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Show Death Calls Great Steel Magnate I Railroacl Control Plan Is Roundly Denounced I 1 1 Aged Steel King Succumbs to Bronchial Pneu- monia at 7 o'CIock This Morning at "Shadow I Brook" Remarkable Career of Scotch I Philanthropist Ends Suddenly Daughter Un-I Un-I able to Reach Bedside Before Death Came.' I LENOX. Mass. Aug. 11 Andrew 1 Carnegie, steel magnate and puilan-( puilan-( thropist. died at his Lenox summer home. "Shadow Brook." at 7.10 this morning after an illness of less than three days with bronchial pneumonia. So sudden was his death thai his 3 daughter, aLth. Boswell .Miller, was un-v un-v able to get to her father's bedside be-' be-' for he died His wife and private i sec retar were wilh him at the end. ML Carnegie had spent part of the e ; summer at Lenox coming earl in i f May and up in a few weeks ago oti-, oti-, Joyed himself in fishing trips on Lake Mahkemac, which borders hi- big I "Shadow Brook" estate and In riding ! , abour his grounds. He was taken ill Friday and grew steadily Worse His advanced agi nd I essened power-- of resistance hasten-i hasten-i ed the end. i Mr. Carnegie came to Lenox to make his home in May, 1917 and has spent I the last three summer here. He-jn I tended to spend h..- de lining days at his country home here and when he Hhought it an announcement was made I that Mr Carnegie would .-pnd all of M the spring and summer months there. F He came up from New York late in 1 May this year. Mr. Carnegie leaves his widow, who I was Mi-s Louise Whitefield of New I York. nrl his daughter, Margaret, w ho I was married l.i.-t April to Ensign Kos-Irwell Kos-Irwell Miller of New York. Rice Against Time. Andrew Carnegie began a race , against nme when, in 1901, at the ace! I of slxtj five, h- resolved to give awaj his cnormou- lortune. He held It 'disgraceful" 'dis-graceful" ;or a man to keep on gather-! in? idle million In the comparative-! ly few years which the actuary could! allow him. he would disembarrass hiu.-i laelf of practical! all he had. No man1 I had ever launched a philanthropic campaign of uch dimensions HIb was then a fortune of Just about i I a quarter billion dollars, the largest I ever acquired by a foreign-born Amen- can, second only to thr John p. Rot kt . feller wealth as the largest Individual accumulation in the 1'nlted State-. and, built, as it was, of five per cent I steel bonds, it would, wdthoul bo much i as turning over one's hand, have ap proached half a billion by the time Cargenie could calL himself an dcto-geuanan dcto-geuanan un Nmcinbcr 1;, 1915. To gnc Uua atuptoiioos uum away, ; ir. about, half the time he had taken ' to gather it, way a purpose Carnegie t sad fairly well fulfilled when death overtook him today He had dlstribut-l ed about $300,000,000. It was giving I money away at (he rate 0f over $20, t 000,000 a jear, or more than 150,000 a day He declared, when he gave up gathering gath-ering wealth and announced an era oi Distribution, that he expectd to fine lit more difficult to' give his millions i away than it had been to acquire them "How would you give 1300,000,- 000 away?" became such a popular I query that an English advertiser who I employed it, received no less than 4F,-t 4F,-t 000 suggestions as to how Carnegie Liquid rifJ himself of his wealth. Twelve thousand persona solved the! f problem In part by asking for some of the money for themselves. The answers which Carnegie him-I him-I jelf gave and backed up with his niil-l niil-l lions havo made him the most origin. tl I if not the greatest of philanthropists. Before he sailed for Scotland in 1901 I he left letters annount in? gifts ol F W.000,000. His first big gift was the I sotting aside of $4,000,000 to supply Pensions and reliei tor the injured and I aPed employes of his steel plants "an P acknowledgement of the deep debt P Vrhicb I owe to the workmen who have I contributed so greatly to my success." file added an extra, million for the sup I BOrt of llbrarleg for bis workmen, and ftook up his library hobby in a whole-j ewe way by sivum ?:.,20ii.i.hk to New ork City for the erection of Sixty-Hve Sixty-Hve branch libraries in hr metropolis. I I ' .Another million he gave for a library iin St Louis. $53,000,000 In Libraries. "I have just begun to give money away," he said, in announcement of 'these gifts. Ho kept it up as fast as he could with discrimination On libraries li-braries alone he spent upwards of $5. - I ckiu.ikiO. He cave them to some two thousand English speaking communt I ties throughout Hie world One of his libraries Is in the Fiji Islands. He remen-bercd Pittsburgh, th- cene of his steel-making triumphs, j by establishing there a great institute, Including the largest of his libraries, a ! museum, a magnificent concert hall. land the Carnegie technological 'schools, with a total endowment of I $16,000,000. He buil; a great national institution Iin Washington. hich should be th; I fountain-head of advanced work in "in ! v estimation, research and discovery." and placed in the hands of its trustees