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Show V i " X. & r ( - x V t N V lionncuiTjjnE orMnri LOW Cut FRUIT LADDERS. Built on the Farm and Will Prove Their Value When Given Trial. Be Two sketches of picking small fruita. cherries and apples, are low appeared in low ladders for such as peaches a here rhe tret's a recent iestteof the Pi alne Farmer and ahlcli we reproduce heie These ladders are so easily made that they should interest our readers Fig 1 shows a plan that Is made hy taking two six inch hoards six feet A CHEAPLY MADE STEP LADDER, long and cutting grooves every ten inches where the steps are to be. The steps are set Into the grooves and then securely nailed from the outside. The width at the bottom Is about three feet, but each step is shortened two inches, so that the top step, which is nailed across the ends cut parallel with the grooves, Is two feet long. The support Is made .by taking two three-incpieces and connecting them At tho with two or three supports h - ANOTHER.. FORM OF. PICKINQ.LAD- DER. top the tiro seta are connected with the 'Pod that passes through both. This ladder is secure and If carefully placed will be hard to tip over, Fig. 1 shows another form that Is made by taking four . legs tnads of sound 3x1 strips and connecting at the top with a bolt The steps are made by nailing strips on either side of the legs as Illustrated. The board at the top is nailed to the main legs and is supported on either side by the cleats which corre sponded with the steps below. The same dimensions are followed as In RAISINQ TREES FROM SEED BUILDING CRAIN STACKS. Tha Work Hut Bo Dona Oarafsliy Thajr Are to Be Made Bate Proof. Tho value of a properly constructed (rain stack is only appreciated during a wet season. If the weather is dry, almost any kind of stack will do. ROADS IN ONTARIO. The bottom of a grain stack should be started In the same way as a round shock Care should be taken to have What Has Been Accomplished la On the bottom of the stack perfectly Progressive Pro vine in round with the heart of the stack In Canada. the middle t fndue even settling on Consul Sej fert of Stratford furnishes all sides The bundles are all set on end In the bottom of the stack' so that a report on road building in the provthe heads of strain will not come in ince of Ontario which should attract counthe ground, as shown in the attention of persons la this coutactjiith He Pig Hsbfch repiesents a cross sec try Interested in that subject. tlon of bottom of grain stack, ready writes The province of Ontario haa60,000 for the second laver of bundles One of the most Important things miles of country roads maintained by to remember, sas the Orange Judd township and county councils. Since betFarmer, is to keep the stack highest the inauguration movement for in the center apd as solid as posslb'e. ter roads there is a radical improvement in the condition of the roads. The old way of road Improvement by statute labor, which has existed for nearly a centuiy, and did much during piouH.r days to open highways, has been largely superseded by n more rate modern system of s direct-taand closer supervision Township control is universal In road construction, while at the same time county councils have undertaken the management of a system of main roads within the county. The work of the county council in devoted chiefly to legislative functions, and METHOD OE BI'IT DINfl THE STATE the actual oversight of work on "the (Fig 1, Section of Stack, Fig 2, Stack ground Is left to road foremen or overSlant ) seers. The county system Is aided Some make the mistake of piling loose by the province! government to the straw in center This will cause the extent of of the entire cost center to settle more rapidly than the of construction. During the yearn outside, with the bundles slanting In- 1903-- 4 1,624 miles of main roads were wards, a thing to be carefully avoid- improved, at an expenditure of half ed, for such a stack will take water. a million dollars through province! A level place should always be chosen. aid. The stacking should be done with Modern road machinery, inch as a fork. The old way of going around grading machines, stone crushers, on the knees and handling every road rollers, gravel wagons and scrapbundle with the hands Is out of date ers are in general use throughout the Better stacks can be made with the province. Natural gravel beds are fork, and quicker work can be done; numerous, and care Is taken to select besides it is much easier the best gravel In the pit, which, unWhen the stack Is high enough to der the modern system. Is placed