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Show THE GREAT PEACE CONFERENCE. In view of the coming demonstrations demonstra-tions In this State In favor of peace, we have received numerous letters maklnc Inquiry nbout the Czar's peace proposals, and asking for some points that were agreed upon by the nations represented nt the Hague Teace Con-gTess Con-gTess that met to consider those proposals pro-posals We rhall endeavor to comply with these requests, as briefly as may be consistently with a fair statement of leading points On August !l, 1S0S, the Czar Issued (through M Muravleff. rorelgn Minister,) Minis-ter,) the noted peaco circular (commonly (common-ly called the Cznr'a Irenlknn) addressed to the nations of the world, ns follows The maintenance of universal peace and a possible reduction of the exceselve armaments arm-aments whl-h welsh upon all nations In the rre-fent condition of affairs all over the sorll represent tho Ideal alms toward to-ward which the efforts of all governments should be directed . This Is the vtevi which fully corresponds with the humnnltarlnn and magnnmmous Intention" of bis Majett), the Umperor mv Austivt master IlelnK innvlnced that this high nlm agrees with the most esrentlal Interens and lesitlmate requirements of all the posers the imperial clovcrnment considers con-siders tho present moment a verv favors-hie favors-hie one for eeklng. hj wav of Intern i-lloml i-lloml rilciiMott the most effective means of ssurln? for all peoples the blessings of real and lssttng peace and above nil thinks. lUlnjt a limit to the progressive development of present armament During ire lust twentv vcirs aspirations aspira-tions toward cereral paclilestion have grown particularly strong in the con-Mlen. con-Mlen. rs of civilized nitlnns The preservation pres-ervation of iine his bun mine the aim of li.urnutlminl pollej for the eake o( peace the great powers huve formed now-errnl now-errnl ailiini es nnd for the purpose of establishing a belter cunrantfe of peace they have developed their milium forces In an unprecedented degree ami continue io develop them in spile of every sacrifice sacri-fice All these efforts, however have no vet led lo Ihe benellcent results or the rietilred paclllcnllon The ever-lncreasin financial burdens attack publh prnxperllv at Its very roots The pbelcal and Inlelleitual slreiiKlh of thn people, labor and capital Hre divined, r r the greater pirt. troni their naiural aonllcailon and waited un-prnduellvclv un-prnduellvclv Hundreds of millions oro spent tn obtain frightful weapons of de. itructloii which while being regarded to ilav as Ihe latest Inventions if pi lence are destined loinorinw to he rendered nbso'ele b pome mw cllsrowr) Natlonul iiiliure 1 1 on imlcal progress ami the prr d n tlon if wealth aro either pamlyaen or turned Into foltte diunnelx of development rtiirtfiirc ihe more the arnisment rt eaili poce, r Increase the less iht answer to tho purposes and Intentions of the sow ernments I'lonomlc rllsturhami s are caused In greet meamire by tlib svsiem of extrnordlnarj armament and ihe danger lying In this accumulation of wm material lenders th armed peace of tnrtuv a r ruh. Inir bunlen mor and mon dirrliuit lor he nations to bear Ilvldentlj tmrefore, If Ihls sltuntlon lie prolonged It will cer-talnlv cer-talnlv bad io thut very rtl-usicr which It Is aired lo av'old and th. horrors of which strike the human mind with u rror In anticipation li Is ihe supreme duly therefore at the i resent moment of all states to put IV.'V'J'Ii'J1. '" th""' unerasing ar nament and to nnd moans of avcrilns; ihi calami His whiih threaten ihe whol world Im-t-r.'!'''-,-b lh,E '""' '".i majesty the Emiirnr has been i leased lo command me io propose to ill governments uccied-Ited uccied-Ited to the Imperial court th meeting of .lonar'i.1', '" ?'"" thl grave, iob-lem iob-lem Such a conference, with liod'e help wo il I be. a happ augury for tho opening i-I',i"'.k-, it. V1''.' ROffwfully concen-traie concen-traie the effona of all Slat which aln-,'h aln-,'h ih"." iu ". th? ,r"i''h of Ihe Kisnd Idea of inlversal peac over the element of uouhle and discord li would fh.'eKeiV" "n," I" lh,ir KTmni bv the prlnrir u oi law and equity which suppcrt the security of Stat, and the welfare of people Tho circular was received with favor generally throughout th world, but Lord Sallabury suggted that there should be something more peclfic, an indication of the special point to which th conference should address Itself In reply on December 30th of the name year Count Murnvleff, at the Czurs order, formulated a second clr-cular. clr-cular. which scheduled the restriction arid diminution of armament, tho extension ex-tension of arbitration a a mod of settling1 differences without war, and the modification of the law of war so a lo bring them mole nearly In accord with modern Idoa of humanity and clvlllziitlon, as speciro point for ti,e proposed