a total endowment of some $20,000,- 000. Aids Universities. To his native Scotland his largest Single gift was a fund of $lti,ii(iii,0itii to aid education in Scottish universi-I universi-I ties. I He carried out his pet idea of i Hero I ommission, endowed in 190 with $5,000,000 by which hundreds of j men, women and children have been j rewarded with Carnegie medals or pensions for acts of heroism in the rescue of imperilled persons He later extended similar benefaqtlone to sev rai ioreign countries He established the Carnegie Foundation Foun-dation for the Advancemenl of Teaching, Teach-ing, with a toial fund of $15,000,001 w hich has taken up efficiency survey -i of educational work, aided many in Stitutlons, and pro, ided pensions for college professors In 1911 he capitalized capi-talized his educational benevolence, so that his gilts to libraries colleges and other Institutions should live al ter him. by establishinc the Carnegie Corporation with a fund of $2.".,ii00,00t"i Against All Wars. one of his late.-t and Ereatest ideals was the abolition of war, a hope that he cherished in the face of international interna-tional (.ouillets. He gave JlO.OOO.OOu toward an lnernatlonal peace fund, and built the Peace Palace at I lie Hague, which was dedicated in 1918. He gave $750,000 for the Bureau cf American Republics at Washington Gave Pipe Organ. His love of music moved him to rquip hundreds of Churches ,r,d lpM. tu Hon.- with pipe organs. He never gave directly any large sum tu tc.. tous purposes t'1" his organ mis he said he would hold himself responsible for what the organ pealed forth on the Sabbath, hut not for what might be said in the pulpit. One of his very earliest gifts, as far back as 1891, was the Carnegie Music Hall in New York, at a cost of $2,000,000, and as president presi-dent of the New York Philharmonic society he spent his money llberallv in furthering Its ideals He also liber ally backed the Pittsburgh orchestra. Ao the allied engineers societies he game $2,000,000. His small gifts to colleges amounted to some $20,000,-000 $20,000,-000 No man left at his death such-an unique and such a scattered series of monuments to perpetuate his memorv. Given to Scotch Thrift, In the background of these fifteen years of philanthropy there is the lamiltar story of Srotrh thrift, a Utile luck, and steel, which made such generosity gen-erosity possible. Carnegie, was fpnd of telling the story himself. Rapidly covered it was this: His first penny ho earned unexpectedly unex-pectedly as a child when he astonished aston-ished his schoolmaster In Dunfermline by reciting Burns' long poem, "Man Was Made to Mourn," without a break There is an anecdote of how, when asked In Sunday school to recite a proverb from Seripiure, the young Scot unwittingly forecast his own for-tUne for-tUne by giving tb homely advice "Look after the pence and the pounds will take care of themselves." Father a Weaver. Andrew was 12 when his father, a master weaver, was brought almost to destitution The steam looms drove him out of business. The family numbered num-bered four, including "Andy" and his younger brother William The paren's decided to emigrate to America, whence some relatives had proceeded them with success. They settled at Allegheny C.)ty. Pa., across the river from Pittsburgh, in 1 S 4 R . The father and Andrew found work in a cdtton factory, the son as bobbin hoy It was his first, wok. The salary' was $1.20 a week. He was soon promoted, at a slight advance, to engineer's assistant. assist-ant. He stoked tho hollers and ran the engine in the factory cellar In those dingy quarters whre he worked twelve hours a day, came th" inspiration that later led to his library benefactions, he said. A Colonel Anderson, An-derson, possessed of some 400 books, announeed he would open his library every week end and allow bovs to bor row any books they pleased. Carnegie was one of the most eager readers )nly he who has longed as I did for Saturdays to come," he has said, "can understand what Colonel Ander son did for me and other boys of Allegheny. Alle-gheny. It is any wonder that I re-, solved, if ever surplus wealth came 10 1 me, I would use it imitating my benr-l h ctor?" Becomes an Operator. I At 14 Carnegie emerged from the I engine cellar and became a telegraph messenger J Douglas Reld. a Dun-fennllne Dun-fennllne man, who had come to Amor-It Amor-It a early, was head of the office and made Andrew his protege. Telegraphy was then almost a new thing. Nobody No-body ventured to read the dots and dashes by sound. They were all impressed im-pressed on tape, Carnegie is said to have been the third operator in the l'nited Slates to accomplish the f t of reading messages by sound alone He practised mornings before the regular reg-ular operators came around. "One day a death message signal I came," he has related, "before the operators op-erators arrived." 'In those days death messages were the most Importan1 messages we handled. I ventured to tL'ke this one." He did it correctly and delivered the telegram before the regular force was on duty at all It won him promotion to the key and sounder. When the Pennsylvania railroad put up a telegraph tele-graph wire of jt.