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Show i pi EWTOR1AL , If ) jl I FALL TERM AND SCHOOL . ji 1 U ' PROBLEMS 1 IB i !' 1 is ?J J Tho opening of the full terms of 5 ! 'j! j bcliool brings Iho problems of educa- , !8 I. I1 I tlon again to every homo. One hears (1-8 ' i!i ji j iS " nowadays much complaint of modern ; ! nj f school methods. Much of this con- III j .' Euro Is no doubt Just. Yet too many j S ' parents criticise without having If 5 made any pcrnonal observation of the ! I i H I schools. ! S : M ' The public does not comprehend 1 I iff tho strain of school work. Tho par- ; j IS fn can barely malntiiln stable gov- J jl Is v uiiimunt through vacation. Yet she ' J If feels that tho teacher can easily sub- ' Jill h jugate the forty to fifty children that ' jl a ) nro unloaded on her In the great ma- ' Ii! 111! ' 1 U'l II" i Jority of towns. She docs not real- 1 ill'l i 'zo M0W lnllc'1 diplomacy and enthus- 'lsll i 'nam " ta'tos ,0 organize theso lit- jjf(i tlo anarchists Into a working body. 1 illillM I''or tni'so lualltles ten dollars a week ' iIIPPlJ ' ls cmmonIy considered fair compen- i llljlt' ' nation, and seven of this sum goes J ' I " for board. Jlfj E j Tho nvorago teacher has to ban- ijj! i dlo too ninny children. In a crowded , !jilj room, dlsclpllno alono Is a big prop- '. jj ! osltlon. Then In a flvo hour session iilill thero Is onty about soven minutes jllffl M per pupil for instruction. Tho pub- ll'vljlj ' lie school child gets his education '? 'I wlH largely by hearing tho others recite. flljn '! Hut tho others may not ask tho que3- l j jlj J tlohs that bother your boy'. I ! 1 1 Jj ! Better work Is dono In some prlv- ', -; I jf Jj I ate schools, but not hecnuso people I J ftfj ' with moro monoy can buy brains for ; I fill their children. A potted child Is n r ijl little loafer. Tho privato school j Ijj n teacher has fowcr children to look ; 9 J after, conseunontly sho can lead ill 58 them ns Individuiils, docs not have to ' $ s drive them ns a herd. K a Tax payers evorywhero say tho ' ;1W l schools havo reached tho limit ot ex- )UB ' ponso. Moro tcachrs could not bo wK nfforded. Yot somohow many towns (fi.j nfford buff brick and stone buildings, , IpMi whoro onco wood wns pointed at with I ilj lirlilo as an ornament. JJ Wj Tho tcaolior drills hor overgrown 'if iB' ii ' ' flooU through tho machine- as best & she can, grinding them out often on ii m n dead lovol. Hut let this ho better B( realized, that moro teachers nnd. gj9H moro timo for Individual attention M Jm would do far moro for tho boys and 3 i R'rls than the handsomest brick, gran- i'l ltc, or marble. I ! ! , Ii SUGAR I This war In Europe- has embroiled . j! In It tho greatost sugar producing . ! countries ot the world. Most people i : f ; ho ciiuso wo hear so much ot Cuban, m San Domlugnn, and Hawaiian sugar, iM ' think of that commodity as tho pro- H duct of tho cancdolds ot tho tropics, Jlj Hut slhco 1810 beat sugar 1ms, thru J govornmentj hid rather than Its own H cheapness, been driving tho cano sug. J nr out ot tho world's markets. In IB j '1810, 0(5 per cont of ho vorld's sug- IS inr wns nmdo frun cano. Slnco 1000 H j ..from CO to 70 per cent has been do- raj' rived from boots. tfB.i Tho beet sugar countries Involved In the war ore Austria-Hungary, Ilel-Bhtm, Ilel-Bhtm, France, Germany, and Russia. It so happens that they nro also the producers of moro than half tho world's sug.'ir. A few figures will emphasize this. In tho year 1900-01 beet sugar constituted con-stituted 07. Gl per cent of tho world's supply. In tho seven years from 1002-03 to 100S-00, tho nverago production pro-duction of beet sugar of tho world was C,332,4i" tons. Ot this enormous tonnngo tho five great nations Involved Involv-ed In the war produced ncfirl, 90 per cent. It wl 1 bo seen, therforo, that their percentage of tho world's sugar ls nearer sixty per rent than fifty. How inn h will tholr produco fall