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Show THEARMY AS IT STANDS TODAY Organization of Our Fighting Forces in and Out of Action. previous to the outbreak of the Spanish war the permanent military .establishment of tha United States was " .comprised In ten regiments of cavalry. five regiments of artillery' end twenty five regiments of Infantry, with their necessary adjuncts of the staff bureaus, altogether aggregating 1.1(4 officers X sad 25,000 enlisted men. By lew Its enlisted strength was limited to 2S.6oi men. not including some hundreds of general service clerks, hospital attead- -' ants, etc. So that, with alight tioas in tbe official personnel and these the corps, aggregate subsidiary etrsagth of tha army had raaged tor a namber of years around 28.000. in 1891 in the forty regiments of the lino there ..were 23410 enlisted men, or an aver-- X age of 810 In the cavalry reglmeata, 810 la the sfUUcry regiments and 821 in the lafantry regiments. Os April 22, 1898, Congress passed aa act to provide for temporality Increasing the military establishments of the country la time of war. Three days later aa act declaring war against Spain wts passed, reciting that war --. ever U knew that large bodies ed troops would be required io preseres order In Cuba,. Porto Rico- - and .the Philippines,-ye- t the law compelled a. reduction of the army. Subsequently the outbreak of the Flltpiaaa added to the gravity of the situation. The plea adopted was to muster out the volunteers gradually, and depend In future solely wpou xhe regular army, which the military authorities proposed to Congress to have permanently Increased to 100,000 men. To this there was strong opposition, but what was known as the Hull reorganisation bill, was passed by the house In the lest days of January, Although It was called the Hull reorganisation bill It carried no changes of moment In the organisation of tha army: - Tl simply provided for tta pert manent increase to 98,7(3 officers and enlisted men, for an Increase of three major generals and sis brigadiers, flee regiments of Infantry and two of cavalry, And' for a corps of artillery , dropping the regimental organisation In that arm. It also provided for a MECHANISM OF WIRELESS TELEGRAPHY X retain is the service, including th regular arm; major generals, pa major The aecompeaying Illustration shows Messrs. Kemp and Brad field operating the Wlmereaux tad of tha Marconi wireless telegraph system, which la now In constant and perfect operation between Wimereaax. near Boalogna, and South Foreland, England, a distance of thirty-tw- o miles, across tha English channel. - The wire which can be eeee ae 'peseta through the window, of the office termlaatee at the top of a mast which la more thaq ISO feet high and stands general for war; 11.000 enlisted men, and, Ineludlng the regular brigadier, on brigadier for aver; 4,000 anUatad men. ' No additional regular arm; BUS oOcara ara provided tor, but tbtra la provision for volunteer staff oflloara U needed. la short, what la b; mUooasar caQM too reorganisation of the sray la merely an art io continue ... for . two ;aara longer tbs establishment raised for tbs Spanish war, aamel;, until July 1. 1901. As before, the regular ara; la to consist of three major generals and six brigadier for the Held and sierra staff brigadier, at the head oil to adjutant general's, the Inspectorgxn-eral'- s, the Judge advocate general!, tha quartermaster generals, the sur geon generals, the' commissary gas erala, the paymaster ' general's and ordnaacs departments, the corps of a gineera and signal corps respectively. The eama number of csvxiry, arttW lery and infantry regiments are con tinned. In other words, the regain! arm; provided for la the Cockrell Oormaa compromise la asset; the regular ara; of the Spanish war, which will continue until July 1, 1901, when It will be superseded by tbe condition described ta the opening paragraph of this article, nstesi,' meat while. Coagrees takes hold of tha matter and actually reorganises the satire concern. strumant very much like the etoek ticker wklch every one has sees and state ere almost perfect lnsala-tor- s, but no sooner are they Impinged most people understand. Profeasor upon by Hertalan waves than they coHerts give a concise and Intelligible here sad conduct. Dr, Lodge desert bee description of tbe transmitter and re- the4 effect ns a singular variety of ceiver Invented by Marconi, as fol- electric welding, la which tba molows:. X mentary electric quiver acts as If It Tbe superiority of Marconta ap- were a flux. A highly sensitive de-paratus Is largely due to ita simplicity. tsc tor Is thus obtained, sad