Show arm ft e 42 WF a t P de e Z t M 7 r 1881 1891 to 2 to to 00 to to 30 1890 1 1 1910 Z 4 N 12 J by ELMO SCOTT WATSON drawing by ray walters JIE HE new ne w year ionic comes lit in tind arid we start stare oft it i new flew decade when january 1 V 0 dawned dai nod there were those who ft ho hailed it as tile the beginning of a new decade but they were wrong pur for it opened the last year of the thard decade arid and janu january ny 1 wl 1 11 opens the hie hit hi t year benr of tile ro irth deande of the twentieth ceI fury lint but their tul mistake stake was ft as an easy one it to make for despite the popular belief that hint our method of reckoning the lie years sears since nce tile the birth of ClI cist gives us its a fixed quantity of time the fact Is our calendar lendir ca Is 14 sadly jumbled and the scientists tell us that it Is not ns as accurate as it pretends to lip lie for instance there Is if reasonable doubt us its to whether the coming year em la is in reality 1931 A D or not if it were given ghen its sti city proper lubel label it might be one of tile lie years mais between 14 1934 fill aind 1038 1938 A 1 I all aid of that Is heanne a mistake was w lunde away back in CT C T A D then alien too january 1 may not be now years day eatherl eit liei and because another mistake wits was made nay away back I 1 in 11 indent times here Is the way iby the alic two mistakes and the resultant confusion of our cil calendar lendar Is exi explained by the national society tv there Is really no reason for st arilus rach each new year on the lay hy called ailed january 1 except that julius caesar Cae BO decreed it when lie the calendar approximately 1 ita years ago but tit alie 0 day of the year that tl at caesar called ailed january I 1 Is nut not the day di that we e so designate instead it Is the day that lint we c iw flow lall call december 28 29 because caesar assumed the year lour to be 11 min and 11 nd 14 seconds longer than it really Is the dates scrawled through tit the centuries until by 1 1 the aliey y were 14 days das out of place pine january I 1 had li id advanced almost to the middle of the january J IF marked out by b caesar in attempting lo 10 correct tri iret tills this discrepancy bisci pope loie gregory turned the alio calendar aln ilir hick not to its position lit in ca caesara caesars stirs lay dav hut but to its position fit at the t time me of tile church council oiin ll of oleava ira in ui A D when the alio abendr calendar alen dr already had crawled forward for il I 1 had pope gregory tunde made a complete correction acuti I 1 IKI ilie ae fallen oil llie life day cla that we v now call december 28 but after till all tile fact that january I 1 Is still four days dais away from the position fixed by tile llie tint of a itoman emperor Is or of no great significance the really important inetter Is thill the lie d date he shall not drift front its moorings so to lo speak anil and take up new positions with reference to the and As ls stability liy within a cy tiny range jiin e wo vis 3 li ti assured by bj tile correctness which pope gregory made ulie tim scar aai la is it a repetition of tie same months and tint days dais find can an best be thought ot of us as a circle A trip around it elide call an start fit at any an point arid and similarly we tl e year could av b thought or of us as starting 9 of on tiny any tiny dai in if fait fact throughout llie flip past pia dIl Terent peo peoples pies have started the liar lit in all four of tile sc asmis IH there tire are lim however leNer four logical Ion lal plis to start a new year jear faed on oil astrino considerations these are the winter solstice Bolst ke which now no falls on oil december 22 the alie solstice june 21 the spring equinox march maich 20 10 and file autumn equinox september 21 23 julius caesar and his astronomical advisors when they arbitral lly started their reformed year tit at the lie point called january 1 missed by only spen seven las days one of the roost mos t logical possible yearly points the winter solstice this is ii a logical starting point for the people of the northern hemisphere and their interests have bave so BO far dominated dominate world arrangements because at that time the sun lias has completed its apparent i yearly early retreat to the south and apparently turns back northward bringing increased light and warmth when caesar the calendar tills this significant ant tint astronomical eveaj took place on aften tier 25 when growing christianity after with other dates chose december 25 as the date on which to celeb rate all tl birth of JV jilin sa it chose the day that lind been marked out under the julian system by the lie winter solstice rut but pen even then the late date owing to thoi the julian edjor error had moved from the solstice and by the at time the