Show IN r W QI 7 K va 2 7 ME al wr 0 R V I 1 vo 1 1 1 wa view of londonderry north ireland prepared by the national cleo geographic graphic society wasl washington agton D CJ C RELANDS north coast shared by counties belonging to the state of northern ireland and by territory of the irish free state ts Is a picturesque tur esque portion of the emerald isle parts of the region have been bones of contention between the two states and the former ulster counties of mon Mono 0 glio ghon n donegal and cavan have been added to the free state ulster in the northeastern corner ot of the island la is in the odd position of being a port part of ireland which Is in I 1 large urge part not irish three hundred years 1 ago the british king james 1 I frith 1 th the desire to anglicize a part of ireland decided to plant a colony 0 of ff english and scotch ahat Is known is ila the als ulster t er plantation followed the or original I 1 ganni plan of tile the king was to 0 o have english settlers dominant in als ulster ter but he also permitted the sea scotch tab to participate english settlers were not easily interested however wille while the scotch locked 1 in making the plantation dominantly scottish by 1600 the population of ulster consisted of at some inhabitants of scotch blood of english ancestry and irish altogether probably about scotsmen moved to ulster the english were soon merged with the scotch but the irish and scotch strains remained almost entirely independent ulster differs economically from the rest of ireland either the scotch immigrants mil had bad a greater propensity toward industry or their economic conditions were more favorable at any anny rate ulster uliter has ban become the marked industrial mcglon of ireland while the remainder of the country save in the ibe larger cities has not followed this une of nf there to Is a religious difference too between north and south I 1 reland ireland ireland including ulster awa was n catholic olic the scotch immigrants brought their presbyterian religion with them and it became firmly rooted the english government favored the established dished church of england and tills this Is also strong in ulster the presbyter ians fans and the episcopalians Episcopal ians combined toddy tip the scale in ulster to the tilde tide of protestantism but the margin Is not great along alona the border the present border between the irish free state and the state of northern ireland creat created edlin in 1020 1910 and 1021 extends through a rather rough country dundalk dundale Dun dalk on the cast co coast cist Is just south of the line near this city Is oneff one of the passes through the hills lillig used since earliest times in ireland and because of this athla situation neighborhood hns has been the scene of numerous battles farther west the boundary touches the long deep valley in which lies lough erne the longest end and the second largest lake in ireland the islands largest take lake lough leagh lies in the heart of ulster east of belfast formerly ulster consisted of the mor northern thern tier of counties from const coast to coast when ahen the two self governing states were formed however donegal largest of the ulster counties occupy ing the northwestern corner of ireland was attached to the free state the bou boundary idary of the state of northern ireland therefore does not now reach the atlantic but turns at its southwestern corner a few miles short of the coast and runs northeastward between donegal on the west and Fer managh tyrone and londonderry on the east to lough foyle an inlet at the very top of the island the state of northern ireland therefore occupies only a small segment in the northeastern corner ner of ireland readjustment of the boundary ns desired by the free state would concentrate the northern division still closer into the northeast corner though small in territory the state of northern ireland tins has a concentrated population its area Is less than one sixth that of ireland but it contains more than a quarter of the lalands islands inhabitants donegal warmed by gulf stream although in the same latitude as northern Ln labrador brador donegal the north west vest county of the free state enjoys tile the temperate tump prate climate of virginia this freedom from severe cold done gal owes to one fine of the plen pleasant sant little pranks of the gulf stream which washes bashes its rocky coast and sends warm winds although slightly smaller than dela ware vare donegal was in ancient times the kingdom of the clan odonnell scattered throughout the county are many binl interesting cresting ruined castles chatles of the days of the irish kings and later struggles with the danes and the english aarts lite he country were not gated until last years of queen ei italic lin abik the county Is a land of wild moun ins and lakes less than halt half of the surface being under cultivation its streams are noted for salmon and trout fishing the coast Is rocky and in dented hold bold headlands jutting out into the sea though boosting boasting nearly 1200 miles of const coast line there ard are no na good harbors from Hilly begs tn in the south to lough in the north itie oats and potatoes are the chief crops of the valley farms in donegal cottages are woven some of tile the homespun tweeds for which ireland Is famous attempts have been made in recent years to give impetus to the fishing industry along th the coast fishermen still use the ancient cornele coracle or skin bout boat without keel heel or rudder they are easily handled in fine weather but become extremely dangerous when surf pounds against the rocks these primitive bonts boats probably represent the next step in navigation after the raft and lime have not changed during many con cen aurles of use now fine seaworthy cea Gea worthy fishing craft are being introduced on tile the north shore of donegal are several modern summer resorts with luxurious hotels frequented by irish and english holiday makers tic cause of tile the excellent golf andrea and sen bathing to be had there two of the best known knon of these gathering places are Rosa penna and portsalon Port salon further south nun Bun dornn doron with its scarred and weather beaten dins offers a splendid view of the sea here herb three galleons gal leons of the spanish armada staggering homeward from the famous defeat in the english channel were washed ashore in a storm and completely wrecked only adew a few antique cannon and anchors were recovered when philip of spain learned of the destruction of his supposedly invincible fleet he la Is sold said to have philosophically remarked that he had sent them against the english not the elements ts seat of the ODon nells donegal town from the dawn of history has been the sent seat of the odonnell family their ruined castle whose TV hose shell has ban been remarkably well preserved pre sered Is s still the most interesting sight of the countryside it remained in the hands odthe of the ODon nells until the days of charles I 1 when their line ran out a and nd the castle passed to sir Basil brooke an english catholic supporter of the king donegal town la s now chiefly noted for the irish tweeds and soft steamer rugs which it exports inhabitants of county donegal are noted for their courtesy and quick intelligence telli gence though the district Is poor hospitality Is universal and beggars are rare country customs hard hark back to ancient times it Is a common sight to see women riding pillion fashion on horseback behind the men and bare feet are not unusual though lying in the far northwest donegal forms n part of the free state its population being largely of celtic origin the united states has more than an academic interest in nil all that a affects ireland two of the most important st streams reanis of immigration that have readied reached america came frothi the island one the so called scotch irish from ulster the other the irish from south of the uster line the scotch irish earl early y felt the weight of repressive english laws both in the religious and economic fields they began emig emigrating rating to america in large numbers during ohp latter fatter part of the eighteenth century and it Is estimated that they made up one sixth of all the colonists by the time of the american revolution U they were prominent in that struggle and later become became the frontiersmen tiers men playing an important part in winning the middle west and the west the main astrea stream in of immigration from southern ireland took place in the nineteenth century the genius of the newcomers for politics has made itself felt in local state and national governments |