their possible effect HHJ upon the world's condition as 'an HHJ 'stnblisher 1 it mlllenlum. mere.) H HHJ tlon and foretelling were based upon HHJ principles as firm and solid as the HHJ rorks themselves namely unchanging HHJ human nature, human experience and HHJ he reaction of the human to hla en- HHfl lronment. nevertheless wis H prognosis, a tlon. H L'nder these dr. 'imst.mr. H course open lo an man I T .-nv prognostication, and to put forth HHfl one of his own. The only wa any HHV of us of the great public washable HHfl to make up hie mind at all about It, HHfl was through the faith Wl had In H speaker And. of course. If our faith veer misplaced, our conclusion HjHH But, today we are more fortunate HHfl i.ecause now we know not onlv what HHfl the league actually does In action. iui H also what 11 does not do. The oun- HHI of the Bague thai bod) H Mr Wilson ivowed was the hod power HHfl organization for more than I montne. H . and from Its operations and failure HHHJ of oprratlon .luring that UmeT and M from Hit ' HHHJ In control of it w may perceive With fl mu h olamrnens the limitations under H i ' H which Its will always H oumacribed. I p DM I - IN 1.1 Mil I HHI As outlined iii (he treaty of peace. HHHJ including the five scif-gov- gHHJ erning colonies of Greet Britain, were HHHJ i, in members tht league f these HjHH thirty, two were to be original mem- H betS and thirteen were to be Invited HjHjHJ members. On January 19. last, lm- HHHJ medlatelv after the signing of the first gHHVl preae-t - verbal which put the treaty of HHfll Versailles into fore and operation, HHHJI I'lemencrau, the prime mlnl-tcr of I France, invited these 13 powers to hCtOllll MM llH" t 1 IP Sep.. 11.1- HHHJ ihe department of slate of the I'nited HjHHJ Siates. Issued to the press a statement HHH ihowtng that 30 of the total of 45 state-. H including all of the Invited state.-, had HH of the league 'Ihe H tlx stale omltU'l were ihe United HHHI Stales, Ecuador. Nodja.. Honduras. HjHHJ Nicaragua HHH The total number of people to be HHH i. presented ti this leagu undei gHHHJ original scheme was In round nunv HHI 1,17.000.000. Of th 617,000,000 Hl world! people not ln luded within HjHjHI ii,,. original league proje. HHjW belonged lo lluvli. lurse). HHMi rmaiiv Austria. Hungary, Bulgaria and Mexico, the real being savase and H .seml-clvilUed tribes. As a matter of H fad there are now repft-Krntod In the H j league approximately i.o5ti.000.00u. H j unrepresented m the league H ' m round nnmbsre l u.ooo.uoo or those I1 H who were originally scheduled to Ion? t, the Isagnie. Thus, as to the H people whom it was originally planned should belong lo the league, there are! H more than ten people In the league . for each person out. Taking the H elvfllisd population of the world to-l B (SthSI mi lading those not Invited B to Join the league , there the! league now two und om -halt parsonil B. for everyone that Is out of the league. H I'nder these circumstances the league! H OUgftl 10 be more than a mere H bora Infant indeed we should rxpscl It to be a well matured youth H displaying those fuodametnal charao- H terisilcs which are to be operative H It as a man. Looking to the whole, H picture 1 am Inclined to believe thatj H Mich is the exact fact and that from . H the league has done dunnc the H i p months of Its existence and what H it is doing no. we may reasonably! ton. aft what ni:, be exv.erlcd from H In the PI urs Ol Id 1G1 I- Cefore taking UD th work 1 o the league council. I think It would 1 n well to consider the prime purpose H ft,. Which hf league wa that has bern disclosed by Mr Wilson H nho Is chen credit or bltme both H Amen. for ha ink" for. e. the leagur plan upon the peace con- ) MB. WILSON'S VIEWS. H Speaking before an audience H Article X.: 1 , p, 7) would consider my SSI l H recreant to BtStbar and father. H 'ery wife and sweetheart In this coun- H If I consented to the ending of H this war without a guaranty th . H would be no H At. St. he I p. 114 This was a war make H -imllar waro inpossible " Later at Bismarck, he said K , p ;3 "Any way you take this ...jestton vou are led straight arouml H to this altsrnstlve, either this H with this co enant or a disturbed world ll, certain wsr. There Is no escape H from H In Coeur d Alene, right near our H doors, he H p n - It is a league to bring H It about thst there .hall not be war. H but that there shall be substituted H for it arbitration and the calm settle- H meat discussion 1 In Portland. spaklng the last H he H (p ) "H was a war to put H end to wars of aggression And in Denver, he said: H ip J3 What we gain In thU H treaO' K first of all the substitution t,t arbitration ami discussion for war H. If you get nothing lSS It H worth V ihe whole game H It is true that on more than H ..cession he shaded off a bit from th' H lubslanec of these statements Kor ex H ampls lo bis speech at Indianapolis he H (p )) Nobody In his i . Iims for the .ovensnt of the ieKj. W of nations thai It Is certain tn oi H war bt I onfirtentK assert that H makes war lolently Improbable 1 in Oakland. California, hi I p .oi. Men aava asked me uo you think that the league Of nation ' is an absolute guaranty against war?" of course. It Is not; no human ar-t rangement can give you an absolute guaranty against human passion ' To the same import was his statement state-ment at Columbus: (p. 3 "AM I came through that line of youngsters In Khaki a few nun-1 nun-1 utes ago I felt that I could salute them h. . a ii:-.. I had done th- Job m th. , I promised them T would do it. and when this treaty is accepted, men in khaki will not have to cross the seas again." Thus, the grat purpose of the .league, as Mr Wilson has utated it in his talks, Is the elimination of all war, to this end Its functions are to be I directed, this the enfl aimed nt, and while he was not prepared flatlv to say that It would guarantee no further wars, fxcept seemingly wars of ag-gre.slon. ag-gre.slon. It would make all wan "Violently improbable." BUt, that In spite of this hope and I belief, the league has had no measurv-Lbll measurv-Lbll effect whatever in either pre-I pre-I ntlng or ending war and that as a matter of fact 'as I shall later show! It has not attempted to have any such I effect on v. ar. the course of action of, th- league to this time abundantly cntahllshe.-. Ml IXSOl EX1 K IN- COV1 N W I I But. assuming that the purpose of the league was to help wwr. I is of In-i In-i r. st to observe how this end would l.r accomplished And we ought to ! know what were to be the means of 'bringing it about: what were the force to be used to oncompasi i' . raise these questions, not because I .think a practical man vslth any knowledge knowl-edge and experience In world affairs Would heyltate as lo the answer or he 'In doubt about It. but because as we shall shortly see certain fanciful SUg-1 SUg-1 gesllons have been made to this end ! and some people hoping always for the best .have accepted them Of course, answering for imelf and from my own limited inrortnatlon and I experience, I would have no hesitation 'in saying that the means of enforcing Ithe covenant would In final analyst! .be the bloo.r and Iron of the principal princi-pal allied and lated power;. numel, the Cnltcd States. France. Qreat Britain, Italy and Japan, for af-t af-t r all when human passions are aroused, and Mr Wilson admllted that no guarante. could be given that the! would not be aroused, nothing but a. iu.,1 physical force can subdue them. Ifo that, speaking for myself, 1 would I have assume-d that the means to be Uaed to bring about this gr.-,t end were means of mllluirv force This, however, appears not to have bei n that which In the mind of Mr Wilson I will say here, one for all. that 1 quol from Mr Wilson, first because he is the chief proponent ol i the league. n vt because he has made i the . j" rl.-.- of speeches m behalf lof t'n ; league, that .ire worthy of Itierlog constderalon . and lastly be-nnu be-nnu h i, tiie fountain head of all 'lo-l.-igue talk, a shrine where all .1 hT leaguers bow worship. For these reasons, I confine myself lo his utter-inccs utter-inccs so far as American expression is concerned. In p resenting the league plan to the ;.eii e conference at Versailles. Mr Wilson, (.peaking upon trie functions or ihe executive council and of the as- m!;. and of the reference to either ol such bodies of any dispute between nations, said: Through this Instrumentality we are depending prlmanK and chiefly upon mi. irr.