congres tn lon.ider nc aio suggowed, in older that Hie w,k ot ,ho tuna-leva might not be hnmpeied bv tho contact ot political influence,, nml It le not held at tho capital nf any fcroat power A i rilnfcly the Peer onf renc as -cmbled ut The JUku u M ,y , ,SM Laron cic n I Ih lift ,, ,,., Uu t an delegate, waa made rref, dent Tho Limed bute, Germany, Austria-iiun. gary. Belgium, China. Denmark, Spain, Tranre Great Britain, Oreece, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg the Netherlands, Persia, Portugal, Roumanln, Russia, s-ervia, Slam, Sweden nnd Norway, Switzerland, Turkey and Bulgaria were represented Tho delegates remained In session until July Mth. The Conference wns divided Into three commissions. The first dealt with the restriction of nrmsments nnd of military expenditures, the necond, with the law governing civilized warfare; the third, with the question of arbitration arbitra-tion Many proposals were submitted by the various delegations, but few of them found expression in the Una! de-tcrmlratlons de-tcrmlratlons Not Ing could be formulated ns tn the reduction of armaments or the re-etrlctlon re-etrlctlon of military expenditures Germany Ger-many instated that her army establishment establish-ment waa net a burden but a benefit In the trnlnlng of her citizens, and It was the g' aernl conrenvus that no nation cculd consent to have other nations Interfere In-terfere in the meaeurea which It considered con-sidered to be necesrary for Its own safety, peace nnd dignity. On the second division, the Conference Confer-ence agreed to prohibit for five enra the throwing of projectiles from balloon bal-loon or by other new nnalogous means, to prohibit the u- of projectile projec-tile whose sole object Is to diffuse as-phyxlating as-phyxlating or deleterious gases, tn pro. hiblt the use of bullets which expand or flatten easily in the human body, n, for Instance, bullets with a hard ense which case docs not cover the whole of the inclosed maaa or contains Incisions. The principles of the Geneva convention conven-tion of ISM, supplemented by the nrtl-cle nrtl-cle added In the convention ot 156S, for the amelioration of the hardships nd horrors of war, the aid and succor of tho wounded, the treatment of prisoner, pris-oner, the right of neutrals in this regard, re-gard, etc. were nfllrmed to a considerable consider-able exient, nnd the Idea of special ar. rangements between belligerent-) to mitigate the severities of war was encouraged. inner tne tnirn tine, meaiauon ami arbitration, the declaration were very long, comprising slxty-onc articles The signatory powers aaree to "employ all their efforts to bring about, hy pacific means, the solution of the difference differ-ence which may arlso among states," and thorn; signing ngrce lo have re course, so far ns clrcumBtunccs will allow It," to such mediation Provision was made for a permanent court nf arbitration, ar-bitration, with nn International bureau at The Hague, under the direction nf n permanent secrctar -general, each of the signatory powers to designate four pernons nt the most, of recognized competence In questions of international interna-tional law, nnd enjoying tho highest esteem, nnd ready to accept the duties of orbltrators" There was also provide pro-vide 1 n permanent council, composed of the diplomatic representatives of the signatory power lesldcnt at The Hague, charged with tho establishing nnd organizing nt tho International arbitration ar-bitration bureau. Tho delegates of the United State, in signing tho arbitration ngreemint, made this reservation. Nothing contained In this convention shall ho so construed ns to require) the. United States of Amerlct to depart from Its traditional policy of not entering upon Interfering wllh or entangling lleolf In the political questions ot Internal administration admin-istration of nni foreign htnle nor shall nnMhlng contnined In Ihe salt convention be construed to requlro a relinquishment bv Ihe United Stales of America nt Its traditional nttltudo toward purely American Amer-ican questions Turkey signed, with the reservation that arbitration must bo purely optional, op-tional, and must never become Intervention Inter-vention The Conference closed with a stipulation stipu-lation ns lo tho methods hy which slate not then signing in full or In part, might sign In tho future, nnd how this Blgnlng might be made known Slnco ,e adjournment nf the conference, confer-ence, many Hitch signatures have been appended, gome by stutes not tcprc-sented tcprc-sented therein. In part mostly, and somo by states th it were represented, In a fuller degree than accepted nt the time Question specifically named for reference to future congresses were a proposal (by the United States) to declare de-clare the Inviolability of private prop. crty In war nt sen, und a proposal regulating reg-ulating the question nf bombardment of ports, toniiH and villages by a naval force. |