Show r I t r T Le l ll 4 4 l I q I M 4 f I I s- s j 4 1 4 c cm 4 4 1 43 I r r r F Cal eIno r G 1 I II 4 n 1ST CO ZO cars ears ago the first f I I I Atlantic cable after an unI unI unsuccessful un un- I 1 1 II successful tul attempt the II It year r before was as lai laid beJ between be be- i ll J tWe tween n Island sIanO Ireland Ireland Ire Ire- land and Trinity Bay New New- foul lanct an and the first official messages mes mes- sages ages were Interchanged changed between and antI tho first official mes- mes Queen Victoria and President Buchan- Buchan an In Then the cable was a wonder ot of the world Today the cable Is s scarce earce- scarcely arce- arce ly Jr noted It is looked upon today us Its though it had always been for thero are arc In operation in fn various parts o of the world more moro than 2000 the cables with an aggregate length or ot about miles over which millions of messages arc oro sent annually Of Ot these 13 connect tho the United States with Europe across tho Atlantic while three span from rom South America to Africa From San Francisco cables sti stretch etch across tho Pacific to tho the Phil- Phil pines and to W Honolulu whence other cables lead leado to o Australia om and the mainland mainland mainland main main- land of or Asia From British Columbia there also abo stretches across the tho bottom bot- bot torn tom of ot the Pacific a cable to Australia so o that with the connecting telegraph lines one might ht well Ea say that the globe is Is well girdled Laying cables today Is but a a. com com- commonplace commonplace place mon-place bit of ot work but hut in 1858 when nhen the laying of or the tho first cable was was was' accomplished on July 29 29 by by tho the United States tes ship Niagara and his majesty's ship A Agamemnon the tho oc oc- oc casion Was vaa one of great rejoicing in Inlew New l' York and London It was not until n nearly i a month later however that the tho miles of wire were read ready for the thc transmission of or mes meso sages a acs cs The Queens Queen's Mc It was then that the tho British Queen QueenS S cent the following following- Tho queen desires to congratulate U o President upon tho the successful completion of this great International work In which tho the queen has taken rolen takena a great Interest The Thc queen Is 1 convinced con that the President lelent n wm III Join her In fervently hoping that thit tile the electric cable which connects Great n Britain with the tho t o an link between nations whoso friend ship snip Is founded upon common Interest and reciprocal esteem The queen has much pleasure i it in thus communicating with the tho pr sl- sl dent and renewing t to him her wishes for or prosperity of or tho United States To lo this gracious I greeting Buchanan replied The President cordially reciprocates reciprocates cates tho congratulations of 01 her majest maj maj- est esty the queen on the tho success of ot th the great international enterprise pUshed b by the science skill and In Indomitable indomitable In- In energy of the two countries it n Is a triumph more glorious because because because be be- cause far more useful of mankind than has ever o won by b conqueror on hold field of battle Ma May lay the Atlantic telegraph under the blowing bLessing of ot Heaven m prove to be bo a bond of perpetual peace and friendshIp friendship friendship friend friend- ship between tho the nations and an In Instrument Instrument In- In strument destined by Divine Pro Provi Provi- vi- vi dence to diffuse religion civilization liberty and law throughout the world In this view lew will not all nations In Christendom spontaneously unite In Inthe Inthe Inthe the declaration that It shall be forever for for- ever oter neutral and anti that its communications shall bo ho held sacred In to their places of destination even oven In Inthe Inthe the midst of hostilities The Tho Cubic Cable in War ur In framing the last paragraph othis of ot his messa message e It is apparent that th President President Pres- Pres dent Buchanan was was- inclined to believe be be- lieve that the he cable ble would be the only one ana and ho ne ilia lid well to recommend that it be rov revered in time of or war In later inter however tho the cable became all important in war and during tho conflict between this country and Spain the severing of or cable communication tion formed a most Important part of the work worl to our navy It was the severing so of or tho cable at Cardenas that cost Worth orth Bogle Bagley his life for while this pluck young officer and antI his men were at work a squad i of or Spaniards s fired filed upon them When Admiral Dewey captured Manilla Manilia almost hs his first act was to cut the tho connected with tho the United UnIte States Ills reason it Jt is said was that ho hu did lel not want to be bo hampered with Instructions from Washington But flut to return to tho n t cable On cm r f Bc the tho day ay following