-.it force, and this is the ii. ra. tone ,.f the pubtn opinion of Ihe world the ple.islng and clarlf -Ing and compelling tnfluencc of publr cit so that Intrigues, can no longer have their COerta, so the destgns that are Millet, r ' It an Ire dr.iwn Into the open, so that those things that are destroyed by the light ma be promptn destroyed by the over whelm i in' llghi ol ilv nnlers.il i xpresslon bt the condemnation of the world. " lie added. hower. ma We not think with a sl wink and ai a note ol reassurance to the hard headed statesmen states-men of Kurope who might not be over sanguine about the efftccay of the forces he had Just described:, "Armed force Is in the background in i hi program, but It Is In the back ground, and If the moral force of the world will not suffice, the physlca force of the world sbalt But this U th lust resort, because ihls Is Intended Intend-ed as a constitution of peace, not a: a league of war." When he wus touring the country In th-- interest of the league, ufter he final return to the United States, h aske,i at Minneapolis, in the course o a plea thit we go forward under th treaty. What are we debating In the t'nit .,, States! Whether we will take par In guiding wnd steadying tn world o not. And ome men hesitate." c ontinuing he pointed out that t us would come the "leadership" am "guidance" of the world and added I 'America and hsr determinatioi I now constitute the balance of th moral force in the world, and if w uo not use thai moral force, we'wll be of all people the moat derelut In a speech at Pueblo he asserted There is onl one power to put bc hlnd the liberation of mankind an I thai is the power Of mankind. It t the power of the united moral force Of the world and In the covenant u the league of nations the moral (orv Of the world are mobilised " In Krno he said: "This treat nets up. puts In opera tlon. so to say. puts into conomlssto ihe moral forces of the world While In Cheenne. he said. The maintenance of the pea o the world and the execution of th tmslg depend upon the whole-hearte i iftl ipatlon of the people of th I Catted Slates. I am not stating it -a ' matter of power I tm not statin 1 1 1 uh the thought thai the I nr. State has greater material wealth an ' greater physical power rnan any oth nation The point that I want ou ' get I a er profound bolnt the poll ! is that ihe I'nited State is the onl nation In ths world that nn SUfflCiOl moral force snth the rest of b world." Again in Denver he Mid "tt would be uitder our own dire ) tlon Jus: a mu. h unde' the toirnai of llkf 'eagvi of nations s w hi jnnw Of course, I do not mean la v flthst we do noi o la) s.. , pool ot morat issues W e do thai in aeSSSSSI wiW-pj3gwawaBpgSWasss,wW"e ir.g In the covenant of the league we do adopt r.nd w -hould adopt .r-m. fundamental moral principles of right and JJustlce. which I dare aay, (- necol not promise to live up to but w ar-certainly ar-certainly proud to promi- t( Ine up to." On the other hand, and BOtwUtl standing th expressions, he rcpeat-r rcpeat-r ,1 1 - gnve exprenlon to ideas of a contrary con-trary character. In St. Louis, he said: "The treaty of peace is based upon the protection of the weak against the, strong and there Is onl one force that, can protect the weak again! ih. strong and that is a universal concert and the strength of mankind. That Is the league of nations." Speaking in San Francisco he mid get. my fellow citizen, mat hehind Cu moral Judgment of the I'nited States resides the overwhelming force of thai I'nited Stales. W'e were respected In1 those revolutionary days when there I were three millions of us, we are. It appears. very much more respecter: now that there are more than one hundred hun-dred million of us " So probably it all comes DSCb to the proposition at Paris, the moral force ls( merely the preliminary skirmish lln thrown out to hold the enemy, while the real battle line of the actual physical physi-cal force la being .drawn uo In battle rra . BALFOUR'S n WS ON PI RPOSI With these observations of Mr. Wilson Wil-son before us. particular! those dealing deal-ing with the suggestions that the league was to prevent war, we may give attention to a statement as to the league functions made OY the British Htatesman, Mr. Ualfour. He was giving an account of the league's achlee-rr.cnls achlee-rr.cnls to which we shall later refer in detail and was rcpl.vlng to a criticism criti-cism that the league, nad not been effective under the present terrible conditions of World turmoil, to which also WC shall later refer. He said: "If anbod Will read In a candid spirit through the pact thev will see that what was present In the mind.- ot the framers of that pact was a Condi tlon of things Utberl) different from that which at this time prevails. The pact contemplated Kurope rearranged Hi accordance with and as nenr Js possible pos-sible to legitimate Interests. Those who framed the league ,,f nation- i;e. r contemplated ll: ii l lo were to rearrange Europe- They con-' template,! that when Kurope was rearranged, re-arranged, ihe league should step in and see that It was maintained on principles of peace and euulty. That was the frame work - - - Delay, discussion, publicity, public oplnlbn. ommerclal boycott and arbitration, .iml If they failed. !n the last reSOM then mllltar measures that Is. an admirable .-stem. but not for dealing with all the e enf ua'itie. which are be fore our eyee or all the troubles from which w. ar. Buffering. Quite the contrary. So rational man ouid suggest sug-gest that the league i constituted to deal with the world or am pari of the world which Is In chaos. That in i is' be dealt I BJ .-...in i oi ; othei i may give assistance, but the league Is not, and cannot he, a complete tnstru-l tnent for bringing order out of chaos." CLondon Times. June 1 . p 10.) There is not much support h-Te for, those who hae been arguing that if America had Joined the league it I would have ended till of these troubles, .because the league could have func-, ' Honed upon them, who have been ar-'gulng ar-'gulng that Kurope was waiting for us ;to Join the league In order that it might make an n.i of this European I chaos; and that therefore we were j derelict In our great mission to hu-inanity hu-inanity In not rushing Into the league, it musi be soiu.wh.it d:.sconcertlng to leaguers to h-nr B Iirltlsh statesman, speaking as the representative of the British gONcrntm-nl on the council of the league, circumscribe league func-' func-' lions by saying that it Is not Intended i to function In times of great stress, yet that this statement should stana I Up In "parliament and. speaking for the government and as lis representative on the council of the i. aBuc. o state, ! gives to his words a weight which mur.i command our attention. U i Y I .l i IRGE S VIKWS A cause for equal disquietude to the t b aguers are the words of Lloyd I u .ileorge In his report to parliament on j i the meeting at San Kcrno. where he I Siild ' (London Times. "lie ha 1 1 r r.o doubt at all that the, time wa., ap- Iproachlng when Ihey could substitute ( I the operations c.f ih.- league of na ( tlons for the niprsme council, but the f time ta,d not yet arrived. - - The t ! whole fahrw of Kurope rests on this policy, the alliance of the three great , powers of the west (Cheers) If Uiej . handed over direction and responslbl- a 'llty at this moment to anybody which t 'had not got force behind It and the. ineces.siirv organization, it would be dls t astrcms to the peace oi Kurope (Hear. , 'her The onlv three powers f that had got strength, the force. th , organization and the will to dire, t th -affairs of Europe at the present mo- v ' men were these three powers of the west, and until there was something else that hud got that p. w.r. th.,t or- t t ganlxation. that force, and will behind , lb it was idle to wind up the supreme I l council." I Thus British statesmen are under no Illusions regarding the league. Its pur I poss. or Its work. I I t.l I R8' I M -I N M im.ii B, I i nit, si Stab - as Model foi i -iigm ' Before proceeding to detail JllSt 1 What the leagu. has done and has not ' lone in Its ten-month existence to1' 1 bring to an end the wars that are dev-jj astatlng almost beyond measure thai: fj Whole Of EurOM' and parts f ASla, I unt lo direct vour attention to ert.un ' .parallels In our own history which. ' though cited h leaguers as a demon- i 1 stratlon that the league Is a workable r scheme, yet when properly and honestly hon-estly examined ahow quite the con-!1 J trary 1 In the ftrsUplace. some leaguers sa . : Look ..t the I nlte.l States itself. It "lie a league of sovereign states, yet we 1 li together in peace and harmony. p.They admit we had one great war lo i ' preserve the union, but that Is all and now we have determined that we shall i' jhave no other, and we can all go for-' "ward together, friends and onirades. 