on begin drawing In, an extra layer of the roads after the earth la consolibundles should be laid, commencing dated with the roller. Bridges are well to the Inside of the outer row. now all being built with steel superstructures, concrete abutments and concrete floors The matter of drainage la given the Where undergreatest attention. drainage is needed tile are need with frequent outlets that will lead to natural water-course- s. Breakers, once so common for carrying the water from one aide of the road to the othefl are entirely abandoned. Concrete culverts have taken their place, and on the steep hills where such surface drainage la necessary, the roadbed With Its high center crown Is ns smooth aa on the levelT In the older parts of Ontario road construction has long since passed the early temporary stage, and all improvements are now made with a view -- one-thir- Fig. 1. REAL la VALUE OF SPRAYING. Fighting Disease and Insects Should Not Depend Too Much on One It So rapid has been the advancement of spraying as a means of control! (ng Insects and diseases, that there Is a tendency to greatly overestimate It was only 26 years ago its value that Paris green was first used for the codling moth of apples. Not un til about 1885 was the Bordeaux mixture used to any extent When we remember that practically all of our modern spraying Its tools, mixtures and methods, has been developed or made of practical utility within the past 15 or 20 years, until It has come to be an almost universal practice fruit among the most successful growers, we can readily understand why greater Importance is some times ascribed to it than it really merits. Spraying Is a new idea, says Farming, and like most new ideas, It has been There are some old and a few new ways of solving the Insect and disease problems Sometimes these other ways may be better even than spraying, sometimes they may supplement It very advanWe should not forget tageously. them in our enthusiasm,'' over a new and valuable remedy. PRUNINGS. Currants are among the most profitable of fruits and can be grown in cold climates. Prune trees properly when young and after they commence to bear little trimming Is needed. Its a big mis take to neglect young fruit trees. For marketing the fruit should be matured full grown when gathered, but should not have time to become , mellow. Keep grass and weeds away from trunks of trees at least two feet to prevent ravages by mice, and the bet ter to examine the trees If- - fruit trees are overloaded, they should be thinned, not only for the benefit of this years crop, bnt of the crop which Is to follow another Fear. It is a long wait between the planting of aa orchard and the appearance of fruit on the trees and a great deal of time will be lost If the wrong sorts art chosen. . . ...x OUTLINE OF THE COMPLETED STACK. This Is necessary In order to make the center high enough to give the bundles on the outer row a slant of at least 20 degrees. A person with experience using a fork will even be able to give the outer rows of bundles a slant out and downwards of as much as 45 degrees, while he keeps well towards the center of stack. Fig. 2 shows the bundles of upper half of stack with a Blant of about 20 degrees. A little experience will enable the operator to stick the bundles of the outer row with the butt ends lightly into the center of bundles below. This will prevent the outer row from slipping. Topping out s stack properly is the most difficult part. I have found that 99 per cent, of all stacks that draw water take it midway between the bulge and the top. Hence this particular point In the stack should be Never very carefully constructed. draw the stack In rapidly at the start, as this always has a tendency The last to cause it to take water. few feet of the top are by no means so particular, because the top is nar-noand will dry out quickly, even if it should become s little wet If wa-te-r is taken in lower down In the stack It will not dry out until the grain is more or less spoiled. The last four or five feet of stack may be drawn In . considerably quicker than the lower part Just so It is kept high and full in the center. Fig 3 shows the outline of a completed stack. Through the bulge from a to b it Is 14 feet across, while at the bottom it is 13 feet across. If the operator has experience, he may with good results put on a larger bulge, as It would Improve the stock In settling, allowing the outer rows of bundles to slant at a considerable greater degree. But for the benefit of those who have very little or no experience It is best to put on a very little or