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Show TEACHING ffie MOBDS MODERN 5U5INESS ' jg.- METHODS I Ma,or John P. Finley s Nine Year Labor of"! : Instructing Savages How to Replace Slaughter J " and Brigandage by Civilized Methods of Sale i j J jNhUnd Exchange Used New York Produce kyfMm, j CtjffiAcS Exchange as Model. JMMt&J tfvrTrlehi. If 12. hr tnoNeir York Herald Co. All nrbis ro-erv.-d I w- LL kinds of things follon the 1 fins " says the Sultan in "The & Sultan of Suln, ' referring to the American i o ktail, hut p he litilc kucw how prophcti- w calls 'in spoke. The const!-1 tution nnil the missionary have joined in! thia ' folio iv ou' movement, but it i safel to say (hnt the members of the New York Produce Exchange are not nwarc! that their institution has been set up in miniature in a wild country to tench the savages how to become honest citizens. The originator and executor of tliis ! happy plan is Major John P Finley, of the Tw enty-eighth infantry, United States Army why in 1903 was made District Dis-trict Governor of tho District of Kambo-f Kambo-f anga, in the Phiiippinc Islands, under I Major General Leonard W ood, as Gov-pj Gov-pj ernor of the Moro Province. Major Finley nine years ago found n race of brown Moh.i mint dans who from time iuimemoria! had led a feudal ex-l ex-l isteuce under their headmen or da t toes, I a fierce, warlike race, wildly fanatical, I living by pillage, rapine, piracy aud niur- der unvnjucri-d y Spain and equally quite unwilling to it-ld to the benignant I'm midi. l v lie left a willing and contented people. who had changed their ways to those of commerce and trad-, who had given up I Voluntarily tin ir arms aud v en pi a. ul pursuing the course be bad mappi i out I for them. In other (lands of the archipelago archi-pelago amis, (he Celebes Sea, in Jolo, where the Sultan of Suln is a nonentity, even in other si righting and l..-.o.j-h- ' nr.' a weekly oeciirrTM lu far as the in-I in-I fluence of the Moro Exchanges extends peace reigus. We read more or less about the disarma-I disarma-I ment of th-' Moros that is now oiu? on.j Tsually a Moro gives up his arms win n i . : he dies not before. That is bow d ost of the Moros are being disarmed now. The 1 carry in 2 of arms l.i I een a custom for I generations, aud tbi Moros sacrifice enor- I mo us sums for firearms and ammunition' ' because of the inherited influence oi thej . , old warrior clans that measured tin- .piaii-l. .piaii-l. fications of tank and leadership L lie- numhr oi weapons possessed. In the I early davs the chief or dHtto used always to display hi weapons where every om K could observe the sisc nnd strength i 2 arsenal aud gauge hid obeisance and subs'; sub-s'; mission accordingly. Governor Finley's Problems Now, firearms iu the bands of a Mohani- medan Moro, whose religion teaches him 3 that for every Christian he kills he gets a little higher place in heaven, do not eou-duc eou-duc to pcai fulness and quiet, unguarded sleep on ihe part of those Americans I Iw-ho.sc duty has taken (hem to the Phil-' Phil-' ippine Islands. Hen, . the standing orders t for general disarmament that are now : being carried out with much bloodshed elsewhere in the archipelago but which have long since been carried out in Gov-1 Gov-1 ernor Finley t district through the exer- ciso of much reason and tact, a great deal I of sympathy and some force when it was I needed So much so that Governor Fln-i Fln-i ley has taken personally or through his influence, in-fluence, or h Ihe troops under his com-'J com-'J maul, 3ij0 Moro kanakas, or cannon. -t.O'O weui'Uis of all torts nod 3,5UU pounds of animuuitiou. When Majoi Finley assumed his duties as Governor, with a detachment of the T army behind him, he started iu to study I his people. He found ihein vigorous. I stalwart, full blooded men, wnh a passion for lighting, aud that, at least, wus to J liim a point iu their fa v or V:th teeth tiled to points aud with the red juice ui the betel nut, which they constantly chew, flowing from their lip-, they were scarcely a prepossessing people to , 9 hands with, but tlut is w hat t inky 4 6larted out to do. lie felt that if he could