Show FURTHER ADVICE ON PUTTING UP ANTENNA two types of counterpoise de ascribed scribed energy losses min im zed by proper location M i it has been stated in previous at ai tides that nn an antenna system cons consist lists of a so coiled aerial and a ground in act coln forms the ground Is also known us its a counterpoise sometimes a counterpoise Is mado made aalia pan a total foula almimar to the serial aerial and Is s beneath it to a certain extent this la Is true of the 4 couite poise used on oa airplanes which Is made up of all tile the metal parts of the plane when the earth Is dry or rocky and consequently bently 4 a poor conductor ot of elec tri triciti city I 1 E a counterpoise c consisting cin of a pe network of wires Is laid on the ground and directly underneath the horizontal part of the antenna if t it Is desired to install tills form of 0 counterpoise the metallic surface of f viel the counterpoise roust must be at least equal I 1 to that of antenna and tor for tinclent ein edi clent operation should even be greater than the antenna surface aleithe resistance of tile the counterpoise should be made as e low as aa possible to eliminate 4 the losses flossea that otherwise would take penco in it A coun counterpoise odthe form de ishii Is Illustrated list ted in figure 14 when if the ie ground ground underneath an antenna Is a good conductor C that Is to i say ay la is sostand moist olst the earth itself t experiment it bas baa been found that tile me received energy li is the same fiame for it a single varel as tor for a 1 multi wire antenna unless the spacing between the wires Is very great the greatest ad antage altage of a single wire antenna Is mechanical it in much simpler to erect due to the absence of spreaders s rei iders and it will withstand severe storms which would tear down a multi wire antennal antenna the same supports not all the energy induced in a receiving antenna by the wave produced by the station Is useful part of the energy Is part rt 1 ep a Is lost 1011 due to the resistance or of it alie l antenna conductors part Is iq lost jos 1 due to the eddy eur currents rents produced 1 in net neighboring h conducting non rion material and part Is lost by leakage around the an tenna insulators all of these losses loss can be reduced to a minimum by prop erly locating and erecting an antenen the losses duo due to eddy currents eat cat be reduced by erecting the antenna so that it will not be near hay any objects such as houses harns barns trees etc the resistance loss ions enn can be reduced byu by u ing a heavy conductor of low high frequency resistance such as str stranded anaed phosphor bronze cable good conf insulators with ill plenty of surface distance will minimize an in eulator lear dge just as much care should be taken ln in bringing in the leadin lead in ln as in erecting the antenna dont run the leadin lead in close to a wall tor for any great distance it Is always desirable to have at al antenna just as high as possible nol nm only to receive the maxi muia amount of energy but ut also to prevent shielding if an antenna Is erected on a site surrounded by high buildings containing conducting material the builds build ings will shield the antenna electrically i that Is the energy ls absolve dby the buildings and little Is left leattor for tor the th antenna Som sometimes eUmes a an antenna li it i 7 fa i pv ti ia i a f ewo f f r nt 0 sef V ff C V i arwa t i aun fiM fiffey fey tf al 41 T is 13 often used I 1 as an a counterpoise and connection Is isadode nade with it by means ot of a eumbert nu of copper plates or on an interconnected network of wares sunk into the lie gi ground aund at various places la in like lie area r underneath the ahten antonnia ant onria a these burled buried conductors should dhave bave A t low loir real clance nce and should be put deep enough so BO that tit it the earth around ali etu as p st alg ure 15 for a counterpoise of this type 1 TI alie 0 be gere map DUD Is one of the most rew refi er s to 0 the art 0 of f borl wo wa tilo 0 reception e eption due to its cham te r ties it was wa used at ar drosi dros fie scotland SCotia scotland nd last fast december bhea I 1 succeeded in bridging tile I 1 A af antic A with radio the dage antenna Is adapted ad apted to the r t nan 1 I of signals on a single pred I 1 bao bcd wave length it fr le e wire supported on 10 t to 0 12 f josts osta this wire mire having a length 0 el either therone one or two even mitie nae length t tt if designed for reception tho the wire mill be either or er 1300 feet long unlike tile lie customary form of antenna tills wire is Is grounded at both endrst at tho the far end away from the receiver it Is grounded through a non inductive inductivo resistance of from to ohms and at ilia hie receiving end through a variable inductance in the case of the recotr cr r used cseda a five staga tabea 0 f ru radio dlo frequency elony a re regenerative detector and to of audio frequency amplification were used As ai A i stated above the beverage antenna tenna to la designed for reception of 1 a tingle wave len length th depending on the length of the antenna wire it if other wave lengths are to be received the length of the wire mire must be changed it has haa been found that the sl signal nai strength using 1100 feet of wire 12 act feet above tile ground Is approximately the same as would be heard with a tingle single vertical antenna wire feet in height however Ilo wever the beverage antenna la highly lilg lily directional and on account of tills this fact interference fron directions other than those f from born m avii one wishes to receive Is reduced to a t minimum also due to the short dis tance from the ground static and atit mo disturbances aro are almost n eliminated in general it may be said that tile the beverage Is extremely well adapted for the he long distance reception of signals from a given station chose transmitting wave length Is i cnown f often by erect erecting ng an elaborate ani t atna ua system the amateur does not 9 as an good results as would be ob ta taige ed from a simple well located one i function of an antenna a to cut the ectro magnetic and electro seatie atle A cow bents of the field radiated by 1 the and have induced in 2 it an electro motive force which will cause currant curr nt to flow in the antenna cir L the rb ib alli ell and inductance of the re avii ua FL plus PIUS a small amount of MI in the station to fu furnish 11 re isomi co ate the he alir set got seth h 0 otis ignatic netly beld to A transfer tan el ew I 1 cond i 1 lne cir circuit cult wg f equal unI to the lint ural per e received wave poueu thra al period of single wire ire adenna au times the iong I esth th ef the anteal roper plus the load lead in this natu of the antenna system should be stated staled just 16 ill he wave length on espred eol red by actual aciga shielded bf some object in such a roan man nor that reception from one particular direction Is impossible keep the antenna and lendin lend in as a far as possible from el electric falc light and ami pomer lines if a potter line run i nearby run th the antenna at right angles to it and so obtain the minimum amount of interference the best receiving un antenna tenna for amateur and broadcasting wave lengths Is 14 a single wire feet long ng constructed of standard copper phosphor bronze bronw or copper weld wire just ni as high and alid far ar away from surrounding objects as it Is possible to get it and with a leadin lead in brought down from one end and kept at least three feet iway away from the house an antenna for this type not only gives goof good results but will withstand storms and Is not objected to by the landlord and neighbors |