off? Their armies nro completely mobilized. They have been considering consid-ering such labor expedients ns that of teaching tho children and city laborers la-borers how to do farm work, tho older old-er people acting ns teachers, In order that the fields may not llo unfilled. That they can produco any largo percentage per-centage of their quota of sugar seems Impossible. And Germany, and her nlly, Austria-Hungary, which produce alone more than a third of the worlds supply, are cut off from tho seas so that as things now stand they could not sell their surplus If they hail a surplus. Sugar must bo high, one would think. The sugar lands ot Louisiana will probably mako their owners moro monoy for a year or so than over before. Tho beet growors of tho United Uni-ted States should expect higher prices pric-es for beets than they havo been gettingthey get-tingthey should take that matter up before they plant another crop. Wo shall all suffer in tho Increased cost of sugar let such ot us as pro duco cither cano or beets consider carefully tho matter of getting our shnro of the consumer's dollar.1 Farm and Fireside. THE NEW PHASE OF OUR AGRICULTURE Utah farmers havo learned tho basic ba-sic principles, ot production of crops and animals. They aro now well on townrd the correlation ot their efforts In production and distribution. In other words they havo arrived at tho stage of co-operation. To bo sure not all regarding production pro-duction has been learned, or over will bo learned. But tho majority of fanners have learned enough tibout uolls, crops, cultivation and Irrigation Irriga-tion to mature n fairly satisfactory and stable yield. Tho finer points ot tannine are known only by a comparatively com-paratively few and in a few localities. locali-ties. Tho majority ns we dovolop along cooperative lines will perfect thulr methods of production. So soon wo will havo moro skilled dairymen stock raisers, truck farmers, alfalfa seed growers, pea growers, beet raisers, rais-ers, wool producers, orchardlsts, dry farmers, and growors ot tho other crops. In the meantime, tho orchardlsts havo established a state wldo marketing market-ing association, strictly cooperatlvo In nature, which promises to hnvo most beneficial effects on our fruit Industry. Already It has had n tendency ten-dency to standa-dlzo our packs and to force excellent uniformity In the treatment of our orchards. Tho latest cooperative undertaking In tho stnto Is tho Kphralm Sanitary Canning company, owned by seventy-llvo seventy-llvo growers of Sanpoto county. According Ac-cording to tho president of tho com pnny over 200 acres ot peas nro harvested har-vested In tho vicinity of Kphralm this year. It Is stated that tho stock ot tlu company, capitalized tit $HO,000 ls obtalnnblo by stockholders only In proportion to tholr acroago In peas. In otlior words u man owns only In proportion to what ho contributes In crop to tho company. This insures strict cooperatlvo management. Thoro will bo no disposition to cut down tho prlco of pens, because tho growors also own tho factory. A prlco will undoubtedly bo paid to tho farmers ns high as po8Slblo In order to Insure only paying for tho operation of tlio factory. Utah Is adapted to tho dovolopp.ont of cooperatlvo enterprise. Tho stato began early In its history vnrlous enterprises en-terprises n'ong cooperatlvo lines. Much of our early canal construction was strictly cooperatlvo In that tUc canals were built and owned by thoso who were to bcncllt by tho water and wero maintained cooperatively. The mercantile business in Utah was begun be-gun in many cases upon a truly cooperatlvo co-operatlvo basis tho business boln.5 owned by thoso who wero to deal with tho store. Many of these early enterprises were for the cooperative purchasing of supplies. Thc30, together with many of our canals and other enterprises enter-prises ot a similar nature, soon drift ed Into private- hands. It Is