tta aenaH The transmitter consists of two small tlvsaess la increased by tbs ettachmeafi brass spheres fitted la an Insulated cnee to it of aa Insulated wire raised to a and half Immersed In oil for the regu- height Of about IS feet, whtch serves larising of the emitted radiations, one to collect vibrations rnantng to wssto In tbs sky, Tbe restoration to tbe coherer f - Its , detective efficacy he. . brought about by the 16ose , w auto-i-matl- adjacent to tho office. A similar mast. end being connected to earth, the other U rigged near th office ta South Fore-in- n with aa alevated conductor. The ear-red. and It ta from this top of each of is supplied with a powerful Inth masts that communications ra- duction coll, controlled by a Morse diate through the air without th fur- key. Thus, ta waves that travel ther aid of wim. The most astonish- abroad, as th sparks pass between the . ing feature of this new method of globular terminal!, are Impressed ah telegraphy le that Intervening build- Initio,' with communications ta the faings, fogs, rain, snow, hills or ships do miliar dot and dash alphabet. X X not Imped the accuracy or speed of tho Marcoala receiver is of aa exquiInrlaibla radiation which , emanate : sitely ingenious type. Ita vital part la from Ihs wlr oa on mast and are tae.mlaute Instrument called by Dr,. takes up and registered by tb disconLodge,, who ta 1893 modified U, a conected wire at tbe peak of anothar meat, herer;', by M. Braaly, who ta 1194 Inthirty-tw- o miles away. As used V vented R, a Tha characters la which mesefifst by Big. Mireani, It U aa exhausted thus expressed are the familiar dots glass tube, less thaa two Inches long of n inch ia diameter, sad dashes of tb old More sods, and and one-ten- th thd illustration abowa thq receiving op- with Bealed-i- a conducting wires, sepaerator roadlng a message from tb tap rated by a ebnttow layer of nickel and where it has been writ. tea by a In silver filings. These la their ordinary, m m mi mmra m m oa ra m UVhVUV(iH O a thread to on of thd bite of wood, TRAP-POO- R SPIDERS. tuned back with It and hung It with Aad OtAees Thu gAuw They a Strong thread to the lower pert of Its IiWHiwm. nest, about five feet from tho ground. ' Anothar curious species is that of The performance was a wonderful on, tha trap-doo- r spiders, whose. asst con- for .tha weight of the wood sufficed ta tube excavated ta th earth keep th asst tolerably firm, while It A sists of to the depth of alx or tight inch. It wae light enough to yield to the la always lined with silk aad It la wind, aad no prevent further injury. closed with aa ingeniously constructed Th piece of wood wae about two aad laches long gad as thick as a door. Oaa sort.of door closes Into the oua-hs- lf Os tb? following day a gooeequlU. la another past Ilk a cork ta a bottle; servant knocked her head aa tbln aa a piece of paper, ta all ears! eases th door opens outward, . aad agaJaat th wod, aad It fell down. Bat wham tha nest le plaeed, as It usually ta the eourse of a tew hours the spider Is, om a sloping hank. It opens apward. bad found Jt and brought It hack to R so that thers I no fear of Ita gaping. place. .When tb storm had ceased ta Th objoct iff tbs trapdoor is to con- spider mended her web, broke ta supceal tbo aeet, aad consequently It la porting thread 1a two. and let th wood always mad to resemble tb general fall to the ground. Our Animal surface of tb ground. Sometimes, Frisads. however aL enemy attempt to opes The Iof ef Celuutl pie-tb door; acd then tho Inmate braces Its lege against the sides of the nest The dogs of Constantinople are a dad hold it's fast as possible. Still peculiar Institution. Their number is other spiders have Inner door beside legion, and not on of them ha a th ontor, so that it their first dsfsna master, for th Mohammedan regards he carried, they may have another be- th canine as unclean. They are tolhind which to retreat More euriou erated because they are a necessity to still le the Ingenuity of tb branch the hsslth of th city. - With 11 It trap door that ia to say, a door that splendor and magnificence, Constantiopens from the main tnnnel .of the nople Is a filthy city. It ha no sysnest Into a eld' branch, which th tem "of sewerage, and all garbage Is spider knows, of course, but which no emptied into tbe streets. These dogs stranger could discover, since there is are tb scavengers; they eat everynothing to distinguish it from any part thing end preserve tbs peopll from of th mala nest So, then, if aa en- contagion. Of their own movement emy should effect an entrance, th law- they district the city, and no Individful occupant of the nest eas