the interchange o or of messages between the tho President and demonstration demonstration demonstration demon demon- the queen thero was a great In New Now York A salute of ot guns huns was fired hugs Hags were flung to tho the breeze bells w were re rung and at al night ht the city was brilliant Ilium- Ilium On September 1 a n. great grent public ovation ovation ovation ova ova- tion surpassing an anything ever held in InNe New Ne' York up UI to that time was tendered tendered tend tend- ered Cy Cyrus rub W W. I Field head of or tho tue cable enterprise and his able ablo assistants assistant It was wa In indeed eed a 0 occasion and a fitting tribute to the men who had lad overcome all nil obstacles and who had accomplished what chat man many had declared do- do dared impossible Lo Loss of or First Fils Cable after arter about messages messages mes- mes sages ages had passed the cable It broke It was a sad blow to lo Mr Field and nd his associates and It was not until 1866 1865 that the project was waB again taken up p This Timis time the famous steamer Great Eastern was engaged Tho first attempt was a failure but bul tho follow follow- lug Ing ig year the victory Ictor was won and bytho by hy tho ho latter part of ot Jul July of that year miles of cable more more and and this time permanently bound the theOld theOld theOld Old n and d tho the New World orld to together ether Two months later tho the Great recovered and antI spliced together tho the she sho ho lost tho the year before and since then communications has hilS n cr been interrupted d. v 1 I j V I It is notable to recall that hat before the cable laid In 1858 became useless ono of or the messa messages es reported tho the collision collision col cot between the Europe and the Arabia tho the news saving fully which would have been spent In extra Insurance on the tho tho ves vessels eIs and 4 their cargoes Looking Looking- backward now upon tho the of ot the submarine cable and b how the ordinary happenings happenings happen happen- ings InKs in tho the most remote portions of or orthe time the globe Iobe are ed In our daily papers wo we find It difficult to realize that only a half a century ago this striking feature In modern journalism the tho foreign cable news was non existent rue Tho great battles of or the Civil war were not recorded In Europe until nearly two weeks after they occurred and ani their effect upon ulon the International al diplomacy was not known here for fora a n. similar period and and because of ot this deh delay y occasions of estrangement and discord arose which would b be Impossible sible today with speedy means of ot com coat m U n. n The et Service In the time curly COs CDs the average oc ocean an nail mall boat was 13 da days en route rout from Liverpool to Now york York but bUl on then the seventh h day out thc the pm od close to Cape Race on the Newfoundland Newfound Newfound- land coast A telegraph line was ox- ox tended to the cape from thero there a small boat was sent out to Intercept the liners liner's lin Un- ers er's as they thoy pass passed d. d Every er E liner thus be- be became became came a a. a news boat and on reaching a point abreast from Capo Cape Race Race delivered ere ered her budget to the small sinai boat In thick weather the tile budgets were put in a specially constructed canister and thrown overboard to bo picked up later inter The contents of tho the budget were wore I telegraphed from the capo cape to St StJohn's Sri Johns John's then across Newfoundland to to Cape Ray thence by a short submarine ine inc cable to Capo Cape Brenton and arid from there b by rela relay to Now New York By this method four Cour or 01 five flYe days ays were saved sayed and It was a service serico efficiently maln- maln from May 1 to December 31 In the intervening months the serice servIce service ser ser- vice ice was Irregular ular for Cor tho the terrific storms and acres of oC Ice fK es off Cape Capo Race Raco prevented pre the ships from approaching approaching ap ap- ap- ap close enough to oven ovon drop their canisters and even If It they did tho the email boats could not get gel out to roach them More 1 than ono one daring skipper nearly lost hla vessel In at attempting at- at tempting to deliver In those those- t tempestuous ous waters Ono great liner nosing her hi way In was brought ht up Ul when withIn within with with- in In n ft tho 1 hugO cUr cliffs f i j r I l 4 4 s i J p it d dI I I j 4 1 fr A 1 1 t 4 A 5 I. I p 54 S sp x gg W r v rAL 3 y f M I and anel sure destruction Another was warned m away may ay from tho the reefs by fishermen fishermen fish fish- ermen men shooting guns uns The Tho Allen AUen liner Saxon Anglo-Saxon was was not so no fortunate Earl Early on tho mornIng mornIng morning morn morn- ing of or April 27 27 1863 she was making her hep wa way In through a dense fog when she struck on the reefs reefa at Chance Cove or Of the roula on board