Show DAIRY DAMY AND POULTRY interesting CHAPTERS FOR OUR RURAL READERS flow ful Fa operate Oi rite till title department of the farm farni A few wt to the tb lur care of ahe ll 11 stock muck and poultry nitro nil dalry school ten weeks of the three months term ot of the Nis consla dairy school have now passed anil and students as well as instructors tors are becoming so well acquainted aced quain ted and thoroughly interested ed in their work ork that they are loth to part the present class cl 2 as of students stu tents iron from but many from other state and canada is to the largest attendance in ia the history ot at this school the dairy school building was designed and anti equipped tor for the accommodation mo dation of 0 students at an expense of about 0 40 O past experience has shown that for various reasons lome a few students are alway always obliged to leave beffie they have completed the course and la in anticipation of this US nere allowed to enter we were obliged to auk ask about twenty more men who applied for admission to wait and come next year borne have already regis ered for next text winters term and any one wishing to enter the school Is advised to apply early tor for admission be bt fore ore our accommodations are filled creamery and cheese factory operators are about equally represented in numbers in the present class 0 scarcely a year passes without the introduction of some new ideas in butter and cheese making this year la in addition to the usual instruction given in practical butter making in the creamery cheese making in th the e cheese department milk testing in th the laboratory and milk and cream tion in the pasteurizing room the wl wis cousin curd test for detecting milk injurious to the quality of full cream cheese has been explained and used constantly by the students pasteurize ing milk for butter making ie is also a new feature or of the instruction this winter during the pt summer we made considerable I 1 er from cream which was diate aej after separation and then ripen d with a commercial starter this butter was packed in the australian boxes as well as the common sixty pound tubs kept in cold storage until winter and has been inspected by the students Etude ntH now at the school A complete outfit for pasteur izing the milk and skimming it while hot as well an as instruction in ripening the cream from such milk and making the butter from it haa has been added to the equipment of the school this winter mr 11 E of minne eota sola has been with us a few days and given the students the benefit of at bis his ex per lence in this line of work although thea e continuous continuous pasteurize paste past eurl uriz z ing machines which will beat from 6 to 10 pounds of milk per hour ato to the past pasteurizing eur izing temperature of degrees F are not primarily intended to fo pasteurizing milk or cream to be old sold directly to the co in pint plat and quart bottles a practical test was made of the keeping quality of at the cream and skim milk that came from the separator at this high temperature pint samples of both the hot ream and hot skim milk were taken directly from the separator and cooled in the steryll ed glass milk jars which are commonly used for retailing milk to the consumer these samples were cooled at once to about 50 degrees F the jars were covered with paper caps and left in a room at a temperature of about 05 5 degrees F six trials were made in tua way by taking samples s of the hot skim milk and hot cream directly from th separator i 1 six different days it U wae mas found that these pint samples kept lu ili sterilized bottles re perfectly sweet in every case tor for four days some were sweet after five days but most of them had a slightly sour smell and about 0 03 3 per cent acid on the fifth day an experiment on mottles in ili butter was made by adding some of the ripened cream from one large vat to each of three churns two of them bo box churns and one a combined churn and worker the granular butter in lit one fine box bait churn eburn wae was washed with water having a temperature of 40 degrees F and in the two other churns the temperature of the wash water was 60 degrees F after standing in this wash water about ten ton minutes a part of the granular butter from each of the two box churm churn i was wall taken out worked without salt and a 20 pound tub filled with butter from each churn the remaining granular butter wae was salted worked and a tub filled with the salted butter from each churn the next morning those th ose five tubs of butter were examined it was plainly noticeable ehst the un salted butter from both the 40 degrees r and bo degrees F wash water was of a perfectly uniform een eien col or with no suggestion of mottles or wavy color but their color was of a considerably lighter shade of yellow than that of the salted butter all the tubs of salted butter were slightly mottled and uneven in color but no difference in the amount of mottles could be detected between that from granular butter washed with water of 40 degrees F and the one in which IS 4 temperature of the wash water ws v degress r the mottles were caused by the salt alone E II 11 NOTON Sta madison Ilson wic poultry range too little attention 1 Is paid to the poultry range which we often call a poultry yard it ie Is the custom of farmer farmers to think that the aard ard Is a x thing of at little moment on farm where the poultry have the run of the whole place thi this article does not apply but there are many farms and perhaps should be more where the poultry are kept ker shut up through a goo good put part of the season in a case it will IM pay to we range so targe large that the fowls will not be able to eat all the grass thit grow grows on it there la Is no economy in restricting the rangi rang and feeding grain graas grass IB Is one of the cheapest feeds that can be fed juet just how ho large the tb range