christmas celebration became gene general r at rul the calendar had el ailed forward until the tiny ay culled called december 25 occurred four danis later ithan itie so solstice I 1 stice As the centuries passed christmas crawled raw led 10 additional days away from the solstice e alim pope gregory applied ills his correction on cotlon to the il al andar lie he pushed december 25 2 ten tell days back of its farthest advance nd but left it till four days dais away aw iv front the winter solstice in ili the year the evidence ns as to the lip time of christs birth was not vei dy y dependable I 1 am bild it Is now flow believed in by many scho larto that the cal calculi cula eions on oil which the era n i was ais based were lit in error by froin three to seven years lenis we cill call our new year vear loil 1931 therefore not be couso we w know it to be the hie nineteen hundred bundled and thirty first year veir since the birth of christ hut but because a monk named exion its wrongly ivron fely calculated the birth year if tile the present year hore bore its strictly proper label it would probably lie be numbered something between 11 rit lilt ani and WS 1938 A D hut but disregarding these errors find and accepting the belief that we have just finished the ahli thaid I 1 leando of the present century and nrc facing tile fourth decade of eliat century cen tur new years fai s d lily ly tills year icar an opportunity to look back upon apt n the past ten years ears consider the events which li lime ve taken place ani speculate upon what may mi coke plue place during the next nest ten to write the history of the eventful rears cars be tween 1021 1921 and 1930 inclusive would tike take it a much I 1 rge book than the one which artist walters indicates that unite uncle sam sain it liis is put on the shelf preparatory to opening the new volume market marked to IWO illo the ts of this article it la is possible to indicate only it few of the lie high spots and ani contrast some of tilt the differences between the situation which elsaid exist el slid d in the flip united unit ci st stites a I 1 es nt at the opening of the third decade ant and ut ahe I 1 in opening of the fourth decade on oil january 1 loil lo il the united states was louk look ing back upon its participation in the greatest gren war tn tit all lilston history all mid MV aris still tit nt war with the ibe central powers for I 1 hie lie peace resolution not hy congress until july 2 1921 nail hie if le peael peak armity with Gerni ferniany any wits was riot not rati rationed fled by b the nate thus officially bringing tire war to 1 dose close until october 18 1021 on oil january 1 1031 1121 the united states tan can look hack upon ft a leinde of participation lit in various vir lous i to nate little cause for win tint and to guarantee peat peace aifong union the nations outstanding adiong these events in tile cause of international peixe peace were the following washington conference conf nence on limitation of armaments began november 12 dl 1921 1 ended and banned binned 6 wa atlon completed february 6 1923 19 power treaty signed dece anber 13 1021 1921 genon conference opened april 10 2 ended alay 19 1 10 treaty of nf lausanne signed july 21 13 london agreement agno ment on dimes dawes reparation repa plan signed august 0 kellogg antiwar anti war treaty signed in paris august 27 7 1928 1923 young plan pi in for german reparations rep nations payments adopted at inels conference conf eiene of experts tuna june 7 1020 1929 approved nt fit oP oll lilal iclal conference con ferene at the baue haue august 31 1020 conference between president hoover of if the united I 1 stites states aind fill profiler Pro niler macdonald of great britain tn in washington asling tun october oi lobar 1020 five power naval conference opened InA in ondon january 19 1930 30 treaty signed april 1930 1 U by united states senate july 1930 10 t so even the file pessimists point nut that the war var to end cud all wars tailed failed to to accomplish therit purpose sp cite c ite sporadic ilis of tn in various parts of the world during thie the last decode find predict another great conflict during the next act dende decade soule konie naming ns as the year itar in which it will start and others ij 1940 which will involve anany in my nations milons nat ioni the united states looking buck back upon its pence peace efforts dut ing tile past tin ten years looks forward to the next nest ten tell hopeful optimism at the lie end of ille past deande uncle sam finds that I 1 lie te lias has 12 children hll dren a gain of or per cent since lie he counted noses in 1020 0 and found that lie he had 10 their lives luring during tile the past ten years have been kildal by the leadership of four men the tiong of four presidents il evident s woodrow wilson lson