| Show IN DIAN I 1 TAPI ia 17 J I 1 V p MAT afew A few of 0 ladores La hores balconies prepared by the national l society washington D V 0 ON tile the multiplicity of brov AA AMONG ances becs and states in india two stand out as more familiar than their fellows to western ears the punjab and Hyder abad although the I 1 punjab nil jab was one of the last districts to come under blip british control it has long been n noted 0 ted f or its progressive viewpoint and modern activities it Is a vast agricultural state built upon irrigation the dry climate of its plains making farm arming I 1 rig possible only where canals lead 11 him I 1 malynn malyan river waters into the fields there are seven of these great streams which low flow from mountain snow fields down over the hot dry plains of these there the indus and the jamna a branch of the ganges form the two outer limits of the province bet between them are the five alve linger fingerlike like tributaries tributa ries of the Pan juad from which the district rec received elved its name in the days of ancient conquests the word punjab comes from an old persian compound meaning mi anang we five waters punjab province Is shaped ellse it a letter aw W whose top extends ta the hill bill con country nay forms forma the north of india and whose left leg drops into the great desert between these two ex extremes lie the plains plain 4 for aich v the province la Is famous oi on their irrigated surface crowd 25 people the punjab la Is one of the few parts of india where edans greatly outnumber the he hindus it la is also the homeland of the SIL sillis sikhs lis that that tall and swarthy race who police ad so much of the british empire the great variety ot of racial and religious types in the province its il nearness arness to the border arid and tile the fact that simla indias andias official summer capital lies in its hills combine to give the district great romantic interest historic lahore the provincial capitell capital beside tile the river ravi la Is celebrated among the cities of india for its heat in summer und and cold in winter ra r early i a aly in may government officials retreat to the hills tor for the duration of the hot season the holy holi city of the sikhs la Is built around an artificial tindal nr lake its bazaars are famed for or K kashmir shawls and oriental rugs either of these two punjabi punjab cities might have sprung full grown from some eastern fairy tale their sky ky lines give the impression of stage scenery and their streets are llor perpetual emual pageants of movement cad and color delhi deihl and simla delhi the cri capital pital of the radian indian erA empire piro lies ilea in a federal district cut out from punjab territory this old city on the river junina jouina was capital of tho afie ancient mogul empire of india und and boasts sortie sonie of the most beautiful mosques and palaces in the world like lahore however it it la Is tamed famed for its suai roer hent heat and the 13 english early earls seek refuge from the sun in the simla hills the viceroy and his governmental ern mental family conduct their official duties ct at an elevation of feet during tile the liot hot season it Is to beautiful simla high amid the pines mhd indars or of the foothills ia that anglo india retreats from the he heat of the plains at simla wrote Ki kipling liling all things begin and nd jnnny come to an evil end nigh up the mountainside on terr terrace itce upon terrace stretch pen pleasant sant cottages of the anglo indians roads and bridle paths wind among the fir trees beside the 1 and cricket grounds only oaly troops of monkeys swinging from tree to tree speak of india simla to the englishman Is a bit of home this gay resort Is a different world from the plains below on which stretch mile upon ralle mile the farming villages that make up the punjab stilling hot in summer freezing cold in winter depending for their livelihood upon irrigation part of thle athla vast region Is governed by native rulers like the maharajah Mah arajah of Pat lala while part ta Is under direct british control both sorts sort of 11 govern government rn nt hive have aided in the building of roads roa asand and canals and in the tha establishment of schools to relieve tile tot of the dense population crowded between the alve waters the sikhs number fewer than 9 per cent of the he crowded into this thid wheat field area of india Hyder abad with its 2700 square miles Is the greatest of the indian states in aren area the ruler Is the nazam and the state Is as often referred t tu U na a the Ni klonins dominions as tt it la Is by name politically Hyder abad Is of great importance the tha nizam atil Is the high est rati ranking hing mohammedan prince ot of india and his dominions are the heart i of moslem feeling and activity for the whole peninsula yet set by one of 0 the strange quirks common in indian niT affairs airs tile the subjects of this ruler are predominantly of the hindo falth Hyder abad almost independent the state of Hyder abad has a status not easily defined the british em ahre through its aspect the indian empire takes tabes care of all foreign relations and the nizam undertakes to furnish certain troops for empire defence but otherwise the state Is almost as independent as afghanistan or persia tile the public finances of the tate state hadr often been in bad shape agui but 04 the private wealth ls Is tremendous doubtless that la Is to be expected for before Hyder abad received its present name jit it wa was the kingdom of Col golconda conda a name which has become n synonym for fabulous wealth from a golconda diamond mine tt it Is said came the koh l nor perhaps ithe most famous of the worlds huge diamonds Hyder abad alty capital of the state and chief residence of the nizam has hag a population 0 of o halt half it million and Is the fourth city of india most of the habitations were once mud huts but many have been rebuilt with brick during the last quarter century the palaces those of the nobles and numerous government buildings till all of stone atone add to jo the p rent substantial stant lal appearance of the city in the exact center of the walled area four lofty minarets mina spaced in fa a quadrangle dominating the sky line from these towers tour four broad streets street run to the four quarters of tho the city over each a short abort way from the towers Is a hugh bugh firch the riluar ets are not connected with a mosque but at a little distance tance from them Is one of the largest temples of the moslem world the mecca alecca mosque under the huge twin domes of this structure of the followers follow era of the prophet may as in size the dominions are almost exactly equal to kansas and as in that state some regions are comparatively ively dry kansas would have to be moved to southern mexico however tn in order to lie in latitudes coif corresponding to those of Hyder abad the country abounds in dry rocky ridges end and buttes especially in the southern part in that section the streams dry up ld id summer amnier and water roust be impounded in tanks these small artificial tales takes dot the atie entire coun countryside trIde on the black lands of the north and west cotton Is grown |