get their point of view, gei iuto tneir pjsj skins, s.. to speak, he mighl find a . ij o exercise an influence over them greater even than ibat of bullets or bayonets. ?9 Seven: I things favored Fiuley ut Ihe Jjfj ouis-i. The M-.ro ,y a "first class fight in djju," and he respects a foemau bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbVsbbbEt&s 1 I, ' A Conference with the Moros. Governor Finley at Left General Leonard Wood ia Centre. j worthy of his I, a long aud spear. He has little or Do use for a weakling. Finley happens io be ix feci and several I I inches. That helped a lot Then theyj (discovered that his two hundred and Gftv I I POUUUS was not fat, but good clean, DIUSCle, as several could testify. The Moros are good sued men. but not as largo i thai Then they discovered that on the march he could outlast them all.' jas welj as bis own men. When a little! later, unlike other American officers, be' 'mingled freely among them iu their campsj I unarmed and uuguarded. tb.-y ronnd that' he had no fear of them, and they began to make a kind of god of him, ami his battle was half w.-n. Those excursion of hi int.. ih- Moro camps uu armed and accompanied only by an interpreter were looked on ,li'n a suicidal by his associates and prcdeces- ors, though it is now said that he hears "a "-harmed life." but i hey were the foundation of the influence that grew into the development of what is a unique as well as probably the most siieeesKfu! experiment in civilizing a savage people that the world has seen. "See here." he said to a group of BtlOrOS one day, "what do you fellows mean by going out and helping yOUraelrea to vrhal your neighbor has and killing him if be objects'.'" "But we need it." they answered, "Well, hut that's no kind of a way to I... it make you robbers ami murderers and pirates, and that kind of thing. You oubt to do better." ''All right," they aid. "Show us a better way " And that was a po r. 1 1 r were a people who held human life so cheaph that one could be compensated for wi;h a half a dozen brass trays. Murder meant nothing in particular to them Rdbberj merely meant that some other fellow had something (bat you wanted and ou took it if you were strong enough. The hill tribes wauled llsh, so tbey came down and hung their fruits and vegetables vegeta-bles uu trees where the shore men could yet luem and leave fish in their place if they felt so inclined, but that was thij extent to which commerce had gone. And, as with us, this developed (he mid dleman ae who would neither fish for iHUiM.ll nor gather fruita for himself, but lay iu wait in the grass nnd took the labor of both. It tvas rather a bad situation situ-ation that Finley had to solve, and his lirst idea ..-. oring all his people loir lo-ir i tier for a conference, j This was arranged, and uuder a kind of temporary truce the tribes gathered. 1 Bui no OOUlerOBCS developed. Instead of I exchanging ideas tbey exchiiuge-d black j looks, and half drawn weapons were in evidence on all sides What was the j reason ? It presently developed that two generations ago this datto's grandfather 'had descended upon that dalto's grandfather grand-father with a superior force aud helped 'hiuittlf to six carabxo, the draught cattle Hero then tile shore men could brins , their lish to sell to the" hill men. and the hill men could sell their fruits to the shore men. To tbein were added the m:ikers of embroideries, wonderfully skilled -workers in a barbaric way, and the beaters of brass, as well as the makers of musical instruments, tomtoms and the like, while some evcB) took t,, sell- ( in their arms for cash. All trading was done for cash; uouc for bailor Board was paid and commissions commis-sions exact-l. while scrupulous care was 'taken that all trading should be fair aud above board. So great had Finley's in- JlnenCfl become while the exchange buildings were in proccx-s of construction, and so great was the? love he had inspired, in-spired, that when, impatient at delay, he 'look up tools to work himself along with these Moros, who are traditionally sup-! posed to be opposed to manual labor, they iook the toob lrom him, saying: -"The I little