- own he became clerk under Divisional Superintendent fhorna- Scott His salary jumped to $.35 a month "Mr Scott," he observed, ob-served, "was then receiving $125 i j month, and I used to wonder what oil earth he cotlld do with so much i raone Andrew was Id when his father died, and he became at once the breadwln-ner breadwln-ner for the family and a tru capitalist. capital-ist. He had been told b his trusted employer that ten share- n Adam I 1 xpress stock could be had for $500, and it was a good investment. At a family council that night, Carnegle'f mother decided she would mortgage h r little home for $500 The stock was bought, and it brought montblv dividends one per cent First Ten-Dollar Dividend. "I can see that first ehe k of ten dollars dividend money now," he said when be became a retired ironmaster with millions. "I was something new I 'o all of us, for none of us had ever reerived anything hut from toll " The next step toward independence and fortune came when T. T. Wood-ruff Wood-ruff the Inventor ( the sleeping car, l approached him with a model 0( the Invention 1 He had not spoken to me a minute,' Carnegie has since re-called, re-called, "before, like a flash, the whole -range of it. value hurst upon me. Yes,' I said 'that is something which this continent must have.' " He consulted Scott, and the three Invested for the manufacture of the ears. Carnegie, then earning 50 a month, had to borrow $l':iii ,is his fir.- installment of capital, hut later when he sold out his interest to the Pullman company he had realized $10,000 for the venture. ' Carnegie was 36 when the Civil war broke out and he saw his old emplo er and friend, Scott, elevated to lhe post of assistant secretary of war Carnegie In turn won an appointment as director of government railways and telegraphs. To the carnage he saw at several battles may bo traced his lifelong belief In the folly of war-faro war-faro "a blot upon civilization." Invests in " Oil. Unwitting following the lead of a man who was later to eclipse him in fortune building. Carnegie, at 30 years of age, invested in oil As one of a syndicate he bought up a vast trace of oil land. In a year, to the surprise of all the investors, it paid the astonishing return of $1,000,000 in cash dividends upon a capital of $40,-000. $40,-000. But Iron was the magnet then attracting at-tracting Carnegie. Tho railroads were i experimenting with cast iron bridges Carnegie forcaw the demand for a factory that could turn out the iron parts, and ho formed a Keystone Bridge V orks They built, as their first great piece, a bridge over the Ohio river, with a span of TOO feet. Demand for similar structures became general, and the Keystone works got the big orders and profits. (Continued On Page C) Andrew Carnegie Dies at Summer Home in Lenox (I'ontlnued From Page i) araegle then began to see that iron rails must be given up for steel On a visit to England in he dis covered the success being obtained there with Ihe Bessemer process. Carnegie quietly brought it home, and before the English makers were aware ! of the fad, he had adopted it in his; mills. Leading Producer of Steel The romance of his success was such that tho Immigrant boy of Is" became some 40 years later tho worlds leading producer of steel a multi-millionaire himself, nnd fast bringing a score of other men into the same category. Nfan square miles of his mills surrounded Pitta burg. He reached into Upper Miehi-j fan, 700 miles way, and acquired vast regions of ore land He establish) d railway and steamship lines to hrln;: ! the ore io him He boa. led of the reduction in price of steel rails from 96 a ton down to $25. His critics elaimed that even the lower figure, W8S maintained only by the fact that be had monopolized the Industry. A former secretary once divulged what was alleged to have been official correspondence cor-respondence to the effect lhat tho Carnegie ste-l combination could s ll rails at a profit as low as $12 8 ton. It wa6 certain that the grip which he bad upon Ihe steel situation made his elimination necessary if others In quest of wealth In steel were to realize the millions they saw going to him. he was accordingly brought out in 1901. The syndicate headed by ' P Morgan, vim h desired to form the billion-dollar United States steel corporation, cor-poration, paid $420,000,000 in their five per cent bonds for the Carnegie company s holdings, Sells Out Foolishly. ' What a fool I. was' Carnegie later said in a hearing before a congressional congression-al committee at Washington, "to sell out to tho steel corporation for only $20,000, 000 I have since learned from the inside that I could have received I $100,000,000 more from Mr. Morgan ir I we had placed that value on our prop erties." Carnegie's personal share in these holdines netted him about $250.-000,000. $250.