'partners as Mr Wilson loves to say I s In a great movement to better the " world If a group of fort -nine It - can live together la peace and har- a mon a thP t nited States, why cannot the same number of nations live together to-gether in the same way? The leaguers dress up rhis argu- n tnent with frills and flounces and oratorical ora-torical embellishment until it looks quite presentable from the distance. i Bui a little cloeer Inspection with the rouge and fal'-urt ntid other 'h ,u-d ,u-d tlfytng desires rrmoif. I, it Is not quite so entrancing. . , ne ,1 there are many falv- arulo- g gle. a wilt unfounded statement d f tact, bound up In thin allege. I par-1 par-1 all!. I shall confine mvsclf to one r as being ufti. lent to dispose- t,f th.-o th.-o whole arguni-nt It I Now. no leasjuer. ao far as I know, y has been prepared to admit that the it league covenant Impaired our o eric er-ic etgnt and Independence. Mr. Wilson. Indeed aald. on the one hand, at Keno. , a pea king of Ihe absolute equulltt of it weak: ll-m. . ' has not mo el fast i enough et or far rnnuili yet n (el jl lo itlena. tot any part Of that prln- . clple of sovereignty to be relinutshe.. by one of the chief participants nt an ' rate." n the other hand he did say at;, Spokane that our sovereignty was cx-! t Jlde.l 1 ur present sovereignty." he said., "merely extends to making choice whether we will go to war or not, but thU CS tenda our sovereignty to say-; ing w net her .other nations shall go to war or not." That means, if Ii means anything, thai under the covennnt. somehow, sometime, wc can say whether other nations shall go to war by the same token, other nations may Pay whether wc may go to war or not- 8o that no matter what our pro ocntlon. what our dire necessity, we must ask some one else whether we may go to war- j In one of his speeches at San I'r.m-clseo. I'r.m-clseo. ho said: 1 "The league of nations for the flrstl. time provides a tribunal In which not only the sovereign rights of Germany and of Japan in ""hlna. but the sovereign sov-ereign rights of other nations enn be curtailed." But the leaguers as a body will nol. I think, contend or admit, and 1 challenge chal-lenge them to say It If they do, th.it the league takes awuy any of our sovereignty, sov-ereignty, and in considering the alleged alleg-ed analogy- of th federal union to the league. I shall proceco. on the assumption assump-tion that It does not (although as I matter of fact It doesi destroy our so -erelgnty. Now the federal union docs take away from the sovereignty of the states. As a matter of fact It is a legal le-gal misnomer to speak of the stat. .1. n)erelgn at all. The People all of us are- collectively the sovereigns over both state and federal governments govern-ments but we will lei that pass. The states lack the following attributes at-tributes of sovereignly which arc ex-' crelscd by the federal government. They cannot coin money, they cannot .Mai.lish postof flees t hc cannot grant patents and copyrights. Ihey cannot, regulate their commerce with other i tee or With foreign countries, they cannot le import or export dUtlsaV they cannot "without the consent of congress, lay any duly- of tonnage, keep troops, or ships of war In time of peace, enter into any agreement or compact with another state, or with ! a foreign power or etigai In war. unless actually invaded, or In imminent immi-nent danger as will not admit of delay" de-lay" (Art I.) Their foreign relations rela-tions are entirely taken over and controlled con-trolled by the federal government, and in e.r ihing entrusted to the fed-' er.il government, federal law is superior su-perior to state law and no state law or constitution Is valid In so far as It runs counter to the federal constitution. constitu-tion. Finally, no state can legally withdraw from the union, no matter how much it wishes it, nor how necessary neces-sary to Its vital interests It may regard such withdrawal. Now, If the leaguers are prepared lo . i. huh that the covenant does these ' things us against us, or even the fsw great essentials among them, I am prepared to admit that there is soni-thlng soni-thlng In the analngv Th. ;. draw to the L'nlted States; but if they tire not prs-J pared with this, ail mission, tin n I insist' ih..i 'hey shall drop llm particular' kind of lals. and misleading argu-ni. argu-ni. ut Bul even If the covenant did provide pro-vide for m super-state such as Aho fec-ersl fec-ersl government, which should have an army, and a navy, as has the fed- era) government, while as one of thei constituent league stntes we had none.! and were thereore at the mercy of1 the league armed hosts; if the league covenant ware superior to our own ou- j ttonal and state laws and constitution. If the league did onduct our foreign affairs, still there a r elements In the situation ilia; wouid make lor discord dis-cord and ultimate world chaos, as will appaSr from considerations to which 1 shall in a moment advert. But If it has not these things, and If on the other bund we and the other stales retain our full sovereignty, then the scheme Is one which we In this country have already tried, already I proved Is unworkable. Mil UK l' l I I I III I MH II ONFED1 RATION. I refer to the second great crisis! n our historv coverlllK the lime from1 he surrender of CornwallU to the! doptlon of the constitution In the Irst place let's get u clear view of ertaln fundamental but olvantag-ous olvantag-ous essentials which our oung states' ossessed In facing their new prob-BIXU prob-BIXU The people of the thirteen orlg-nul orlg-nul colonies were to nil Intents and urposes all of one race, thus It transit trans-it red thai all Ol Ihem were Identically raditloned In morals, In finance. In aw, and In the same form and theory; f government; they were all t'hrls; lans and for the main part Protest- I ints; they all spoke the Same mother ongue. they had the same heritage of, Itc-rature. they all had the same his.' ory ihe same heroes, ,n.l th same 'tandards of heroism, they were, ln ihort. a homogenous people with com-1 non hopes, common beliefs, common ispiratlohs, and common ends. There vas among the young slates, none with iny considerable population that Wmi illen to the others, in any of these hlngs so vital to a cooperative deve!- ipmi ni oi 4 taaritory and its people. With this pj. tur. in mind I want yon 0 mark the course of the history vhlch Immediately followed the close f our Revolution. There were, all 'old In round numbers, some three nlUlona of pt ople Inhabitants In the hirteen olonles. They had I irnSa n the last French ,ltil Indian war the necessity for some sort of union he-:ween he-:ween lhem. One had already beeti itfenipted hut had failed However, he colonists now usdtciatcd themselves ogether Into u confederacy, a league if stites, under what Is known as the Vrtn-lc, of Confederation. The more -ti iking characteristics of this confederation, con-federation, for the present discussion. er- these. First, it operated against :he governments of the colonies and not against the Individuals composing it. So does the league under the covenant. cove-nant. Second. It had no separate executive ar Judicial branches, the congress or legislative branch exercised all the three functions of government. This is the organization of the league under the covenant. The confederation had no means of raising nionev aside from requisitioning requisition-ing upon the colonies, the colonies pa -Ing or refusing to pay as they ia fit. This Is precisely the condition of the league under the covenant. The confederation had no means ot raising an army. II had to depend for this upon the slates. Thla Is the condition of the league under the covenant, The states under the confederation, without any restriction whatever. Issued, Is-sued, their own money, regulated trad bftwsen and among themselves and wth foreign powers, levied Import and export l,ivr, could make preferential - , u irrangemsnta if the desired s... . j. h n.it.on utidher Ihe ,u.e- nant Yet notw ithslanding all the ho-rsMMsatt) ho-rsMMsatt) I have spoken of. there noon developed from this Indefinite, Indefi-nite, anomalous. futile confederation, confedera-tion, a veritable chao Even iheae states, ao bound togctner by a . unmi'ii I' i r pose . 'ol ommii tie of II nip race, language, and tsWgsn began to treat ..re another a f..