quietly ual; dog ttap. tres.'s 'npon'sher allp Into the slde.brsnch. cloM tojhe bsllivlck without being torn to pieces door, and there remain ta security sad devoured. - They are eia while th intruder wonder what has mangy set, ever barking or become of her. ' If all thee wonderful yelping, friendleas and wont to be things are don by instinct, have we kicked by every passing men. Unlike any proof whatever of Individual dogs ta every other pert of the world, among spiders? Moat as- they have no affection for assn, end suredly. If we remember that Intelli- Will run Is fesr If he doe but glnne gence la proved whenever we observe t them. a manifest application of mean! appropriate to the accomplishment ef hi (be ends. It Is hardly possible to WeeU. deny that thsr Is some evidence of th This ta possessed by Queen Margaret intelligence of eplders. Many Instance aetlmated ta have occurred more or less Uk tha ef Italy, It la of lace, 040, and took about worth Pc, be On of ray friendi wae following: The bandksr-ekldueustomed to grant shelter to a num-ha- v twenty years to wsav. in ta so light that K scarcely felt f gardes spider under I large and so small veranda. and to watch ihtir habit. If pieced os tbe hand, It Is bept ls A little grid hostess On day broke ouV and tbe tbit as inch 1 diameter. JXX raged so furiously through th tans dsss-ag garde that th spiders saffered front t although sheltered by U IjunUMk .. . s letter from Clar la had I Mabel The of vdA malnysrd of one to webe.. s th aullor would eah London In which sho said she was thorn. were broke, a that the web bo presented at court. El ten 1 bopl was blows hither and thither, like a tb poor girl will bs acquitted. TU- xlack mil la a storm. The spider mafia Ha w freak threads, but tried to half Tmkr. As another wap. It let itself , Mr. BuUloger ears flow to the Immense Wbst ground by a thread, and awld to a place where lay tom past Msks him look quit unnatural splintered. Place of a wooden fence, dost the? lea Ye, kind o' eerier Dim TUaW 8forwa toys by tbe storm. fastened nt . had existed from April 21, 1898, and dl reeling and empowering the President to nse the entire land and naval forces of tha United States la the prosecution of the war., and to cell out tbo militia of the several states to the extent necessary "fo cafry '.this ,ac .into effect," end the following dsy a blU was passed for. the better organisation of the line of the army of the United States., which authorised an Increase of the tegular armyln time of war to about 82,000 officers and men, : but provided that whsa the war was over the permanent establishment should be reduced to a peace basis, and that nothing contained In this net shall be construed as authorising a permanent Increase of the commissioned or enlisted forces of tho regular army beyoad what It was "before war ' ; X was declared. Wbea peace with 8pIa was restored tbe admlaistratiou was la something of a dilemma.' Although the war. wax large Increase in line end staff officers. ' When the Hull Wll reached tbe senate It was strongly antagonised by the opposition on the old ground of dislike and fear of a Urge standing army. A compromise measure was forced upon the administration lu spit of threats of calling an extra session. A bill known as the Cockrell-Oorma- a substitute was adopted, and was subsequently passed by the house dad approved by tbe President Neither was this a reorganisation MIL It provide for tbe matter out of tbo volunteer army. In accordance With the original act of 1888. and permits the President to retain in service the present regular army at a strength not exceeding 86,000 men, and. la addition, to raUe n new force of 88.000 volunteer. to be recruited from the country at large or in the new colonies, as preferred by, the military authorities. It authoriMu the President to appoint or SOUTH AFRICAN HORSES. rhehle Bevvy I AS Leek to t Keg Owe of the first thing that strike the wanderer! the great axpaneea of ' the southern X hemisphere la the strength and endurance of tbe horse, nays South Africa. He notes that,at . though to look at they are the sorrl-scrags he aver set eyes on, yet they appear to be possessed of a, power of s, getting Over tbe ground that la little short of miraculous, and so astonish- autoing la Its persistence aa to seem . acetic. A striking instance came un- der say notice only a few days after was fending In Cape Town, la 18631 I on the afternoon one Saturday sitting ; stoop of Parks hotel, which occupied the corner of Adderley and Strand d horseman : ' streets, when a stopped and dismounted. Hie horse : was taken to the stable, and in the erarto, of conversation. In