-000,000. His first actual investment iM nun had been S1.'0 of borrowed money, 36 years before. "The secret and method of my success suc-cess is simple." he said. I organized my business into departments. I put the best man I could find at the head of each department, held him responsible responsi-ble and judged him by results. I hae started more than fifty men on the road to millionaires." Mother Given Credit Carnegie's mother, to whom he repeatedly re-peatedly gave credit for all that he was, lived to be an octogenarian, and so devoted w-as he to her that he resl-tatpd resl-tatpd to marry. In 1888, however, he married Louise Whltefield. of New York, h whom he had one child, a daughter, Margaret, born in 1897. His bride was twenty years his junior. To her and her daughter probably remains re-mains a large fortune, notwithstanding notwithstand-ing Carnegie's public gifls Builds Magnificent Home As an American citizen he established estab-lished a magnificent homo in New York, on Fifth avenue at Nlntleth street, and at the same time negotiated negoti-ated the purchase of the celebrated Sklbo Castle In Scotland. This mammoth mam-moth baronial structure he remodeled, bring some steel for the purpose from Pittsburg. The estate, comprising many square miles along the highland coast of Scotland, has excellent grouse moors, and fishing brooks, In which Carnegie delighted; a golf links which he established, and a pier off which he kept his yacht, Seabreeze. Sea-breeze. One way or another he had crossed the ocean some hundred times, and once took a tour around the world. One his Skibo Ostle flag staff he flew both the Stars and Stripes and the Union Jack sewed together. Carnegie Writes Books. Intermittently, Carnegie made ready use of his pen. His interviews witn the newspaper men Invariably wound up with an envious remark such as, "I would like nothing better than to be a reporter." He wrote a little for the press in the days of Horace Orse ley, and later owned a paper for a time His books numbrrcd about a dozen, his first being a testimony io his love of coaching "An American Four-in-Hand in Great Britain" (1883). The next year he wrote "Around the World " Then. ' Triumphant Democracy" Democ-racy" a review of 50 years of the republic. Upon his retirement from business in 1901, he wrote "The Gospel of Wealth." and followed it with "The Empire of Business." In 1905 he, once an engineer in the factory fac-tory eella., wrote "The Life of James Watt," the inventor of the steam engine en-gine His most recent work was "Problems of Today " The attacks upon Carnegie were at one time numerous. He was often accused of having violated in practice what he had so conspicuously preached in theory, regarding labor. I He saw the development of worklng-men'u worklng-men'u unions and sometimes WSJ forced to concede their demands, lie himself claimed to have always maintained main-tained a relatively higher wage in hi.i mills than any other manufacturer. His theory on this subject and others, is reflected lo random in numerous num-erous bits of epigramis phraseology culled from his interviews, speeches, and writings. " i he instinct which led the slave holder to keep his slave in ignorane w;is a true one Lducate man, and his shackles fall," he said. Thrce-Legged Stool. "Labor, capital and business abilitv are the three legs of a three-legged stool, neither is second, neither is third, there is no precedence, all bring br-ing equally necessary. He who would .sw discord among the three is an enemy en-emy to all." "The day Is coming and alread sra see it dawn, in which the man who dies possessed of millions of available avail-able wealth which was free and in his hands ready to be distributed, will dn disgrae.'d.' And along the same line he said: "Among the saddest of all spectacles to me is that of an elderly man oceu-Ping oceu-Ping his last vears grasping for more dollars." Pertaining to success: "Immense power is acquired by assuring yoursell in your secret reveries that you wero born to control affairs." Of the overworking tendency In America: "I hope Americans will some day find more time for play, like their wiser brethren on the other side." On temperance: "The first and most seductive peril, and the destroy-er destroy-er of most young men, is the drinking of liquor." (Mr. Carnegie himself was a total abstainer, and gave his employes em-ployes at Skibo Castle a ten per cent advance on their wages every year they reported that they had not touched liquor.) ills terse eomment on such subjects and others without end poverty as a spur to success mother love business busi-ness organization good reading home making and peace he has I scattered through his hooks, even more widely than his princely gifts There are two Carnegie "gifts" which will be generally forgotten, since they were never accepted. It was reported that his anti-imperialism prompted him to offer 2r,.00iO00 to the United States government if it would turn over the Philippines to the natives for self-government Iater when the question of "What shall we do with our ex-presidents1" was wlde-lv wlde-lv discussed. Carnegie's imagination solved the problem. He offered to