father mnsf- it work with hi hands. We will work." The day of the opening r,r fte echangc ( was n gala day in .amUnnsa. From all sides the tribes eame in to watch the Innovation. In-novation. Bands played. nI1.l behind (he tbands United States cavalry sat with, j rifles ready. Hut tbey were not needed and the I ratline that was peacefully begun be-gun that day ha contjnifed, for niue years. , The hrs-t year tlio total sale.; were LMfi r") pesos, equivalent to $120,000 nnd these' have steadily increased, until last ypar thirty-two branch exchanges had been opened and successfully conducted Governor Finiey nd General Wo xj Apprc:ichin2: Daito Mustafa's Fort for Conference Hr of the Philippines. That datto romem bj red it auil was waiting only to get i sufficient force together i return tbi compliment and collect the debt with In terest. And so on around the circle then wen- debts to he paid. Every man was i surly creditor and every man was I debtor not anxious to pay. a situatioi hardly OOpducive to friendly feeling. Then it ws that Finley had his firsi bright idea -the idea that grew into tin Moro exchange system that has eon quered ibat part of the Moro people. Be 'dining all these claims to writing, am! comparing them, he found that tho re spec! he claims so offset each othei 'around the circle that one carabao woulc ch ar them all. He provided the carabao and after sonic difficulty of explauatioi: made them see that all their claims hail been paid and that grudges should nc louger exist. The Industrial Exchange. "W hat are J'OU 'oin to give us betlei than our present and pleasant system ol killing and robbing ea h other" was tin ' insistent quesiiou that Finley had n answer. The BJUWer Was the establishment ol I the Moro Exchange, modelled as oloaeb I on the lines of the New York Product I Exchange a the conditions would permit Finley could not explain to these OOopU i t what a corporation ivas, but they 00k him on faith. II has been said the Moro will not work, aud yet these Moros. under Kinley's in-iluencc. in-iluencc. worked to erect the exchange, lu SSamboangn was constructed the main buildiog of the exchange, with its many booths for the sale of produce and goods. Near by were the kitchens aud beyond 1 these a lodging house for the members of the exchange, the whole surrounded by a stroug stockude to protect the traders from attack by the piratical irrcvoncil-1 irrcvoncil-1 ables. A lodging hou.se was accessary so ' that the traders frum the hill tribes could I remain over night rather than be forced ' lo dispose of their produce and goods at a sacrifice Ions before dark in order to be I safely away mlo the mounlaius before lltao) could be attacked. I throughout the district. Thr volume of business has reached as Inch a- SMhumhi In a single year, while (lie total aggregate has been about $2,000,000! Though tae ribald may say that the ways and methods of the territory lying contiguous to Wall street are not much of an improvement over the savage piracy of (be Celebes the fact remains that in nil of the Moro country outside of Ihe influence of Finlay and his Moro ex changes, lighting is siill coin- on in an $ j Main Entrance of the Zamboaga Exchange, Showing Stockade effort lo diwrm the Moros Within that sphere of inllueuce peace reigns and the onetime savages have no Use for their amis When former Secretary ol War Dickinson visited Zamboauga, in 1010, he was surprised aud staggered by a reception re-ception from the leading Mores when they tented a petiUou to him asking that if. in the future, indepeuder.ee be granted io the entire Philippine Islands, the Inland of Mindanao, on which Zam boanga is situated, be annexed to' the United States. This is the story of the establishment ..i a produce exchange among the savage Moros, and it is the story of Finley g great accomplishment boa,i" bi sword into a ploughshare. Our friends, tho Japanese, who have a similar prvb- '-ra lo fare in Formosa, hav paid us thej compliment to send representative foj studj the working 0f th plan with a viw to is adoption by themselves, To-day the exchanges e.ist under (Ik-Uamo (Ik-Uamo of Trading Kiationx. and govern- i ment