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Show THE NATURE OF VOLCANOES. Trof N S bhaler of Harvard, master mas-ter of geology treats of volcanoes In the Juno number of Ihe North American Ameri-can Hevlew He proves thit they are the results of explosions of steam the lock and water that have long lain In the earth taking the lino nf leust teslstnnco along some "fault' In tho mrntn, and reaching tho surface at a temperature of something like MOO degrees de-grees rnhunheit Ho shows hy tho location of the active volcanoes Hut none or them Is very far from the sea, Bnd his theorj Is that the erupted tnut-ter tnut-ter Is the watir-sonked rock that has been deposited ages ngo, under thousands thou-sands of feet of nea bottom, moving tipwaid under tremendous pressure till It is ejectvd In superheated form Ho describes his Inspertlnn ot Vesuvius In Its mild erurtlon (,f jsss. showing that tho suieesslvo explosions cume precisely as tho explosions of tho strain In a locomotive The energy of these explosions varies greatly. Those of St. Vincent aid Mont lMee wcio goologl. tally Insignificant compared with the krakatna explosion whl'h was it hun-drtd hun-drtd times ns violent and which threw such masses of volcanic dust Into tho till us made mldi Ight darkness many hundreds of miles fiom the point of eruption and so line that much of It floated for three cars all the earth about before It tame to rest, and some part of It appoarn to have scattered Into what were called "shining clouds," which gradually rose higher nnd higher until they seemed to escape from our nlmosphere. What, then, made these comparatively trifling explosions such horrible calamities" Undoubtedly, tho direction of the wind, which carried the mephltlo gases nnd coarse ash to the filed town, and quickly suffocated the people there, much of these fatal fumes being composed of carbonic ncld gas, which was mingled with sulphurous sulphur-ous fumes bore down by the scorla-ladcu scorla-ladcu air At the same time, the eruption erup-tion wan proline of volcanic bombs that Is masses of lljlng Inva which take nn ,t roughly spherical form, and hardening harden-ing on Ihe outside, discharged misses of naming fluid lire ns they struck on the houses and were broken Prof frholer thinks It will be pos-slble pos-slble to plve warning nt approaching volcnnlc explosions, b systematic observations ob-servations nlons the volcnnlc belt, Instancing In-stancing the fact that the explosion or souffrlereon St. Mncent followed qttlck-Iv qttlck-Iv the explosion nt .Mont I'clee on Martinique Mar-tinique nnd thus the terrible destruction destruc-tion or life mny be averted Dut on the whole he concluded that for the magnitude of tho forces brought Into plo b volcanic eruptions, the loss ot life from them have been singularly small compared with the destructions of war and pervcntablo or curable dls-e dls-e ise, and "that life Is here nn tho result or at least a hundred million ears or uninterrupted progress, chows that the Interference of thc under-enrth with the course of life has not been serious," |