no bulge at all, because If this Is not properly done so that it comes out even on all sides the stack will be sure, to settle over the one aide and them jo take water dur' ing heavy rala. If a line la drswfhrough stack from e to d It will be' seen that the pressure at this point, Xghea the stack settles down, will be considerably greater than on outside from bulge to ground, hence it is very ln portent to keep eenter of stack high and solid all through. A narrow take sharpened to a point at lower end and about five feet long should be thrust down Into top of stack to prevent wind from blowing ef the J,' bandin' It Can Be Done Bacas fully Budding and drafting to Improve Stock. It Is a very easy matter for a farmer or fruit grower to raise his owe tises from the seed and to propagate choice varieties. Seeds of stone fruits, including peaches, plums and cherries, many he planted In the fall by sowing thinly In rows three feet ayart and covering one to two Inches dsep. If there Is danger of squirrels digging up the plta.jjtore In atxxlen boxes covered with Ire and bury In the ground until spring Apple seedlings make good roots in all localities. The most satlsfactor' say Is to purchase apple seedling sd bud or graft them Piactlcai! n pear stocks used in this country Are Imported from France Daarf peais Are grafted on quince units, but all xarletie do not thme on this d f six-fo- two-inc- h Sew It SNAKE MILKED THE OLD BIUNDLE COXI. FARMER FINALLY DISCOVBRS started to craw! away, but he had a trouble la overtaking it and killing MYSTERIOUS THIEF. it with a stick. The discovery and death of the Yeptlle cleared up a FIRST LAID TO WITCHCRAFT mystery that for nearly a month has been puzzling the Skadowskl household. But Finally Bosay and the Reptile It was early in June that the farmone Wars Found Meeting by Appointer, on going to the barnyard night to milk discovered that nos ment and Now tho Latter could be drawn from the Urindle cow, Is No Moro. one of the heaviest milkers in his herd of 12 Every night since, if Pine Brook. Mich. Abiaham cow spent the day in the pasture the a near Hebrew farmer dowskl, living In tha saiuit wa. this place, has discovered the thief field. It was the she would be all right, 'and morning that dally for the last four wee kg has also at night on the few days daring been milking one of his cows that Mrlod that Skadowskl kept her Hock. And. what's more, Skadowskl has confined to the limits of the barm Several species of plums hie at all the thief's bide on the fence, not figyard It waa only when turned loose hble for stocks, but the best Is a con In the pasture that the milk waa uratively, but literally speaking fused subject and should selected measures more 'than half the; taken It according to the variety and locality t None of the other cows were evei chestnut rail, to length of a For most European vaijetles the My afflicted In the same manner, and robalan Stock" is used Thts tjr also how ihe strange.con-.- . adapted to Japanese sorts These are dltlon of affairs was beyond on frequently peach propagated power. He reported the dr Hocks, as they make more rapid cumstance to his Hebrew neighbors, (rowth and thriftier trees for the He but they could offer no relief. rst year or two. On any stock they called la the rabbi, but the religious ire a short lived tree. leader fauld give no better advice Seedlings of whatever kind will set All were inclined than the laymen. common come true )bm and the ways to attribute it to witchcraft or some to propagate varieties are by budding other supernatural cause. He wanted and grafting. Both methods are the rabbi to kill the animal, but this with apples, the seedling roots the latter refused to do, aa he said Ire cut Into pieces five to six Inches the meat would not be kosher, or tong and united with the scion by a clean, according to Hebrew stand arda whip graft This Is then wrapped Skadowskl then, on the advice ot With waxed cloth and the grafted one of hia American neighbors, rot a Hocks packed away In moist sand ot watch on the cow while ia the pas- Boss until spring, when they are jture,- with the result that the mystarefplly set In nursery rows. Budtery was cleared when the anake waa V 1m- ten-foo- f. yV ' - done In July ot August; In the south June budding U with practiced to tome extent peaches. After one full years growth In the Bursary row, says Farm and Home, peach tree are ready to set la the orchard, hut most other trees require two or three years before reaching lufficient slxe. In fact, applea may be transplanted after growing two yeara and again transplanted two years THE SNAKE HELPED ITSELF TO A later before rotting in the orchard. GOOD FEED. Rich, deep and mellow roll ahould he selected for growing all kinds of which It is nailed, in plain alght ot ornery stock.'