appropriations, for y-ar withheld are now available. .Rut Finley has I Q sent for lo fll the administration the inside in-side story I lint will lead to future fnrihT development. His work was begun under un-der Mnjor fienentl Wood; now chief of staff. Without (general Wood, his Infln-. Infln-. nci and his encouragement, Finley says, the work eould never have han augurated or consummated. The Governor s Military Tactics The other story may only he touched upon here That is the story of Finley in his military capacity, for nor all ibo Moros have been amenable lo reason, and it has been necessary at times for him lo lay aside kindlings and use power. In the district of Ehtpitah, for Instance, sev-, ' ral fanatical leaders aroused the peace-' fnl people ro leave their farms and take , what our North American Indians would -j jovernor Finley and Moro Dat-os Dat-os at the Convention of 1911, Ahen the Title of "Tuan Mas" Was Conferred. iranch Moro Exchange at Mar-gosatublg. Mar-gosatublg. call ' the war path." After sevtra! c-m-He-;-, resulting in many killed and WOUlidcl. I.ut wilboilt sueei-Hsfill isue. Finley was ordered into the tield. tils I instructions to his u-oop were chaaacter-j chaaacter-j iatk Without meaning to riuote bim exactly, ex-actly, these instructions were "An arnn a i quick march scutters consternaiion. Uur mission i to reslore peOOt. There-tore, There-tore, we will move slowly and scalier t-ontid -nee instead of consternation. Our' :iii:,.n is not to kill but to return these pei.pi.- to their farmed' Tn ti;y thousand savages were re-j mrnej to their labor without bloodshed' or the loss of a life Confidence was re- Htorcd. Incidentally the ringleadera were captured and executed, for ih.u hainl of jl'iiiley.s that ihe natives surreptitiously, kiss a he pass, s can fall heavily upon the persistently irreconcilable outlaw. There is another Story about Fiuley; that ought to have a page by itself, lu be ear lief days of the exchanges, ay in 1004, there a one laiio. Sali Mustafa by name, who did not lake kindly to the, new regime inaugurated by the Gov- ernor. Dntto Mustafa was :t brother ofi the head of the powerful 'family of Coto-bato Coto-bato Moros, and he preferred the oldj warring method, the robbery and pillage, t the old regime and the pleasant pasiiuie! '1 trading iu slavCO. lit- example spread ;o others, and hi.s iullucnce was a decidedl .stumbling block to the progress of peaceful peace-ful plans. Then it was that Finley decided to have a talk with the gentleman. B 0CS UPS .f Mustafa's reputation for treachery and wilincRS Finley yielded to persuasions per-suasions aud took with him Captain "'hlp ,n,1 :' "ard of eighteen men from the coiwiabuiary. Musi.afa greeted them w ith every appearance of friendliness and iirvited Finley into his home in this in-stance in-stance a rea fort requesting first that the constabulary be left outside for fear f a dash wiih hut own men. To this Finley fomented, entering iho fort accompanied only iy Captain White. Tiny were instantly seiied and bouad. placed under two villainous Moros, who stood over them with naked krisox ready to kill them at Mustafa's word, while that kindly disposed Moro rook lime m gh.at a little. That is where Mustafa made his mistake, it.' took time to tell his captives how great h" was. what power he wielded and how great was I' their audacity to come to him. Neither H Showed the white feather. ai;d. from all that can be learned.. for Finley does not jtalk about it. two hours were spent iq .giving tauni for taunt With death lit-erally lit-erally hanging over his head. Finley made fnatafa see that his Inumjih could be only momentary and that for him (o give the order to let that sword drop would H be to give the order to set the whole army H f the United States after him. For nine year Fiuley has expatriated himself, widowed his wife and orphaned i hildren for those naked brown wards the Moro Ar. hipelago. Now he is lighting for their interests at Washing- H I ion. There is a reward for him some- H whefe, though it is probably not in the H Fnited States Army. But this is how the i New- York Produce Bxchanga has come. H lo be of modern H |