support them on a J2",000 pension every' year 60 long as they lived, and do the same for their widows so lone as they remained unmarneo. i ne proposition was frowned upon, and dropped. NO EFFECT ON MARKET. NEW YORK, Aug. 11. The sudden death of Andrew Carnegie apparently had little effect upon the stock market. The common stock of the United States Steel corporation, of whloh tho Carnegie companies formed an lmpor-, tant part, lagged behind the general list but it was declared in well-in-formed quarters that Mr. Carnegie's holding In the corporation were limited limit-ed to first mortgage bonds. Tribute to Dead Magnate PITTSBURGH, Pa., Aug. 11 This City, where Andrew Carnegie laid the foundation for his vast fortune in Hie j steel business today paid tribute to the j dead magnate. Immediately after receiving re-ceiving the Associated Press dispatch announcing Mr Carnegie s death.! M or L V. Babeoek ordered all I lag-In lag-In Pittsburg lowered to half mast At the Carnegie Institute the scene of one I of his philanthropic works, plans were! made to drape the buildings with crepe in respect to the benefactor. News of Mr. Carnegie s sudden death at Lenox spread rupidh through the city. At the sleel mills Which hear his name, preparations were made lo suspend work and institutions in which he was interested planned sini liar action. tat Social Affair NEW YRK. Aug 11 The marriage of Mr. Carnegie's only daughter, Mar-!g:irei. Mar-!g:irei. on April 23, to Ensign Roswell Miller, U. S. N., was the last social affair ih" SgOd philanthropist and peace advocate attended. The ceremony cere-mony was performed at Mr Carnegie's lown housi , the bride standing in a floral bower wiili Scotch bagpipes playing in accordance with her fatht ra wish. It was said at the time of the wedding wed-ding that after the honeymoon. Mr. Miller and his bride would go to Princeton, N J.. where he would com-plete com-plete his studies before entering upon a professional career The former Miss Carnegie, heiress of her father's millions, is 22 vars old Her husband is two years her senior. Death A Shock NEW YORK, Aug. 11 Although Mr. Carnegie, who was in his eight y-fourth y-fourth year, had been an invalid since 1917, when he Buffered an attack of grippe. tn news of his death was a Shock to Old friends and business Bfl-sociates Bfl-sociates here. Sinco his previous serious ser-ious illness he had been under the care of two nurses. Identified so long with the International Interna-tional peace movement, Mr. Carnegie v;is said to have been more severely affected bj 'he world war than most men. It came as a hard blow to him md the cause which he had so close at . heart. Owing to his ill-health, Mr. Carnegie for some time had led a secluded life, and his withdrawal from all public ac-tivities ac-tivities gave rise to frequent state-! ments concerning his health. After his retirement he was compelled to limit the number of his dailv visitors and until his last illness he mel and spoke w ith only a few of his oldest and closest clos-est friends. Mr. Carnegies physicians decided he frequently overtaxed his strength by seeing all callers at his Fifth aenue home here. Refuge at Shadow Brook Two years igo Mr Carnegie found a refuge at Shadow Brook, his new summer home at Lenox, which he pur chased from the estate of Anson j Phelps-Stokes. It was the first eoun-'j try place owned here by the former steel master. Previously he had spent his vacations at Skibo castle, at Dum-fernllne, Dum-fernllne, In Scotland When he pur , ehased the Lenox property it was announced an-nounced that neither he nor nny member mem-ber of his famil probably would evi r again visit Skibo because (,i , hanges, physical and sentimental, caused b ihe war. Mr. Came-ie was the holder nf many honors and decorations bestowed bestow-ed upon him b rulers and peoples all over the world As a result of his benefactions abroad the freedom of fifty four cities in Great Britain and Ireland Altogether he endowed three thousand municipal libraries in the United States in addition to his other numerous philanlhrople enterprises. ; tord Director of University He was lord direetor of St Andv v. ;universit from 100. lo 1907. of Aberdeen Aber-deen university from 1912 lo 1911 and held the honorary degree ot doctor of laws from the Universities of Glasgow Glas-gow Edinburgh, Birmingham, Manchester, Man-chester, McQill, Brown. Pennsylvania. I ' i rn 1 1 and other American colleges.1 Mr CarnOgie was a .member of num- j erous philosophical, civic and sclenti- , fit bodies, among thi m the American ; Institute of Architects, the American Institute oi Mechanical Engineer- the I American Institute of Mining Engi neers. the National Civic Federation, the American Philosophic society and the New York chamber of commerce. He was a commander of the Legion of Honor of France and had also received re-ceived the Grand Crosses, Order of I Orange, Nassau and the Order of Danebrogh He was a member of the I Union League New York Yacht, Au-' Au-' thors, Lotus, St Andrew Riding and the Indian Harbor Yacht club. |