--un thej- began to let) excessive ri.; discriminatory tariffs one again the other, each Stat lesued Its own mnoey , making the money of the otiu worthless In the other. The lark of authority Ip the confederation to en-fore- its demands soon made It an nhject of derision. t'tter distntcfrri-llon, distntcfrri-llon, pure anarchy threatened, while British and other European states' stood waiting until the break should, romc. prepared to gather for them-sclvvs them-sclvvs the fragments. It lec-nie evi-l lent to such men as W ashington. Mad-1 ISoU. Marshall, Hamilton. Dickinson. Franklin, the Morrises. The Flnck-ney Flnck-ney s. that If America woo to be saved, there must be the equivalent of a revolution and the setting up Qf a sovereign sov-ereign super-state to which all the ronstltusnf states should in certain i respects be subject, which should take) 0VSI the nmnagemcnt OV foreign r-falrs. r-falrs. the raising and equipping of trinles, the powers of war and peace, i and generally all those matters which concerned the whole welfare of Am- erica Accordingly the constitution was framul and finally adopted under, which with a few amendments we have lived from that tlmr until the present. Wild mi n Rl n I With that picture before you 1 want now to turn to the league and taking It at the full vaJue given It by Its pro- ponantSj 1 want you to see and understand un-derstand a little more completely than I have so far Indicated, the analogy between the tw o situations. Flral, thv league is declared to be a sort of union between separate and independent and sovereign or quasi-sovereign states, but Instead of the homogcnlty which chac-terlzed chac-terlzed the colonies, you have here difference as wide ns the poles. They comprise praotlcall all the known races of the world, with their dissimilarities dissimi-larities in traditions, morals, ethics, and religion. They are, beyond hope of amalgamation, different In law. In the science and form of government. In their experience and capacities for elf-government, Tjiey oomprlse all shades und degrees of civilization from 1 the semi-clvillzed Arab to the most highly civilized European anil American. Ameri-can. They Include all the great re-' llglons of the world. Mohammedan. Buddhist. Christian, with all Its secta and rivalries Their llteralur. ,s dn-fernt, dn-fernt, their arts are different, their heroes and their standards of heroism aro different, th. Ir hopes and aspirations aspira-tions ure different. The league has but on. nisi i umcn-tulity umcn-tulity to periorm all functions of government, gov-ernment, legislative, executive, and Judicial, Ju-dicial, namely, the council and Ilv- aS-s. aS-s. niiil of the leugue. wklh provision, hovc.ver, for the formation oi a court. It ihe league requires bolp financially. II must obtain 11 from the voluntary contributions of Its members, it ma) not. as a leagu.-. rats,. ,ts own army,; bul must rely upon the contributions of lis constituent Males, It may not make war and It may not make peace; the constituent states have their own laws, their ...wn taxes, tnssr own t.. -nts. and their own currency. So that the leaguer may put his case us lilt'h as he will, short of the establlsnmeni of a great super-state, and yet ho shall attain only that condition, mat organization, organi-zation, which under circumstance's n thousand told more propitious than exist ex-ist today, threatened us with disaster and anarchy, and which was only cui- d by the imposition of a sup.r-stit. And evert under a real super-Mate, an International United States, the difference dif-ference in races, relhrlons, languages. in.i government will ..s certainly as the sun rises, wreck any such superstate super-state until you have gottob rlghteop.--ness and Christianity Into the hearts of all men. For how fatal it will be to disarm Christian nations under such a super-state Christians who believe It wrong to kill and that war Is an unholy un-holy curse, and so leave us an easy prey to the hundreds Of millions of Mohammedans, who believe the surest road to their heaven Is through death in battlSi and that all Christians arc Infidels to be treated as dogs. Wil l. LEAD TO M 108. I warn you leaguers that even so certainly as history repeats Itself, Just so . eriatnl) v-lll this organization now proposed, if pui Into force und effect, lead to such a chaos among the nations, na-tions, to such emblttermonts. embroilments embroil-ments and wars. OS shall chullonge the very existence of society and as shall , threaten for accomplishing Its rectification, rectifi-cation, the setting up of a super-state, to which we shall become subject.' When that supcr-slnt,. s st up, I warn you that so far ns human ugencv and. foresight cun look Into th' futur. . through the lessons of the past, the white races with their civilization, their Institutions, llvlr religion muai persh from the earth. I therefore challenge the leaguer ti answer whether he is prepared to fo- low his experiment io its necessary cone luslon I am well aware tnat It has become th.? fashion to speak of the world today to-day us something quit.- different from, what it was a thousand or even a hundred hun-dred years ago. to talk of the operation opera-tion of new forcca upon humanity and to consider that the nature und mind of man have somehow out of the tragedy trag-edy of the war undergone a metumor-phosls metumor-phosls from lower to higher forms, so' eliminating former baseness. Hut I am here to proclaim that no new forces of uny kind do exist either In physical nature or In ihe human mino. Forces that haw always worked are Working today So far behind us um we can reach with history, tradition, or myth, there arc In man the same selfishness, envy, avarice, cruelty, ambition, am-bition, domination, love un-J hate, that exist today, no other and no different. These were, are. and while man Is' man., ever will be the mainsprings of human action. They materialize now In one form, now in u. othei sonn times their dormancy .teems like ex-1 junction, but still they ale there v fa it man sought yesterday. Ihe means ho .used and what he wrought to get It, he will seek, use and do today and : tomorrow it Is true he has in his. normal state softened his manner, he) . has restrained somewhat his animal Instincts. But In times of great stress, when he thinks his existence threatened, threat-ened, man again is a primal brute, the elemental 'still wells up in him and bursts out irom him and when It comes It Is naked with all Its priml-tfve priml-tfve feroritv and attended by all Us accompanying . irt i. and c . W. have, therefore, nothing to hope from the false assumption that man is" not what he is. What national pride and ,r.,.c. n. r and ambition have done In the past thev will do In the future, and I tell y a with ajl the soberness und the earnestness -Which I possess, that I In my Judgment this league apella not Ithe beginning of -the mlllenlum but 'the beginning of wo and infinite dia taster. When wc shall have 'hristiar.lzed jthe world, when Ihe gospel of Christ 'shall have been ut epted by ah the 'worlds people and be lived b them, 'when, as a result of this, mans nature na-ture was actually Changed, so that all .baseness has been wiped out of it. then will come the mlllenlum. Then and not till then shall we aafel . mbarM 'on a arheme which subordinates our sovereignty to the will of other powers and which leavee open to challenge the dearest and moat sacred right our (athrs bought for us with their blood. We shall now turn to the work of ithe league, though I must observe I there are obvious handicap iii undertaking un-dertaking any dlacsusion of this nut ler II II I I Ml I i IN'.- sttRll In th first place, no'althstanding that great principle open ...vso-:its openlv arrived at." and that SUMf principle. probably its legitimate tathcr. announced h Mr Itryan wbSfl he was secretary of state, that we always, al-ways, played our diplomacy with our cards on the table, the meetings of the league where the real work Ul I " ore held in secret. This decision was announced by Mr Balfour at the see-ond see-ond meeting of Ihe le.igue council In lxndon. where, after v onsultlng ith Mr. Hourgeui- and his other colleagues, he state.! he had come to the conclusion conclu-sion that Th' details of our work cannot with advantage take place In an open assembly. We recognize the extreme Importance, and Indeed neceilty. of publicity in the true and useful form of that phrase, but the actual detailed discussions, we believe can bo carried fin with that perfect freedom which is desirable 1 even go further, und aay necessary if the work Is to be efficiently ef-ficiently done, behind closed doors." It was planned nt the beginning, however, to have ., public session at the end of each session, at which the conclusions reached In the private meetings were announced. llul us time went on and us Ihey began to handle questions more Nearly approaching ap-proaching live ones, these public meetings meet-ings occurred less and less frequently, until It become.