hoard only were f saved ved and these by the tho new news a service boat bont Th The news boat service was one ono of exceeding hardship and the work was dangerous at all ail season s' s of or the year Car CarThe The rugged ruge shore line raising raisIns In most places sheer from the water afforded no shelter for tor the small boats They had to be entered by c down the faces of ot tho the cliffs on ladders Two boats were maintained ono ormo on each side sidd of or tho the cape but ott the weather was such Buch that either could be launched Even If It the tho boat could be launched and tho the ship reached e and tho the budget secured the th return was even moro more perilous In the breaking s sea a amid hidden n reefs The Thc I Ln t The taking of or the tho last budget delivered de delIvered delivered de- de livered oft off the cape was on Christmas eve 1865 and und was was' attended by ter- ter blo ble suffering on the part of ot the crow It was a bitter cold da day with a gale galeand galeand galeand and a heavy sea After starting the crew realized their mistake but they dared not turn back It was a case of reaching reaching- the ship In tn terrific seas or else perish In the awful struggle every man was severely frostbitten wave after aner wafe ware broke over the the gunwales and they reached the side of ot the plunging ship with their boat nearly half haIr filled with water By Dy ropes tho crew crow were haule hauled haul haul- e ed Sd on bo board rd and then after being given Iven dry clothing and having their sufferings sufferInG's alleviated the steamer made her wa way va Into a nearby cove covo and landed them with a n generous supply of Christmas Christmas Christ Christ- mas edibles It so happened that Just after the budget which these men brought ashore had been sent Bent off ort tho the short cable between Cape Ray nay and Cape Brenton broke broko and Newfoundland was wa cut off orr from front all telegraphic Intercourse with the world until the next spring for owing to the ice Ico floes repairing In the winter was Impossible By spring ng however howe tho the trans-Atlantic trans was In operation Perils of or H Not th the tho least loist dangerous part of ot Ui budget service was tho the maintaining or this the telegraph lines Ll across New through a country uninhabited uninhabited I habited and swept by sudden and ond terrific ter ter- rUTh storms The land crew faced I danger Just as often otten as did the boat crew In n fact oftener and many are the stories told of ot the narrow escapes of ot gangs of from five live to ten men who were caught In blizzards Once while a gang gang- of or linemen were war campe camped In ir a blizzard one OUe of the men volunteered to go for tor wood The pile pUo was about 30 paces away and ho laughingly declined tho the suggestion that he tie a U ropo rope to so 50 a. a as 3 not to get lost lie did get lost and It was not until tho the spring that his body was round three miles mUes distant In another Instance two men working close by their shack when a a. blizzard swooped down Quickly abandoning U their work they rushed for tor their shelter but the blizzard was een eVen quicker and It burled buried It beneath beneatha a drift of ot snow After a 0 long weary hunt the men finally located the ture b by l tre treading on the root roof They onty only got In by down the chim ney The laying of a no cable today Is IB beB beset t by danger danler for tor despite having fine ships especially designed and machinery ry to handle the heavy strings or ot steel copper copper copper cop cop- per and gutta utta percha It Is work or ot the most au kind In the early days It was Impossible to tell ten where a Cable had broken but nowadays there isa Is Isa a delicate Instrument that will record almost the exact distance from It to the severed part Reference to the chart gives the tho longitude and latitude and a steamer Is quickly dispatched to the place With a grapnel on a a. stout line lino tho the steamer sweeps to and fro tro until one ona end Is li picked up This Is buoyed and then the tho tho other end Is sought Both ends arc are then brought together tog and quickly spliced so that when tho the cable Is once more lowered It Is Just as good goodas as It ever was and stronger by reason of ot the splicing and additional wrapping wrap wrap- ping As cables frequently span from heights on the tho ocean bottom from hill hilt to hill bill as It were they are aro subjected to a great eat deal of ot tension an and occasionally occasionally occasion occasion- ally are broken b by being struck by a eo sinking sinking- vessel As a n general rule It Is la the natural corrosion and tho the tension that causes a cable to break but no matter what the tho cause It Is speedily remedied and It Is not at all an likely that there thero wilt will willever I ever be bo a necessity for again establishing lishing the budget service at L Cap Caps Cap Rn Haco e- e |