Show OUTDOOR CELLARS AFFORD CONVENIENT AND INEXPENSIVE STORAGE FACILITIES GOOD TYPE OF OUTDO OUTDOOR OR CELLAR FOR ROOTS I Prepared by the United States Department Department Depart Depart- ment f Agriculture Outdoor storage cellars or caves es are excellent for the storage of ot many The They are particularly desirable desirable desir desir- desirable able on the farm ns fiS they afford convenient convenient convenient con con- and Inexpensive storage facIlIties facilities facilities ties for surplus vegetable crops that otherwise might be be- lost The They possess all the advantages ad of ot the storage room In the basement and anil are superior In many respects The outdoor storage cellar can cnn be maintained at a u uniform temperature t over o a long period It Is possible to keep the cellar cool and quickly to reduce the temperature of 01 the stored product to the desired elred point for tor safe storage by opening the door during the night and closing It In the morning before the air becomes warm All AH ventilators should likewise be kept tightly closed until the outside air all Is again cooler than thon that within the cellar cellar cel cel- lar when they should be opened unless unless unless un un- less the outside temperature Is so low lowas lowas lowas as to be dangerous This sate satel safeguards l the product and mid adds to the efficiency of the storage chamber chomber Vegetables can be more conveniently placed In such a n cellar than In the storage room In the basement of a dwelling Wh When n the chief use of ot the outdoor st storage rag cellar Is for storing turnips beets carrots nail antI other root oot crops crop commonly used as stock food It should be located near the stable where the material will be convenient for winter r feeding When It Is to be used for vegetables for the table the cellar should be accessible from the lie kitchen at all nIl times If It ripples apples or other fruits pre ore to be stored In an outdoor storage cellar It Is desirable t to have a two- two compartment cellar celiac one for vegetables and one for tipples apples s with a ventilating apparatus In each compartment Construction of Cellar As the root cellar must l Ie he e weatherproof weather weather- proof that proof that Is capable of or Ipg kept free tree from moisture and free from frost Its frost Its type and construction ar vary with the geographical location In the southern portion of ot the country the structure Is usually entirely above aboveground aboveground ground p and protected by uy only a n few tew Inches of ot sod and with straw leaves etc In northern sections outdoor storage storage storage stor stor- age cellars are made almost entirely I below Lelow ground and covered ered with a foot toot or two of ot earth Storage In Regions of Mild Winters An ground above storage cellar suited suited suited suit suit- ed to conditions in southern sections of ot the United States may be built on ona ona onn a n well drained site at slight expense A row of ot posts mu may be set five or six sit feet apart exten extending seven or eight feet above the surface of ot the ground with a ridgepole placed on top of them theta Against each side of the ridgepole pole a arow arow row of ot planks or puncheons Is placed with their opposite ends resting In a shallow trench four tour or five te feet t from the line of ot posts The ends at al' are e boarded board board- ed up a d door or being provided lIn one end of ot the time structure and the r roof of covered covered covered cov cov- ered with sod to a depth of five or six Inches Storage In Region of Severe Sever Freezes Freeze In sections whore where low temperatures prevail It Is necessary t to Insulate the storage house so that the vegetables will not freeze An ground aboveground t typo 90 I of or storage house much used In many I sections of or the North has thick walls filled with Insulating material such as sawdust or shavings The construction construe construe- tion Is of frame and the lie walls are ore usually usually all ally ten to twelve Inches thick Both Doth the time inside and the outside walls are arc sheathed with matched lumber so as asto asto asto to make them airtight The rafters are celled on the un under er sl side e with the same material and the space between th the rafters filled fille with dry Insulating material The use of building paper papel in the roof and walls of of the storage house Is of great assistance In InsUlating insulat insulating ing It A type of ot storage cellar much used In northern sections of ot the country Is built partly un underground The walls are of masonry and extend to a point Just above obo the surface of ot the ground On these walls plates are arc set an and a aroot roof root of ot frame construction erected The roof structure Is celled on the underside of ot the rafters ratters and some suitable Insulating material such as dry sawdust or shavings packed In Inthe Inthe inthe the space between the rafters and then the sheathing paper and roofing material arc are applied as In the case of the till ground above type of storage cellar cellar cel cel- lar tar described In the previous para para- graph This t type pe of structure Is preferable preferable preferable erable In respects many man many respects to-the to aboveground aboveground above above- ground t type pe as ns It Is easier to maintain maintain maintain main main- tain the temperature at the proper point and Its Us Insulation Is a comparatively comparatively easy matter Protection From Freezing Protection from freezing may be secured secured secured se se- cured with a simpler type of ot structure ture by 1 making ft it entirely underground In order to avoid old steps down to the level le of ot the floor with the consequent extra labor In storing and removing remo the vegetables vegetables a side-hill side location Is desir desir- able The excavation In the hill should be beof beof beof of approximate size sire of ot the cellar using the dirt for covering the roof root and ond for tor banking the sides of the structure A Aframe Aframe frame is erected by setting two rows of posts of uniform height In to the bottom bottom bot bot- tom of the pit near the dirt walls and anda n a third line of posts about five feet higher through the the- center of ot the pit These posts serve as supports for the planks or puncheons forming fanning the roof 0 of th the structure as with the aboveground aboveground above above- ground type of storage cellar already d described The door Is placed at one end and n a ventilator put In the roof The whole structure with the exception exception tion of the portion occupied by thedoor the thedoor thedoor door Is covered ered with dirt and sod The thickness s of ot the covering must be determined determined de de- de- de b by the location the colder the climate the thicker the covering The dirt covering may be supplemented supplement supplement- ed In winter by a layer laer of ot manure straw corn fodder etc Out Outdoor storage stor stor- ago age cellars usually are left eft with dirt floors as a certain degree of moisture Is desirable The These e cellars may also ulso be bo made of concrete brick hollow tile stone or other material |