Show FUTURE MOTIVE POWER PUZZLE PUZZLE COAL MAY BE ONLY SOLUTION 19 pir i 4 I II It I t TIms Fo one of here coal oal Is l being to get the out of It Cy ry ISRAEL ISH I LeIN Science EdItor E AEA NEI 1 Serm leo the Oil Oil the International Irritant I the Coal Coal the world p These are ale the tho pictures of ot two commodities painted by bythe bythe the leading heading chemists chemist of ot the Unit Unit- United United ed cd States and Europe The oil painting Is one of or of th present already known to the tho world and one that depicts thIs mineral minerai as the most necessary and efficient fuel Cuel for Cor the power and Industry of tho earth The Tho painting In coal however Is almost entirely futuristic one oneto oneto to 10 which only the tar seeing tar chemists look took as the coming coining source for Cor the worlds world's energy Coal was known and In use long before oil was Yet coal coat will ill far tar outlive the oil of oC the world is the prediction of ot those who have ha studied this question They base bafo this prediction not so much mitch on the Immense drain drain- drainage drainage age of ot our oil supplies at present as on the tact act that the entire oil resources of the world amount to only five per cent of ot the coal coat de deposit de- de deposits deposits posits posit OIL MUST BE lIE SAVED SVED Oil is recognized as extremely In the modern I tlell of oC mankind For this reason chemists are oro searching for tor mc ns to conserve the present supply and an anto to stretch out Its uso use as ae a long Ions as a possible In the matter ot or motor fuel alone Gallons callons ot of gasoline will have been used up year nr But the tho discovery ery olan of nJ an knock anti or antl detonating anti compound com as tho the chemists call It may reduce thi this great treat expense ot of oil by as US is much as as 40 per cent and andE E rave vo s somo mc a II year ear Yet lct oil Is going fast enough for Tor oil th the cl chemists to foresee the day when the only oil obtainable will vIll willbe willbo vIllbo bo be that from front coal The present flood of ot petro petro- petroleum petroleum leum eum is a temporary episode in inthe inthe the tho worlds world's history says Dr A AC C chief chemist of the theU theU theU U S So Bureau Dureau ot of Mines Unes and theres there's not word of ot disagreement from Crom hIs fellow f scIentists dentists As far as the next hundred years ears are aro concerned concern d he adds It wilt will bo be I e the nation which makes the best use uso of ot Its coal that willbe will willbe willbe be most prosperous and will as assume n- n sume Bume tho the Industrial leadership of oC the world T W 01 01 ur I r And K II R T Haslam professor processor of oC chemical engineering at Massachusetts Massachusetts Institute of ot Technology goes even further r with this state state- statement statement ment meat It has been stated that oil Is lathe the tho principal present day interns interns- International Irritant and that the fu future fu- fu futuro future ture turo peace of the world w hinges toa to toa toa a large larso degree decree on the solution o ot of the petroleum supply I problem It Jt It Is la probably bly sate safe to say that the tho solution of ot the problem or of converting con coal coni Into oil will have havo more influence on world peace than any disarmament con con- conference con conference ference yet yet held held or contemplated contemplated- With this Ideal before beCore them the tho chemists chemists ot of the world are con con- concentrating con concentrating on coal as as the thc w worlds world's future source source of ot nerg energy They i-egar i It a shameful waste to toI I burn urn coal oal directly In a furnace for any purpose for from It should first bo be obtained such products Important products by-products as gas cas ammonia tar and fuel oil while the tho coke resi resI- residue resIdue resi- resi residue due would burn with a II cleaner and hotter flame flamo than th the inal thaI Inal coal Pound by pound says sas s l S Dr the products by-products are snore moro valuable than Ihan the raw coal coni anti and they will sill bo be needed In the jy y near future Suture to aug aug- aug- aug augment ment Blent the waning supply of ot petro petro- petroleum petroleum petroleum leum COAL I There are three main prOcesses by bv which coal coat Is la converted Into liquId fuel and other I products product by One Is the low temperature car carbonization car car- carbonization carbonization o e coal which yields Ields 12 per cent of ot the orIginal coal coal as asoh oh and leaves a form Corm of ot coke which can an bo be used as a smoke smoke- smokeless smokeless less fuel This Is a n low low grade crude oil however and would produce only a slight lIght I Increase In our present oil supply The second process is that of Prof Franz Fischer of GermanY by which the coal Is converted into water water water-pa and this gas cas is turned Into light oils and gaso- gaso gasoline line ease line This Is a highly efficient method is l being rapidly de- de de developed hero and abroad to a profitable basis The cost ot of this process Is tiU too high to compete with v the natural oils the but but the fatuous famous fore forecast fore fore- forecast cast cast- of dollar made Inthe in inthe the United States senate three years ago aro has been heen definitely put Into tIme the discard by this develop ment Prof Haslam assorts asserts ORIGINAL COAL COti WA TI By Dy the third method the Ber Ber- glue elus process of Germany coal oai Is almost completely converted into oil from which the fuels vary vary- vary lug from gasoline to the heavy crude oils may bo be obtained This is specially applicable to the con con- conversion con conversion version ot- ot the lower grades of coal such uch as which find Industrial u use e today The importance of utilizing anyone any anyone one o of those these methods for its by byproducts by- by byproducts products before the residue Is used in ip the furnace Is shown b tho waste enormous ot of the Inal coal In the modern Indus Industrial trial plant To date data the efficiency with can whIch coal can be he converted Into electrical or mechanical power in inthe inthe the most modern boiler house and power plant Is rarely over 25 per percent cent Prof Haslam 1 It Is unthinkable that bs be content with such a low efficiency from the conversion of chemical into electrical enery when the thi reverse process tho conversion of electrical energy In Into In- In Into to chemical energy Is per cent efficient |