- Impossible to follow-accurately follow-accurately the course of us worl- Ardent Ar-dent '.eaguers In Britain, such SI lrd Hobert Cecil, the great Hrltish champion cham-pion of the league, repeatedly complained com-plained in parliament legardtng this procedure and repeatedly Inslsted't hat more publicity- should be given to ths council's activity, hut he wns aid,, tr, bring about no change So while Hrltish newspapers have kept the Iirltlsh Iirlt-lsh public fuirly well advised of the council meetings, the American press has seen lc need ,.r uch a course and except on rare occasions we here ha been left In entire Ignorano of what wag cnrrvlng on. Woidv (U I III i M Si 11 The council bus Doen in existence for some nine months during which time It has held nine sessions. The first meeting of the nssqrnbly has been called for the middle of November, or pmctlcallv ten months after Information In-formation Of the council of the lesffU. I-.'xcept tor the explanation alr id) quoted of Mr. Balfour, which Wl must concede i epresems lOuropiun opinion tn the matter, one would have ! en at i loss to understand why in the pres-ence pres-ence of all this upturning. turmoil, wars, und rumor of wars, the assembly assem-bly was not called that It might exert by a son of quasi-absent treatment it least, the Immense moral force of Ihe world with which Ihey tall us It is so lichly endowed The attainments of the league as (given by Mr. Kalfour are these In the first place he chronicles Ihe establishment of a secretariat with present headquarters m London. It will be recalled thai the first secretary general had been named m the lesgU covenant. Sir James Krl. DfUmmond, a British subject Mr. Balfour advises ad-vises us that Mr. Drummond Is a subordinate sub-ordinate clerk WhOSS special duty It Is to keep track of mutters relating to Ithe traffic In women and children. Mr Ualfour did not say what, it anything! this subordinate bud done in this connection con-nection beeidee reccivum his appoint-ment appoint-ment and presumablv drawing his salary. sal-ary. Mr. Balfour announced the estub- lllehment ot an office for the regiatra- Jtion of treaties. You will recall that the covenant hi .quires (Article I i "Every treaty and International covenant cov-enant entered Inlo hereafter b DTJ member of the leugue shall be forthwith forth-with reg-.stercd." r.nd further thai "No such treaty and international tngagemenl shall ba binding until s. registered-" Perhaps I ought to suggest here. ' I hough one hesitates to mention mCrSs ly mundane things In the same breath llhat utters the holy covenant, that under un-der the constitution of Ihe United Stntes, a treaty becomes operative so soon as rat ll lent ions are exchanged I between ourselves and the other gov-.crnment. gov-.crnment. and that so ra tilled ine treaty becomes u part of the supreme law of tin land. I lie i 0t Chant ' h mpr., this tind requires. In addition to lh ratification und the fulfilling of this constitutional re.iurein.-nt. a further act, the registration of the treutv One might h. permitted to suggest therefore, there-fore, even In this small matter, that the treaty obviously runs counter to the constitution. Mr. Balfour also Informs us that four advisory committees huve been appointed. The first Is the permanent perma-nent military committee authorized by Article '. of the treaty, to advise the council on the execution of the provisions pro-visions of Articles 1 and X of th. oov enant. Which have lo do with th. n-eral n-eral problems of dlsarmum' nt, not only of new members being ndmltteci 'o the league, but of members who are already In the league, in this connection, con-nection, 1 might observe that In an nounclng the foregoing facts. Mr. Balfour Bal-four aald ' I am one of those who think that If the league, acting as the organ ofj the peace conference, falls In Its en-deuvor en-deuvor to promote a dlmunltlon of armaments, ar-maments, mudl of Its Utility wll! have gone and we shall have lo admit that, so f ir. It hu fulled to curry out the high expectations which most of ue think we are Justified In entertaining as regards to Ms future activ ities. " j Times. June JR, p, . It will be interesting to you to know thai the appointment made lo this per-menonl per-menonl armament commission, announced an-nounced In July, Includes three representatives repre-sentatives from each of the following countries. Great Britain. Trance. Ja-I pan. Belgium and Cireece. The only question so far as we know that has' been referred to them l that ol the size of armament- whl'h tbe three puny Busslan Baltic states. Ksthoifia Blvonia and Lithuania might se.erally maintain and be admit td to the league. ( VI 1 I Oil M Till HI N H i ine grows apprehensive that Mr Balfour has either light expectation-along expectation-along the disarmament line he suggests, sug-gests, or that hi faith in (he league Is going to he seriously if nol fatally shaken ' if course, this commission will have something to wt regarding the disarmament of Germany, but that is merely in connection with the carry-' Ing out of the treat). But the elisor-mameni elisor-mameni of Germany while a mutter of large Interest la still not the only, problem of disarmament We still ' have the armament of Great Britain. Kranre. Italy, and Japan to conid r. and If we go into the league our own disarmament, and none of there have been touched The second committee appointed wast that which has to do with the m.,Hr of International health. Mr Balfour Bal-four expressed tfca v . that It, would contrive to frame an international inter-national permanent health commit it -to handle the interest of the general, health The third committee appointed had lo do with transit particularly wuh referent ref-erent e to waterways under the treat) of Versatile. Those who bar road' them prartlcally part of the high seas, so that as to theaa ''ril there IS and can he no such thing in Germany as domti routea of transit. The fourth permanent commission U tea' organised by the council lo r. f- plan for an Internationa) court . ,r.d i" iiitue of the .Uk enant That committee was appointed and has finished Its preliminary work, which In this country Is knov:n as the Root If----! The council i'so appointed the boun- l.ry commission to delimit the Suar fjH valley and th- commission for govern-ing govern-ing thai valley, and has appointed a fB high commissioner who Is responsible for the framing of a constitution for I'm : This commissioner acting not iflS for the league but under th- treaty of paH Versailles, would also assist In draft- Ing a treaty between Itanzlg and Po- P? I Further commenting upon the work-Ing work-Ing of the league council, Mr. Balfour wM 'called attention to the measures adopt- Ifll I under Its direction to combat ty- phufc'ln Kurope and for the measures for the repatriation of prisoners f.om BilSSiii and from Siberia to KufOpS. and from Kurope to Bussla and Si- berbi. The league also took some 'measures with reference to Interna-finance. Interna-finance. This was the work of Ihe league up to Tune ol 'ins year. Since some additional work, the advisory B COmmleSiOlU have held a meeting in. I H talked, and Great Britain has referred to the, council the Aland dispute be-tween be-tween Finland and Sweden In which Great Britain had no direct concern whatsoever. This latter was possible, of course, under Ihe principle announc- fi Wilson in hie pc ch al In rJn thai At present w have to mind our own business. I'nder the ovenunt of the league of nations wc can mind other peoples' business." The council. has cruvstd- gJH . red the question of the Aland Islands sufficiently lo appoint a committee to Investigate certain phases of the qu report to the council which now will take the mutter up for consideration and possibly In the. futurcd Ispose HJ of HH SAN SKBAST1AN Ml I I tv.. But before leaving the work of he HJ league, I will point out, though it Is w council, composed ot Franco, Great Brit in. Ilalj and Japan and Belgium. With ihiee others, decided thai the eu I , Mi . I 1 J 'I 1 the proper parties to allocate among I H !thc nation-. Ihi Qsrmnn colonies, uixt I kfl that the council urged the early an- ' H nouncement of the allocutions and the submission of the terms under which ths mandates wen to be carried out. I ,1 Illlgtlt also, while oil tht. subject, lfl stuie tlmi ihe supreme council, that TI 10, France. Great Britain, Italy and 1 i ran. hav- divided th. German colo- j nles a notig France. Great Britain. It- al and Japan, little Belgium also get - Mug a hi', and that when they get finally int. the council it will be the i representatives of France. Greet Britain. Brit-ain. Italy, Jspsn and Belgium, with the thrsi "tlors. that will puss upon . the terms of the mandates. LA There In nothing so effective In aK-J world mutters as thoroughly dlsln- Is And In Ihls connection and as show -Ing how admirable ihls whole cove-nam cove-nam :! n,e It might be well to add one tiling more, as a broad beam ff. , of light for exploring tbo obscure re- H ceease of rather a dark subject, and H that is i.i id. by All Bul- tour on I . bruar) 13, laat, Be was re- plying to a thrust by his relative laird H Rob. rt Cecil, who had suggested that the league of nations should be Invok-ed Invok-ed In an attempt to bring order out of tin I i Mi Balfour was -- I ruch action ft 'I . . i . i don I h w holl) us Is s, but sui eic J I not very, likely to produCS a new H 11. and a esrth In that part ot the world, because after all, what H Is the league of nations ?' It Is exactly H nil., same gentlemen who nut together Paris from January to November H in the yi ir lilt, exactly the same gen- prime ministers of Ihe leading rouil- libs vvho wei,- at Parle. The league H of Diiious. he continued, "represent the peoph . thej have the same HJ objects the) to do the sumo H H In otber.words; a couvocullon of Eu- diplomat i;.ts, at the same old LaH Job. In Ihe same old way. And so boiled down, the accom- Pllshments of the league up to this H time an thi ippolntment of a high H commlasioner for Dsnslg; the pcrool I0J Ing of its organisation; Hie adoption aBaal of 1 .1 . 