-- . It should be heavily everybody that passes along the road In front of his house. Those that fertilized the year previous to plant tag and n hoed crop grown. It to un have seen it say it to the largest around specimen ot spotted or milk snake safe to use rank manure ' arrory stock. The cultivation must ever seen near Pine Brook. The snake was killed by Skato thorough and frequent, weeds kept dowskl himself in the pasture lot addown and growth forced and stimulated as much aa possible. Cut 08 joining his barn. It had Just helped the leader when It has reached propet itself to a good feed from an Aid hrindle cow. The strangest part height to form a head. the affair waa that the cow stood xs CARE OF- - GRAFTS, gsletly while, the, rep til was mllklt her aa though It were the milkmaid t Those Bet Last Spring Should Receive hand to which she submitted. .. - ( Attention at This Time When 8kndowsU approached Uie Prone Cared ally. snake dropped la the grass and ding Is commonly tl of durability. Perth county, of which Grafts which were rot last spring Stretford it the county seat, has 1,302 should receive Immediate attention this of of miles country highways; 73 miles are graveled, and are aa fins urgef Country Gentleman. There are WILD to be suckers starting from tho permanent roads as can be found is likely any country. . killed. t . The cow had separate herself from the rest of the herd and came toward tho barn. It waa near milking time, and the farmer thought nothing ot it. as she, as well aa the rest, was in the habit of coming home about that hour. What waa hia surprise to see her stop aesf a clump of blackberry bushes, out of which the anake glided and ran to meet her. U looked as though the two met by some prearranged appointment. When lliram Perry, one of the oldest farmers In Pine Brook, is the snake and heard Skadowskia story, he said that he had thought It was a snake doing the milking all along He claimed that that particular breed of snakes waa getting very scarce ia Jersey now, but that formerly they were plentiful "I believe that the milking of a cow by a anake to one of tho rarest things that ever happens, sad that conditions must be Just right for it If tv-- -e to in IssuA SMtovi asA ft 'liusiutwU U that pasture, and s hundred cowe were to pasture there, it might never occur again. hi''', ft. thought ot the danger, I guess. We Just wanted to get away oh, anywhere, Just ao we got away- - and wed - DF 6IRL AMD BOY get along somehow. I can work and so can brother, We have to on the Bide on Bumpers ef Freight Train, farm. Yea, I came near falling off Clinging to Brake Beam, and ' Are Uninjured, ENDS FOR HAY WAGON RACKS Convenient Attachments Which Make Loading Easier and X. Will More Secure. 30-I.II- Marion, O. Without exception the loader of either hay or grain will be greatly assisted In his work if he has some strong front and end pieces upon hi wagon to protect the front and resr of hia load. Many farmers use little more than a stake in the front to hold the lines, and while good loads AN APPLE GRAFT THAT NEED8 can be put on, It Is to tbeadvantase PRUNING. of the loader to have the irrsnge- old tranches below thejclona, and these ahould be removed, or they will rob the new growth. The scions also are likely to make a branchy or irregular growth, and this can be prevented to n very large extent by suitable pruning or pinching. The Illustration shows a graft after two years RIDE LE -- Our stepmother didnt treat us like mamma did and ao we just run away, said pretty Nettie Hatcher, who, with her brother Emmet, wa captured at Martel after baring ridden the bumpers of a Big Four freight train for 30 miles. The children left their home, a short distance from Mount Vickery, telling tbetr stepmother they were going to hunt up young turkeys In the fields. Instead they walked to the little station, where they crawled between the bumpers of a freight train and rode through this city as far as Caledonia, ten miles- - east ot here, where they were discovered by the conductor nnd put off at the depot. growing which now requires considAfter spending the night in the staerable pruning to bring it into proper tion they walked to Martel, a discondition. tance of four miles, and were arrested by Marshal Tricksy, who had reFlavor ef Fruit. The flavor of fruit la a matter tbai ceived a description ot the runaways. hu engaged the attention of