the bar I - learned that be was a niembet of the legislative aseembly for an district. There was no railway eom- man lest ton with the interior la those days, and he had ridden In from his home, t Colesberg, In less than six -: dare, having started the prevloue Monday. Now, Colesberg le more than 800 coun. miles from Cape Town, and tha try la very rough going, much of K . being heavy and other parte , very horse, . monUJno.No English-bre- d fed according , to English methods, , eonld hare accomplished such a ride as this, moru especially when we coa- -; older .the temperature of the Capa Colony. I went to look at the animal oa which the journey had been performed ... and Bound K to be a little. roan echlm- east, barely - Courteeu hands, and Apparently U fresh as paint ? Another very remarkable ride that came aader mp nodes wee performed by A Boer who tired 4 tew miles from Oreytowa, ta XstsL Hie wife was taken U1, sad A particular medietas, sot to be ob- . tataed la Oreytowa, was imperative. 8 ta tha early hears of tho night ha mile started for Karitxbarg, fifty-fir- e ' distant, through aa extremely hilly Oouatry, and wae back oa hia tarn ta sixteen hours,' The' remarkable thing la fibla instance was that tha Boer weighed over seventeen stone. la tty owa experience many Instances of the wonderful staying powers of African horses have occurred. To mention one: la 1866 1 had been appointed honorable secretary tor tho first athletic porta held fa tho Urn boil country of NateL They wort to bo hold la Grey-tow- n on boxing day, which tell on e Monday, All preparations, entries, etc., were concluded early la , December, when I received an urgent request to go to the Transvaal to look after A friend who wee lying very tU ln hie wagon with no attendants but a couple of raw Kaffirs. I rods as hard as I could, and found him among tho hep jes of the Drakenberg, between Lyden-ber- g and Wakkersthoom.very bad with fever, which he had contracted somewhere in the low country to the northwest T tended him for some days, until he was clearly out of danger, and then suddenly remembered that I had to be lp Oreytowa on Monday morning. I was then sitting on the wagon box, drinhlpg m mpruing coffee, at 8 Orewtown UL SAturdsy morning. was 220 miles away, but I wax at'my post there at 10 A m. and In addition took a second prise, both In the running and Jumping competitions, lw ; ; . dust-covere- T GENERAL OFFICERS OF OUR REGULAR AND VOLUNTEER ARMY'. X;" The staff department le the only branch of the service really, needing reorganisation. Tho army as It la and aa It win remain until 1901 ta set out la the following tabular statement, copied from tbe Army Register for lilt: XX 12.1TS Ten' cavalry regiments Seven artillery regiments. .... ; ; .lt.m Twsnty-fl- v Infantry reglmentA.12428 239 Unattached Indian scouts, recruiting parties, 'radio-conduct- . .......... ......a....... lfl etc,. 101 Quartermaster's dspartmeat Subsistence department Engineer huraaa....,.X,. 18 ...... Ordnance bureau... Signal corps tltMss( 7M 801 291 83.1N Total enlisted Strength. - Thee figures give aa average ef se-llsted strength to the several reglmeata of the. diffsrant arms aa follows: Cavalry. 1,217; artillery, 2.1(3; mteatry, 1439- - ANIMALS are a Piuoiii ally FveWeSsete la am Tte. Most of the gigantic Animals of geological area belonged to species which have completely vanished, and of those which have Rvlag representative II le difficult to say whether they have undergone a trim change of else or .whether th modern examples are merely survivals of smaller contemporary varieties. The larger animals have a tendency to disappear first in a partial failure of food supply. Gigantic armadUloes closely resembling those of the present day were formerly abundant In South America. The remain of huge sloths are found la Cuba and North America. Sharks attaining a length of more thee 108 feet are found In comparatively reseat fossil deposits. Another fish which represents a larger prehistoric spec is tha American bony plks, which. M .tewttryl.vw,c;pf:fhe..w;i mous ganoids o if the secondary stnUL The tiny nautilus of the present M had kindred 10 or 13 feet long in tarly Umea. Another small shell fish, the pteropod, whose delicately-eomp- ls structure U pecked In an Inch of ahull la found in foasli remain 'to hv - Ortgla Vr4 It is popular to any that the word reached Xh respecUbl length Of n 'news Is derived from the Initial let- couple of feet. ters of the four points of tha compass, arranged la a device 1a tha fora of a Mns, cross, and placed at the top of some . ..Tb grdateet number of chfldrea of the earliest news sheets to Indicate bora at