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 . , r looking to- B handling of the "cooties" favor (typhus) In Kurope, a lauduble Kl purpose, the appointment of two Saar Hs basin commissions, the appointment of MMML' , ommlselon t i r , 1 1 i plsn foi in I 1 HJjfsjj .n over Ihe Aland l-liiiijn, which the J council in turn rubmlttsd for stud lo HH la commission which has reported IberSon to the council. These seem to be the total achievements- There wr. of talks and what an Kngllsh parltumsntar) enquirer called holldu) outings" of the member, now 10 Paris, now to lajndon. now to Spuin. now to Italy, but Ihe real H achievements are thus, that 1 have HjHJ RSSgJl the heralded purpose Of Ihe league, recall the great things which league Is to accomplish, to bring peace and happiness to the world, re-call re-call then the condition of Kurope dur- 9 Ing this last year. Its woe. misery, pest I- Icm-e. and lamlne. mostly nil coming H front th. now raging in Kurope. Hl and with these tn mind put thin fact Indelibly Into our thoughts, not that the league waa unable to accomplish iiiiiblng to alleviate thi condition of Bprops b) ending ita wars, but that H It never made .-rfoSt so to do Wll Al ii ii HAh NOT DOM U'hen the league was formed and it was ictuall) holding Ha firt 7M - meeting. Bolshe.Lk Busala was threat- HH I.-",., ni... and to lmpo uton It the HJ rengeful i in tti Bossh ovist, a rule m f it blasts Industry, that destroy re a Hj llgion. that tolerate, if it doe not ac- HH J afl H " H III IMI 1) ' l VMS U.tuii What the league ,, ., if. frf HJ meeting was to indulge In rhasten'd orubon" and to appoint two gar Basin commissions. in order that France might gel the coal exacted by HH And remember, fellow cltlaens. th R was a functioning league, with all bH tbe operative machinery that the HB league will ever posaeaa. wan over H two-thirds of the population of ih-- HJ world behind it with Ita aanrtlon. and with of the il states which were HH to onstliut under the plan, mem- r. m full fellowship and good star i gl ing Hj7 il I I k TtaSCfJEX IHSPIT1 As the ear progreaae. .Iiffhul' , aH n i I T,e W il.aitlMO. ,1 I ..l..Mtllc 'aa;e , gflP " SWaSaBC I Major Clark Attacks I The Treaty-Covenant lOMUiMd fn.ni Pro-cllug rNJC nriihn Poland nor Cwcho-Slovakla 'lured to have th matter determined MB by a plebiscite fur there wu the best f.a nhitncf in the world Id that rm thai HHJ Blu I P,,, would yet it. And ko the HHJ proposal came to violate ihe ireatv "f HH versatile and arbitrarily divide h HHj territory between the two counir.e. HHJ Did the leajruc lep in to protect HH1 'hr treaty Did the leue undertake HH1 to adjust this difference.' Oh. no' HH Quite another body did that The bodv HHJ knonn BjS the council of minister pr- I sicd tl non? dlplon HJ bvlv whi'h dlplomati. all) dreu HH arbitrary artificial lino and divided HH1 the territory between the two coun-HHl coun-HHl ill BSO-POLAXD u r. HHl fnl.md. 'Jrcmlns of her former HH dories and 'f the wide extern of it- HBb rltory which she one occupied. r - HHV solved to reposaeiM her self of that HHT1 f HHV portions no lonfrr were Inhabited bj HK rov So -hr begun to move HHl HcalnM Ftussta In an effort to push her HHl 0WH boundaries not to the point prt - HHb BOllbsd In ihr treaty, but to the point HHb hsrnd and occupied by Ruawla HHf srto.li h Poland had once exercised her HHl SOVSrslgntJ Uld ihr ogir makf one a move i o ignipn our oi nm "'r,M'" 1 I and that weak one. to observe the I fundamental provisions of that great I heart of the covenant. Article 10, I against wars of aggression ! Did II I oiRf. .! ih.it Poland vv.i- doing wrong I Did H even take note of the situation I Let ihr league answer that too. The supreme council, not th leaKii I oun il. SSSjpltd to have advised against I the COtWpriW, and. Poland somewhat prsltlng the coMn-ll -rm t'u-'h. I to have suggested that any move for- I ward must he on her own reponl- I hllitv. But, the league stood by Idly. I with hand folded, it operating nw m - I ben wlnrlnp tnd dining one another. but doing nothing to guarantee th I psfcCG of the world about to be dls-I dls-I i orbed in violation of th vreat funda-I funda-I mentals of the covenant of the league n i ; k . i c m i o-n sLIak w ui I Turkev nirrendered under the arm- I tstlce and her troODfl were atge ,V- 1 pd, but on' of her leaders, con- fi L'clvlnc hi hsd i n oppoi tunltj to ') I something In his own or Turkey's be- I half brgan some trouble. Did the I league Intervene'' Did It make any I move in the premises'." Did It undrr- I take to avert the hostilities which I threatened? I On the Contrary the matter wax I turned over to lt.,U and Greece who had designs on cntaln portions of I Turkish territory, which they rnpldl) I r-..rrun and occupied: and vvhen the I treat) with Turkey wan finally signed. I the occupied portions went to these I powers. I Will tlie leaguers tell us why iM- I wa so ? I The greit Wilson principle of "no I annexations" was sleeping SPAXISH-MOROCt w l ROI BE1 I Spain had trouble In Morocco. She I holds no mandate for Morocco, but is I seeking to extend her territories In j I northern Africa. The tribes arc un-; I willing or undeslroUfl to be longer I rulrd by Spain. Spain on the other I hand holding the masts and possessing; I that thirst for dominion and tenltorv possessed by all of them without ex-I I crptlon. undertook to push her troops to the back limits and to conquer and; H overcome these free tribes and peo- P You will remember thai Mi. Wilton., speaking at Sioux Palls, announced. The principle underlying the treats was that every bind belonged to the native stock that lived In it. and that j nobody hud the tight to dictat the form of government or the control j f territory to those people who were born and bred and had their lives: and happiness to make there. The J principle that nobody has the right to impose the sovereignty of any alien government on anybody was for the first time recognized In the councils of international deliberation In the league of nations covenant Which I some men usk for to examine In a apol here and there with magnifying ' glass, there lies at he heart of It this great principle, nobody has the righ; to take any territory any more." I p. 84.1 It is true that Spain is not a signa-' signa-' torv ol the treaty, but she has become a member of the league of nations .ind this principle of the covenant of the league Is therefore as binding on h- i as though sh- had been a stsn.i-M stsn.i-M tory Did the council, when Spain II "-i;,,n hfr onriucring movement toll to-ll i these trlbet undertake to Intcr-H Intcr-H fere in behalf of these poor natives H who were bring crowded back underl I the alternative of becoming subject! Hj to a foreign pow er by the greatly I W superior forces of Spain? Did the nj council udvisc Spain to desist" Did it If deprecate the action of Spain .' Did HI it ven take note of thiM great viola- , Kjj tlOn of this alleged fundamental pun ! JJ Clple of the covenant'.' I Let the leaguers answer again. I W There Is nothing in tfh records of' W the council so far a the have brcn 1 11 published, not oven the slightest Intl- j H uiatlon. of any such action and yet , Hi the Spanish operations were BCarcel I , onpleted. indeed thev appear actually I I to have been underway, at the very I HI time when the council held it meet- I HI Ing In Spain. I M Ml S1TUA Hon H Has the 1'oum ll taken any part in H tiu seemingh niticai situation at Flume, situation that threatens at H any time to break into open war ? H' The supreme council has acted und B reacted, our own arch leaguer has! H written and threatened and blustered H but the question is not settled. He H might hmc regretted that the matter! H be referred to the council and huve, H pi i nutted that bod to pass upon anu ' H setth the utlre controversy, for under' his theory of the covenant that body j la preeminently qualified to determine the question, but no such reference eras made The ouncSl Itseif took no note of It, even when It held Its meet-' --' IngK in Home. And vet nv war threat or war or anything ItKely to affect the good underbuilding between nations na-tions upon which peace depends is the legitimate business of the council. Ol M.RM. rM7iTi,i;n CONDITIO Nor tre these all. The press tells us Britain lights the Turk In the region re-gion of Marmora and the league doe- not act. Lithuania and Poland arc .' WOrda points and the council graveh debates and then recommends, bu: does not act. and there are the great Civil wars In China and In Russia But the league moves not. In addition to all this, there are on nineteen different rronts armed forces readv to grapple to the deal; o: which the league taJies no note And if Balfour's thought reprcs. ni the views of the council that the I league WSa never Intended to app.v lo a situation as the present, but to I 1 condition of peace, when in realltv there would be little need for the e istencc of the league at all then w.