our deep- While the children were sleeping THEY CLUNG TO THE BREAK BEAU CONVENIENT HAT RACK ENDS. est thinkers on horticultural subjects. roundly in the village depot at CaleFOR DEAR LIFE. donia their father, John Hatcher, a ments as handy as possible. The a Prof. Goffsoused to contend that there once a 104 between the cars, but I caught with of farmer, posse wu Just much flavor distributed to companylng illustration made from the men La 'brakebeam from and Mount Rue Just In time and EmVictory, The each the the apple. larger apple, photograph taken recently by a rep- less would met woods to each other then I scoured the fields nnd held and Agosta, be the percentage of flavor resentative of the Prairie Farmer found all night for them' It was feared until they put us off. in was He a close it certainly shows a good plan. Despite her disheveled appearance of fruits and must have had that they bad been killed or kidReference to the rear end of th student naped, as the father never dreamed the girl looked pretty, with her big some reasons for his very good opinwagon will show how the end piece black eyes and hair in not believe that very of their running away. attached in the heavy iron socket ions. Wa dowill onto to brakebeam the contrast We her cheeks Just clung rosy striking to his hold people opinion bolted to the lower part of the rack. many The runaways were taken home by to certainly true that the more for dear Ufa, said the girl when It tab The end supports are made by T water ia fruit the" less there will be brought here. Brother and I never the father. lag two hardwood 2x4a from 6 to of flavor, because the less will be the feet long to form the main portlos of tho frame work. Two small 2x2 amount of dry matter. It Is claimed are used on either aide end across all that fruit grown by irrigation has WAS GIVEN A FORCIBLE than that grown four boards of a convenient width are much less flavor hillsides where the naturally upon set In and nailed. The front to made moisture A grievance committee called on Callicoon, N. Y. Twelve shirts were supply to limited. similar to the rear, though not quit Obadlah and urged him for the good of of from the wriggling body, peeled so high. Where farmers pitch Climbing Cut Worms. Obadlah' Osterhout, a backsllding po- the community to reform and wh, tlrely, these end pieces will be fosnd Look out for climbing cutworms Obadlah responded with threats ot arort liceman, when n "citizens' protective rest to be very convenient for any which may, ia the night time, desad dire punishment for Anyone formed for the purpose of hay and grain. who Interfered with him, and contla tree. committeewashed him la the crystal stroy the bade on newly-se- t curued to air himself. The beet remedy is n fence forcibly rent ef Callicoon creek the other day. A The Supply ef Phosphorus. set the soil in base the around of protective meeting of the citizens Obadlah bad a horrible habit of It is estimated by some of the lead each tree trunk. This fence, says called and n strong committee wu wu the of water. Whea nig agricultural chemists that Farm Journal, must not be closer avoiding the alght too dirty be slipped an- appointed to carry ont the edict against worlds supply of phosphorus, a than two laches to the tree, should one shirt got less clean over it, rather Obadlah. The erring or more element other important and essential extend an inch or so Into the ground, wu plunged seven times, nnd yet anplant food, will, under our preseat and need not be more than three than exert himself to remove the first other seven, in the creek. The ahlrta to wasteful system of agriculture, be inches high above ground. Use same This sad his pronounced aversion ablution were separated from hia body sad hauated within tho next 50 T idee for cutworms which attack cab- the ceremony of personal burned, far away from human habita- The stupendous waste of soil feitfliU bage or tomato plants. proved fatal to Obsdlsh, Hia presence tlon. The man wu wrung out . and end permeoth bervaded the neighborhood and has occurred la this that dried. Then he was Informed that the countries In the put, must he speed Cultivate the orchard thoroughly, ated the wind. There was never any would be reputed as eftea eereaneay Obadlah wu By checked. particularly the first two years after doubt when weather came approaching. on he necessary. grew hot the As to present surface from bakObadlah promised to behave. To save time to to lengthen V setting mors and mors unmistakable. ing and drying out Flu your work beforehand, - well-to-d- o coal-blac- HE k BATH. tar-pap- r7 u li ' , - |
