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Show ,. f rtf - J -& -? r1 SbBBBh SPRAYING IS PROFITABLE WORK H Gasoline Power Sprayer In Operatic (Prepared by the United Btatei Depart- i ment of Agriculture) j Spraying, compnrcd with Its cost, Is f one of the most profltnblo forms ot , orchard work, nnd ono of tho most t likely to bo neglected or misdirected, , according to specialists of the United States Department of Agriculture. t Thcro Is need thnt fruit growors havo a raoro Intimate knowlcdgo of spray- f Ing materials, spraying machinery, nnd t especially tho whys and wherefores of spraying. Tlio up-to-date orchard- ( 1st must know Just whnt ench spray ( application will do and tho proper t tlmo and method for applying It. Necessary to Know How Insects Feed. A better knowlcdgo of tho life nnd habits ot the mora common insect pests nnd of the tiaturo ot Insecticides will ndd much to tho efficiency of con- t trol measures. Tho general character of sprays to bo used depends on tho character of tho mouth parts of the f Insects. , Hrondly speaking, all insects secure their food In one of two wnysf (1) , By nctually biting out nnd swallowing ; portions of the food material ; (2) by sucking out tho Juices. Tho first typo Includes caterpillars or tho larvae of moths and butterflies, adult beetles nnd their grubs, grasshoppers, crickets, Bawdies and their lurvao, bees, etc. All biting Insects are subject to destruction de-struction by arsenlcnls or other stomach stom-ach poisons. Some biting Insects, however, such as borers and certain root-Infesting fonnH, do not feed In situations whero poisons may bo applied, ap-plied, nnd for these a different treatment treat-ment Is necessary. Among sucking Insects may be listed list-ed plant lice, scnle Insects, lenfhop-pers, lenfhop-pers, the peurpsylla, and the truo bugs, all very Important enemies of tho fruit grower. For their control tho so-called so-called contact sprays nro used, sprays that corrode the body or permeate tho breathing spores of tho pests or otherwise other-wise effect their destruction. lilting nnd sucking Insects often occur oc-cur In n way to permit their destruction destruc-tion by poisoning tho nlr which they breathe, as with hydrocyunlc-ncld pis or carbon 'dlsulphlde, but In many cases the expeuso nnd danger muku this method Impracticable. Summer spraying is directed ngalnst bud, leaf, und frult-cntlng Insects, and for theso nrsenlcals chiefly aro used. i Dlluto contact Insecticides aro also employed In the control of certain In- , sects, such its tiphlds, red bugs leaf- , hoppers, etc. The urscntcnls In most common uso i are arsenate of lead, parts green, nnd arscnato ot lime, used as strong as the follngo will stand. Tho foliage of stono fruits, ns cherry, plum, nnd , peach, Is on tho whole quite teudcr, and on these arsenlcnls must bo em-1 em-1 ployed with caution. Tho Important Insecticides may bo 1 grouped principally Into theso three ' scries: Stomach poisons for biting Insects ' arsenate of lead, parls green, arson-' arson-' nto of lime, ursennto of soda, nrsen- lte of lead, nrscnltu ot lime, orscnlto of soda, Scheulc's green, London pur- ' pie. White nrsenlc, hellebore, etc. 1 Contact sprays for sucking Insects llmo-Hulphur solution, self-boiled llino-" llino-" sulphur mixtures, fUh-oll soap wash, 1 kerosene emulsion, crude-petroleum : emulsion, distillate emulsion, nicotine 1 solution, pyrethrum, cuustlc soda, caustic potash, carbollc-ncld emulsion, 1 fciilphur Hpru,, rosin, rosin wash. 1 For fumigating, tho specialists rec- ommund hydrocynnlc-ucld gas, carbon dlsulphlde, or sulphur dioxide. Thoso nre effective ngalnst nil clnssott of In- ' socts when it Is doslrnblc to use thuin. 1 Arsenate of Lead Most Widely Used. ' Arsenate of load Is the beat known 1 nnd most oxtunslvoly utiod stomach polvpn, for Insects. It has it wldor E rungoj of usefulness than any othoi Internal poison now available. It U sufo for use on thu foliage of most 1 pi a 1KB, Iiom good adhesive qualities :' and owing to Its fineness, remains In suspension well In wator. Moreover, 1 it can bo snfely combined with cer , tain contnet eprnys, ns nicotine, ker ; osono emulsion, soaps, etc., nnd witli 1 a number of fungicides such ns lime sulphur mixture, nnd bordeaux mix ture. It should not be com' 'ned with sodium or potassium sulphides. Commercial nrwunte of lead may be obtained ns pnsto or powder Powder Pow-der Is coming Into extended mo hy on for Control of Codling Moth. IriH reason of tho convenience with which BB It may be handled and stored, nnd the rH saving In freight by tho absence of BBI water. Paste arsenate f lead, how- H'H ever, may bo stored from year to year BiH if properly covered with water to pre- BBI vent drying, nnd protected from freest BB lug temperatures. BBl This method for homo-mado prep- H nrntlon ot arsenate of lead will give Bl a good product without any matorlal BB waste of chemicals, nnd will require BBJ n minimum amount of tlmo. For er- BBJ cry pound ot lead arsennto It Is dft BB sired to make, use either of these: H Ounce BBJ Sodium nmnate (CS per cent) 9 sH Lead acetate (sugar ot load) a BH Or this formula: BBJ Ounce BB Sodium arsenate (CS per cent) I BBI Lead nitrate U BBJ Information touching method oC BBJ spraying, nnd directions for using ti BBJ various preparations nre contained la BBJ Farmers' Bulletin 003 which may b . BBJ obtained free upon application lo tie BBJ Division of Publications, United State BBJ Department of Agriculture BBJ |