-may w.-may feel certain that the league dot not Intend to act. SYRIAN MANDATE But even assuming that all this might be excused, what will the leaguer tell us about Syria occupied T by France under an alleged mandate. predicated upon a claim it right b : raaot not upon the grea' general prin, iple of the "well being and development de-velopment ' of the Svrlans ' What shall the f.iv of the mllltarv covernmen: whih I-rani e has set up over the peo-p.e peo-p.e , 'i i-i.e .arrvlng out a sacred (trust of civilization"" Svrln. with u people fighting against a rule which has no justification at all except under the league covenant. Kyrla torn, dis-traigbt, dis-traigbt, war ridden trying to appeal ;to the league trjlng to get a hearing , as to whether or not France Is performing per-forming the functions pre rlhed by and authorixe.j b the covenant ifself 'whlti .Teates the league. What "hall the lemguer lav when the council lo Ithia Situation takes r.o noie of condi-Itioni condi-Itioni known lo the whole world and prodii'tivr of u h IralcP results'' We nitght have thought that there would have been one representative of the league that would have leen brave let,,, ugh disinterested enough, forma I Iv to luing this to the attention of the council We might, have thought That the council Itself would on Its own volition have taken note of this situation situa-tion We might have thought that the Interest of the council in the league as .,n organization, in th' establish-J men' of the principles of the covenant, in justifying Itself and existence before! the world, would Itself nave t,een conr- i . i nniieii i ,, ri , , som : Ming in an (atteoipi to adjust the differences bs-Itween bs-Itween France and the Syrian- Cut I far the world knows not one movt made Blghty-flve thousand troop-1 ! cow th Sjrlans Into sutmlsslon to n' Imandate under the league, a mandate i never authorized r the league, th'' I terms of which the league has never . pres rlb d. noi passed upon. And yet !the league slt sill lit RIOT lll IN Ml SOPOT MI And bo "f the .r sopota m la . this, rreai empire which Lloyd George has, iconjured in his mind this eountn lenormouslv rich In material resources.' Jthls country with Its great deposits of Oil, this country which lies across the: hlghva anil between the Bolahevlkl and the best route to India, i ne hun-l dred thousand British soldiers are nil garrison and In the field m the ancient, valley of the Tigris and I he Kuphrates. i trying to hold the population of Meso-' Ipotamia under a rule that they do not I want, under a rule thev never asked for, under a rule whose only Justification Justifi-cation la the league covenant, under : mandate which the leugue never has: (authorized, under the terms of a maii-j I date which the league has never pass-1 ,'cd upon or approved, ar.d Tel here also the league slf. silent. liv does th council keep silent? Wpv is some note) not taken of these conditions? h Is some effort not made lo adjust these disputes and t0 put an enrl to the hor-I hor-I or.-, the mlser.v, the deaths, of war? Again lei the league answer. If the council had tried and failed W'e should say peradv enture it needs Isi.nic readjustment; there was noi force behind it sufficient; or there wasl i some other of a thousand reasons. Which might )iae excised Its failure I Hut when no f tori It made at all. and when the marj who ofienest sits, asj president of the cound; says taut thei j league has no function to perform in a distressed world, are we not forced; t,, ic, ,'f,t biv , , inclusion to strip from: our eyes the mists which have obscur-J ad our vision, and to look squarely In the face of the fact thai the league Is not tin? thing it has been represented, J1 thai It is not and cannot be and never will be the Instrument of peace.' which has been so generously pictured I to us. 1 1 Shall J tell you vvhv the council has sat silent In the midsl of all this cal-j1 Sin It; and woe? The answer g simple, jl rhet were ;ill in the same boat ' Britain lh uesopotamt und Africa. ' France In Byiia, Clllcia, and Afrlcu, 1 Ilalv In Turkev, and in Africa: Japan! in China .md Siberia. Belgium Congo.'!1 line..- In Tut key. and Spain in Moroc-j1 00 all of them doinj; th, Bam St thing, holding lo their own. Brazil alone of!1 ah the council members Is In a posl-I' tion of sufficient iN disinterested relu-i1 lions to even brroch th subject. There Is an old hp.j trut maxims People liv- 1 ing m glass houses must not throw 1 stones. That is your reason, 1 PERSIA Wl nil BOLSHEVIK! But to m mind these even are noi the wort offenses of ommlsaion of , which the league council is guilty. I 1 k you now to recall the language of 1 article X and that ou muv ha H ' fteshly In mind I will read It to you ! 'The members Of the league undertake under-take lo respect and preserve as against j external aggression ih territorial In-1 legrity and existing political independence independ-ence of all members of Ihe league in case of anv such aggression or in i &e! Of any threat or danger of such ag-j, gresslon. the council shall advise uponl! 'he means hv which the obligation shall be fulfilled." Viith this' In mind I want you to;1 consider the case of poor feeble Persia an object of pity and of Oharlt) il "j such a one exists in the world. The) BolshSVlkl pouring out from the north and to the east of the Caspian sea, ! threatened to overrun lv agression Ihel' territories of Persia, a member of the j! league. Persia had no means commen- siirate with the danger. The Bolshe-f. vlki advanced and she cried for helpi Her minister under instructions Iromj his government presented to the coun-l ell a memorial asking tax help which i the covenant guaranteed, and recount-1 niK her entreaties fo the Bolshevlki to: withhold their aggressive ' hands Here surely must be , use ih.u willj vitalize (he council into action. Bureli a situation that defies the fund. mien-: ials of the document will be met fore frontedly, Immediately, ami with ani unwer rhat will leave the world no longer in doubt as to the efficiency of the league. Surclv we have here the opportunltv to put substance behind the lofty words we have uttered regarding re-garding the covenant. But instead It ended UI I 'pompous Carte" that was a Iragedv. The council gravely considered Persia's Per-sia's case, her course In her diplomatic negotiations, and then diplomatically but with seeming cordiality, approved of Persia's notes to the Invading ter-l !rors. She was told that If she continued her negotiations for h wlfhdrawul of the Holsbevlki troops already in her t.rrltorv and she failed, the council would again consider what action it anv thev might take I It wa that historic remark with , which vou are so familiar, repeated Your cause i Just, but I an do notn ing for vou." What becomes of the rotemn vow ot the members to preserve as against 'external aggr, .-i-n the- territorial ln-. ln-. tegntv and existing political Independence Independ-ence of all member- of the league ' And what becomes of the solemn duties placed by the n. xt sentence 'upon the coun- i! tint In ease of any such aggression ,or In -e ot an threat or danger of such aggression.; the council shall advise upon the means by which this obligation shall be fulfilled " SfSCRim Mil S.ITI VTIUN I Shall 1 tell oli here also the real secret of this situation, and aftei "II 'it is ho secret, lor the Situation shouts aloud and unmistakably to the wnole world. France is usinp all her forces, and all her revenue, holdin Syria, '"llicia. her colonics in Africa. In Asia,; and in ensuring her fZ per cent of thej tiirman indemnity. Italy is straining every- posslfde resource lo hold her share of Aslnti. 