probably trim that nt that early date In Utah tho great benefits ot cooperation wero not fully realized. It may he truo that tho abandonment of cooperation cooper-ation was due, In h few cases to powerful pow-erful and selfish Individuals who saw tho opportunity for personal gain In monopolizing a particular business. Tho falling away may havo been due In part to tho rclatlvo competence nnd Independence which did not exist ex-ist nt first and tho absence ot which forced coheslvencss and tho greatest possible efficiency In especially the larger enterprises. Undoubtedly Jill of theso factors operated to somo extent. ex-tent. Tho fact remains that Utah began and successfully conducted for many yenrs one of tho earliest If not the earliest cxtenslvo experiment In co-opratlon co-opratlon on this continent In moaorn times. It Is lnmctnblo that tho worft begun at that time wns not continued nnd completed. After a half century tho nation Is Just working Into the period ot Boclal advancement which Utah enjoyed In pioneer flays. And Utah growers after a half century cen-tury of apostacy from this wondarful principle, given to them early have at last realized the absolute necessity neces-sity of cooperation If they are to develop de-velop their Industry to Its fullest extent. ex-tent. Too much cannot he said ns wo aro entering this new phase of our ngrlculturo In support of cooperation. coop-eration. And tho pitfalls to be avoided avoid-ed cannot bo too generally hpoken of. A cooperatlvo business among farmers Is conducted for tho benefit of the growers. In a creamery a pea canning company, a fruit marketing association, a cooperatlvo burin? association, as-sociation, a cooperative association for tho obtaining of Insuranco-nll theso should nlm primarily to nerve tho farmer. A creamery oporito-I on this basis would pay as high a price as possible for tho cream Instead of as low n prlco ns possible. All that tho creamery would wish to make would ho running expenses. In the caso of peas, likewise. In cooperative, fruit marketing tho grower gets all tho returns beyond tho mero maintenance main-tenance ot tho organlzatlpn. In tho cooperatlvo buying of farm nnd home summpllca tho association charges only enough to pay tho runnlns ex-pauses ex-pauses ot tho association. In Insurance, Insur-ance, likewise Tho obvious Intent Is to cut out ovorhead charges raid middlemen to as great an extent as possible. Ignornnco ls tho greatest enemy of cooperation. Ignornnco manifest! Itself It-self In tho disposition to over vaiuo your own agricultural output na.l un-dorvnluo un-dorvnluo your neighbor's. Ignornnco manifests Itself In falluro to teu the fundamental economic necessity of catering to tho best nnd largest mar kets, and tho necessity of obtaining, a community reputation for a standard stand-ard product which can only bo donv through cooperation. Intcrmountnln, Including Utah, ngrlculturo ng-rlculturo will becomo prominent le-causo le-causo of tho factor ot irrigation end rich soil whlcff wo possess, ihls combination will produco high yields followed by high priced lands, followed follow-ed by compact rural settlement. Thl3 Insures easy Intercourse, high development devel-opment ot roads and schools, and provides tho opportunity for the-building the-building of a rural social system under un-der very nearly Ideal conditions. Cooperation horo should tlirlvo as nowhoro else In tho world. This re-glon re-glon will becomo In timo tho garden spot of tho world. It will bo resplendent resplen-dent with rich homes, Its Jnsturcs will support tho choicest breeding stock, Its social position will bo nt tho very forefront, nut In tho meantime mean-time wo must ovcrcomo n lingering niggardly nttltmlo toward development develop-ment wo must weed out tho fow who hold back, nnd look with open mind- I edness upon tho world nbout us and I take tho best the world offers nnd Improve upon It. Dr. E. Q. 1'eter sen. j. a |