A birth wae saved. This case that their contents were derived from le. wall euthntlcated. It occarred In all quarters, but it la easy to show that Hamella, Germany, la 1800; sad la a this la purely fanciful. .; Tbe earliest bows which la yet steading sal beere re- English newspaper dates from 1(62, the following ioscriptloo: exactly sided g eltlxen, Roemer by name. Hi yet w .find! the word sew tatts; modern' sens In Shakespeare, epoene, Afina Bregrea, well know In whg died fifty years earlier namely, the town, when they wrote tha ta 18U. Thus we have In Macbeth, llOn. On January 0th, ta the morsisg How aow 2 What aowsf la Winat three, bare two boys and five maid-a- n ter's Tile, "But lot times aewa be at tbe one time. They havlM to la King John," Even at eel red holy baptism, died a blissed brought. that hewa he dice. This list, which .death oa the 80th of the earns mneih might be much prolonged, effectually At twelve oclock.- - May God gnat them disposes of the popular theory. that M eased aees which la prepared for all believers. MarSaM. Wim 9t SmtM There are over 200 brands of wine Mnlllgaa always boasted av b produced ta France, but more wine la drunk la England than ta France, Otrlah blood till ho fill off th' bean Thwat and Loudon Is the greatest wise snor- drlth round at th ladder. was he talar Kusatea deriat kel In the world. (m yf -- c, action of n tappesv started by tbe passing fi the current, which loosens metallic particles la the tube, and readme them once more nonconducting The alternate makings and breakings of tbo eirsult at longer and shorter tnter- - . 7t par-ttesl- ar ef . ef ? . ld . , ileiwl r vala, corresponding to dote and dachas of the code, are th mesas by which I a trusted th message many miles ewey to tb ether ere delivered. Tbo current oxolted Is Indeed toe feeble dl- -' recti y to do the work required of tt but it suffice to actuate delicate role; by wblcb a more powerful baiter; le throws Into tb clrsulL fur." Bvery Mea ea thu The Chines detective force et la d body, and th heat organised ta the world. They have ea eye spam every man, woman, Sr child, farelrn or native, la China, aad, ia addition, match over ech other: sb-er- Nothing Is o exasperating as tha memory of mlsforten that was ail area owa'UuU. FIRC-RCSISTI- MATERIAL. Sul A Fleeter Thel Iteee We CeuMeU te Wee Whteh It Onee, Tbs most vital step In eonstruotlaff thoroughly fireproof buildings sowse days 1s thesubstHutloa of atone, brick, terra cotta, metal and other taooubus-tlbl- e material for wood, snd the es-ple- te ellmlnstlon of the letter from tho edifice. Bat R le not practicable to carry out this latter part of the programme without much expense, and therefore endeavors have bees mado to render th wood fireproof. On way of attaining that object Is io treat U chemically and fill the pores with sab stance that will discourage eombua- tloa. Till ta the piss followed om worship today. Another ides which has bees received with favor Is to over the wood after It ta Is place wltk plaster composed of lime sad vegetable fiber, to give the compound A body, snd certain ehemleala to resist tbe fire. A test of an Invention ef tbl latter clan wee made la London's few days ago. The author of the system, named Roux, end s number of expert were present Th Pall Mall tell tb story. Bits of wood ware coated to a depth ef of an inch with the stuff sad them subjected to the flam of a hlewplps. Similar, specimens were thrust Into a boiler furnace. The blowpipe, used continuously for twenty minutes, did not sensibly raise tbe temperature under tbs compound. The piece ef plastered wood (that was put Into the furnace stayed there bslf sa hour. Whsm It was removed the costing wae chipped off with' a" tool,' And the wood bowed a temperature of only. Tl degree Fahrenheit The only costly Ingredient of Mr. Rous mlxbur tungstate of sods. Qa-ae- tte three-quarte- rs Troth A have All TWage. The person who goes against kin own Interest by the rigidness of hte devotion to truth sometime finds that ha has served his Interest Is test very wsy, - An English paper ten thto tory: . A boy osee applied at a stef tor ' work. ' W dont like tea; bovs h ?s. said Are you L.a l i votk." th manager. X'fls, xlr. eeoonded tb L,, . Kukiog toe other straight in the race. - -Oh. youre not. aro you? Well, wo . want a boy that Ia "There ain't say, said th hoy, decidedly. .. Oh. yes, there are. W have had over half a doses of that kind thin morning to taka tbo place w have. How do you know they are? naked tbs boy, They told m so. So could I. but Im not s Itar." And the lad said It with such an sir of convincing energy the! he wad engaged at one ; - . |