'lurkey, hr possessions posses-sions In Africa, to guard her interests In the Asiatic, and to secure her 10 per cent of the German Indemnity Japan Is holding Shantung, Blberla, the former German colonies on this side of the equator In 0csanlcs and is, reud.v for eventualities In Chins and in the Par East gen-rally Spain Is h.ivinj; mor,. than her hands full holding hold-ing Rorocco Belgium's troops must guard the Belgian i'lingo, and be pre-pan. pre-pan. I to get her I per cent of the I German Indemnity. ;ie, .. ix straining strain-ing evsrj nerve to bold the Turkish territory In tCurope nd Asia that was given her Br.i.il with no army and; no navv. with thousands of miles of ocean between, iv helpless ah with! their ow n troubles, and vv hv should j thev sacrifice their possessions lo, cruard England's Interests In Persia.? As for Cngland. her hands are full, too, I for with Mesopotamia and India andj Palestine and the colonies in Africa. and her troops In Germany, and keep-, ing the straits open for European commerce, com-merce, she can undertake no more. Lloyd George hat aald this over and over again. So if necessary, Persia musl i. sae-rifioed sae-rifioed to the Bolahevlkl, because that meant the least of loss to th, council powers. j Does: anv one doubt, will any i-.ii,u. i 1 deny that if we had been In the leagut w should not have been called out to thrust back thc Bolshevlki, thus em-' broiling us In a war of unfathomable, proportions agalnsl th might Russia? Rus-sia? If. to this, the Armeniuii mandate man-date had bo-Mi added, ai Mr, W ilson wished and proposed, ami it to these thS mandate of Turkey had been add ! Bd ns the great European powers wish I und plan, will . n v leaguer den) that art should have had in the field toda) I I least a half u million American bo.v s. I operat.ng four thousand miles from home with all the cost, the loss, the lUfferlng, the misery, the death amF th mourning which that would have sntalled? Do not talk to me about the league and its blessings, speuk of it as it is. as it has demonstrated itsell to bp, the efficient tool oaaii the un-, lell lsliues.s. .,n the imperial dreams, all ho ambitions, nil Hie hates and oppressions op-pressions that have gripped and cursed Ik Stations throughout all the ages. j i OMP&7TI l M l IILURE. v. i this league, with this monumen-l a I 'record of Incompetence and failure n world affairs, with Balfour's and L.loyd Gaprge's tragic sit Im a tea of its purposes, powers or lack of them I titles, and functions this league which! las seen the world welter In crime, Jiseusc. starvation and war for ai ivhole yeaj', without lifting Its palsied irm to succor Ihe world this league VI t Wilson urges upon oil for adop-lon adop-lon as being greater than our own government (' ,".7) greater than the aspired system of the fathers, greatei ! hun the plan for which our ancestors, rave the all ihe. had ifie.it. i than the, jian which bus been tho! model fpti tee democratic government througn- ui this whol. benitsphei e. If Amer ica is so powerful, so essen-1 lal tb thi.s scheme that H cannot go n without her, lin n America is suf -1 Iciehtly powerful to make hei par- li ipailoii on uiv terms which she mu epatd as ii.-cessai v lo protect her 80V- lelgnty, hor Institutions, and the Ilb-irtl'es Ilb-irtl'es of her people If she be not lufflcientl) Important to make a par- icip.it ion on this basis desirable to iOn- ope. then her presence In this scheme s not necesaarv but merely desirable, tnd oniv delrable because of her noney and men. nd here let me iay one looks In vain among the scions sc-ions practical words of the great men ii Europe - ".hen (ln speak among hemselves for any suggestion even, I hat it Is America s spirit. America's I uv humanity, 01 which Europe I wishes to avail herself: ever and al-i vavs n 1 wealth and fighting force hey seek. But America has not Ihese o give in an unrighteous cause, norj it ihe mere beck of another, miniated t may be bv sentiments, motives and urposes. nJl only completely selfish o themselves hut likewise wholly alien o the great principles o, human rlghl v hich wi have heretofore proclaimed LS the guiding beacons of our prog-ess, prog-ess, and for which we have .ils.j on focaslon poured out unstlntedlj our lood and treasure lo sustain I am not unmindful that not un-'reguentlv, un-'reguentlv, certainly in the past, the jreat and small heads of DurOpe! toten with high honors and respect I ,ml with soft word? and sweet, those f us win. trav.-l amongst I hem; thev aik about our spirit, our mortality, ur humanity; nor do I Ignore tlio lftimes mighty influence of such sub-:le sub-:le propaganda amongst us. But this is but the airj persiflage of social intercourse When Europe talks business busi-ness to us or among themselves, it Is gold and bone and muscle they ask us to furnish, not low of humanity. SO Bsi for SUGGESTION. our leaguers never tire of telling us that everything would have been well had we been in the league But on What can thev base such suggestion'.' Would our presence have enlarged the purposes of the leugue as defined by Baifour-and Lloyd George? Do not for a moment believe that Britain and France and Ilalv Intend to do. or will do, anything else than Lloyd George so i ooly anil candidly anid thev woulu do. namely, run Kurcpe throueh rh supreme council. Would our moral for. c- whatever thut Is have been any greater mere-ly mere-ly because we were a league member'.' mem-ber'.' Have we noi halted war ami - makers have w not mourned for ours and Europe's dead! have we not grieved for Europe's misery, and pestilence, pesti-lence, have we noi aided h-r in ! i Starvation to the practical limit of our resources? Hat not evars fibre of our moral being In u strained to th" utmost In Kurope's nehalf ' Has Mr. Wilson not actually Intervened, and repcatedlj Intervened in European affairs af-fairs thru interested him, durfni the whole of this time with every force, moral or otherwise, which he po-se-scd ? What moral force is there that w-e could exercise being In the league, that we have not exercised being out of the league" J,et th leaguers answer ? Now, fellow eitizens. the only force we have not used in ESUVOPO, is tin-force tin-force of the boilles of vmir young sons, rind thai is I he only effective force we have to give is the onlv force the three members ot the supreme council cither ,seek or desire, arid that force you will soon furnish if We Join this league Give Lloyd 0eorge and Mlllerand ami Nittl or Orlando our millions of stalwart yourfg American Ameri-can manhood, o shuffle and plav wiih on the battlt groUnds of Europe and Europe will have ,,n armed lcs maintained by American sentries it every cros road, at the door of every royal household In Km rope. wbll. they use their forces holding fast to their war spoils. Then ull will be beautiful, all hope, all cheerfulness In 'Europe bul there will be mourning in our land, from hundreds of thousands of mothers whose sons have pur h i- rj Burope'f armed peace with th. ir m. - Arc you going to vol. for a man who, Ii elected, ivlll put this league info operation without .1- Ml IVIlson says a single change in either the wording or the punctuation," 01 tri vou going to vote for a man who wm set that America remains master of her own fortunes, free to i hoose her own obligations, m prescribe her- own duties, to direct Ii i own forces aa lo her shall at tb, time seem fit and proper, and m accordance with ihe principles of eternal ight Are you going lo vote y send to the Senate B man who stands lot this whole loathsome covenant, "without .1 Single i hang! In either the wording or th, punctuation,' if his part) bOSS tells him so to vote for it Or are voir going to return to the senate u mun who has shown bv his every action In the serial,', that he stands for America rust, with Its liberties, lib-erties, ils fie,, institutions, it i;.,,j-insplrcd i;.,,j-insplrcd constitution; who hi shown DJ his uetlon that no matter how covert or insidious the Influent e otherwise, other-wise, yet he has the frnc courage, the wisdom, the vision, and the Integrlt to withstand it all. and to vote for the preservation to you and to vour posterity of ihe great blessings which Uod has given you under and through our constitution Sehatoi Reed Xmoot? Bepublicans all. no matter how we niay have differed in the past, there Is but one answer fe thi.s question lour principles, your traditions vour IndealS, your lov. of countrv ihe eery safety of your bonus and vont familv all d. mand that you return Reed Btnoot to the senate of the United States. 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