should be will depend on many things one of I 1 these hese Is thi th richness ot of the eoll soil and the luxuriance ot of the growth of grata on an IL tt we e ba have 1 I seen new lands lauds that ha I 1 jut just been redeemed from a oak forest chere the soil 11 was so no thin that a 9 niall small nock flock of fowl fowls would lu a lew few weeks denude of grab gra a it large ard hut but tt if the land has bem cultivated and his a good blue grass sod od on ll 11 and le a in chri thriving ing condition it in ate life to auy u that the area w will ill sus ustain in fair audition three times ai many autt owls Is aa as the aard ard spoken of js As being re lalif d from a scrub oak forest and nd left with nothing but bu t 1 the original grass on it suppose tu give au an cre acre of land to fifty fowl fowls N ill it not pa NN e think it will lu ili the first place the returns from it will be without rout cost to yourself there Is ili no plowing plow ing no bowing no cultivating no reaping and threshing the entire returns will be profits the graam that grew on it will havo ben turne I 1 luto into meat and egg eggs 1 he be hem will ill kep healthy and the saving to the lift of the lock floel will be quite an item then too most farms are BO so situated that the giving gling of ul i acre 0 of ground a tar such a I 1 aur ur pose is not a great matter in many c cacs ses it would remain jaitly vacant any anyway m ay As to fencing the yard this nerd not be a great question in this age of cheap wire the larger the lot the lebs au will it coat cost to fence it per square rod thue if it a lot bi be tv two a rods long an I 1 UA two a rode wide it will mill take eight tight role of fencing to go around it hut but it the lot be four rods long and tour four roja rods wide it will take but 16 rods to fence it it if it be tight light rods wide and eight rods long it will take only 32 rodj rods to fence it on this presumption the kirbt lot will ill be 4 rods in area the I 1 16 in area and the third ot r rods in ili a area rea pour four foot woven bieti wire fence may be purchased at 40 cents per running rod on this basis the first lot will cost tor for fencing each squire rod SO 80 cente cents for or each rod will require two linear rode rods of fencing on the lot that Is tour four rods square the cost for fei fel cing each square rod will be 40 cents as each square rod Is fenced by one linear rod bor or the third lot the cost will be only 20 cents for each square rod so we might extend the figures it the lot er 16 lods ghiare the cost would be 10 cents per rol rot it it were 32 rods square the coat ua would be fl ft centa cents pr pir ro I 1 square it the iol were 64 rods square the cost would be 2 cent cents per rod A lot rods square would cost I 1 ia cents per square rod finally it the lost were rods square the cost would be only ot of a cent for or every square rod of lani ian I 1 this shows the economy ot of great operations erat ions the big lot Is the cheapest everything considered and this ie 18 especially ally true in the fencing of course courso we do not suggest that anyone build a hen yard M rods square the figures are gly gian a to impress the truth of a great principle that we cannot afford to ign ianire re this Is one ot of the great why tt it would be desirable to keep owls fowls in large fact a were it not that they are more likely to become the prey ot of dis diseases of a contagious nature A large range Is always desirable but it Is difficult to have a large range with out having a large flock of fowls in some yards the large range furnishes the owls fowls with a goodly supply of fresh meat in the form ut of grasshoppers it la Is astonishing what a large number of thebe au insects inhabit a ingle single acre it the acre patch be exhausted by the industry of the bens hens a few hours suffice to replenish it no not only grasshoppers grasi hoppers but hundreds of varieties of bugs and worms arms infest and journey through this field falling a swift prey to the feathered fei fe sentinel sentinels with the green grass and fresh meat the fowls are kept healthy and happy and continue to manifest their content by a voluminous product of egg eggs germany and Aut erlean horup llort les foreign correspondents report thit th it the minister of agriculture ot of united germany at a recent session of the prussian diet declared that american horses developed influenza after importation impartation por par tation and ani it the importations in creal d germany would be forced to adopt sil table quarantine measures to protect itself dr salmon the chief of the united ted states bureau 1 of animal industry said when his attention was ma called to the dispatch I 1 so fir as th the de department part ment of agriculture Is aware there ie to no prevailing in this bounto it Is a disease common to hones horres and possibly may be present in places of at which we have no information cat thit this Is improbable because newl news ot of that ch character ameter would promptly reach the department the horse horses which are exported are not inspected but it if an andrial has the disease it will recover or die before the transact transatlantic antle journey I 1 Is made the period ot of du ration of the disease Is in about two weeks and as it takes talea from two to three seeks to ship the animals across the ocean it Is appi apparent rent that all danger Is passed by the the other side Is to reached the growth in the shipment of american horses to europe in tho the last four years has been onor asua moud these shipments in 1897 in value as agapit 7 in 1893 after all there are few fowl fowls more successfully handled than the VIV p mouth rocks on the ordinary farm farni the egg producing breeds properly so called are not successfully handled except by men man well hied to make them thein a success the natural tameness of the plymouth rocks ie is a factor in their favor |