our war nr president ended ills second administration on march 4 1921 when lien warren G tools took the oath of office president hardin died die an august 9 L 1023 and vice president calvin coolidge beame cal me president on the following dl lay lie ile was wag elected president november Noc niler 4 1021 1024 rind completed ills his term of service on march 4 1020 1920 when hen herbert hoover Ilo ncr 0 who o had schied as secretary ot comin pre in ills his cabinet arid and vilio was ivas elected noi vember ember 4 1029 1928 took the oath auth of office B incept for the hie final dual two months of pi president evident Wil wilsons sons ad administration min the decade has been passed under ke ile publican chief 1 what of 1931 to 1010 political experts pointing to past history lils too deconie nie that un an administration loses congress in the off year loses the next election although the alie present republican administrator did riot not completely lose control lii III congress lit in the elections of november bei 1930 the democrats ninde made such gains and the balance of power Is so delicately adjusted ad lusted that 1932 runy see hee a democratic victory in 1932 and a dem x inaugurated in march 1933 during tile lie past decabo three men 0 who o have ns its president have hae died PreM dent warren I 1 H I 1 harding on august 2 1021 1023 E I 1 X president woodrow cihon on february 3 and nd IN I president william howard tuft taft tile only preslie en t rho became cliplef justice of the united 1 states siale supreme court on march 8 1030 1930 the only liv airik g ex 1 lre il evident now Is 19 calvin coolidge who is ailing 1 g lit in lit fit northampton north iii ipton mass in almost every epry held field of human activity the I 1 past ins decade liis flag been one of nini angly y rapid str fe tildes ile forward two outstanding examples which typify the dif difference Terence between bete ii 1021 1921 find and 1011 1931 me are found in the radio anil and the airplane all plane in 1021 1921 radio transmission I 1 wits as in its infancy an mid riot not more than two to 0 or r three stations were broadcasting As 1031 1931 opens nearly 1000 ahro adv asting stations tire are on oil ilia air 24 hours in every tiny day nod file programs which they send out tire arp heard by bv millions of lla ils boners toners the hie radio progressed from wireless ele graphy to bliele s telephony phon luring the t past decade und and as the hie new decade opens television lias has been added to our scientific marvels nin neli so go it skeins bevins probable tint that during tho the coming decade people inay sit lit in their homes nini and see the lie broadcasts of events just us as they now flow hear them in 1021 1121 the airplane wils tins far along hip flip pith path to suc success Vess its value us its a n weapon capon in war vir had been proved when the united states navy imy plane NC 4 flew front newfoundland to it E angland via theadores theA the azores in ill kiy 1010 1910 arid and alcock and brown ninde the list first noti nonstop stop flight from newfoundland I 1 to ireland the next net month but it was ans not until the lie op spelling elling of flip new decade that the airplane conquered the whole world in ht september ii 1024 1124 was as completed the round I 1 lie w orld flight of tile the lealis St nelson harding Il aidin tr jr wade and ogden on lay hy 9 10 1020 20 ilerd an and Beil aei lett were ore the first to fly li over the north pole and their on 0 may 20 tin and 21 1027 1927 a new flew hero blazed across the sky when Und bergh was the llast to lly fly alone from new york to paris without stopping rg since then the pacific also has been crossed tio saed byrd lias has flow flown nover over the south pole its as well ell us as the north air mall mail lines form it a not net work till nil over oer the country arid there Is air mail service between the lie two americas Amerl Anier icis cas air passenger service Is tin nn fact A business nian man can leave leae new york morning inor nin be in sin san noon trims net his business find and rat cat dinner tit nt home wednesday evening amateur aviation pilots tire nrc In erens in iris in number and the new decade ully see as trinny pei persons sons operating their own airplanes us its were operating their own on antom automobiles front from 1001 to 1010 prophecies of things which were nere to be in every eiery line of human find and seemed fali fantastic front 1001 to 1010 came true froal IIII 1011 1111 to 1020 and became heince from 1021 1921 to laso 1011 abo will dare to call tiny prophecies for the next net deande made n aile during the lie past decade in the light of ft what hat has happened d from 1021 to lo 1110 it would seem that anything nm tiling li iq possible from P by western Netto Duner au r union 1031 to 1010 |