Show Raid d e By fay ELMO SCOTT WATSON MT F YOU arc a Northerner yoi yolk YOI probably think of Gen Cen John Hunt Morgan as a fierce lender leader of equally fi fierce rc hc horsemen horse men a n guerilla a B and Bud anda Buda a horse That mental Image Is la compounded of one or all oil of three Items Hems You remember the stories your grandfather titer told you of how he and ond his lila neighbors In to Indiana or Ohio their squirrel rifles or muskets back In Inthe Inthe the summer of and ond rush rushed Id I'd forth to defend their home hOlne land from being ravaged by a party of pf of rebel raiders You recited at lit school a l poems called I Kentucky Jelle by lIy Constance Fenimore Woolson with those unforgettable lines Morgan Morgon Morgan Mor the Raider Halder and ond Morgans Morgan's terrible mm men With knife and ond pistol are arc galloping up up UI the glen Your Your childish eyes studied wIth fascinated Interest Interest In In- terest tl th the 6 Illustrations la Iu some Rome old book book ably bly Harpers darters cr's Illustrated HIstory of the tho Civil ChI War Var and you sow saw for yourself how terrible Morgan Mor- Mor gan igan enn and anti his Fla terrible men meri looked It If you rou are a 0 Southerner you probably think pf bf Gen Oen John Hunt Morgan as os a combination of Menu and Rupert as the veritable veritable veri veri- table symbol of the lie ante helium South In 10 which till 1111 the women wOlDen were lovely and all the men were modern knights errant riding forth to brave and daring deeds dred on the tho backs of the tho finest horses Jn Ja the world And whether Northerner or Southerner tt you youver fever ver read The Little Shepherd of 1 Kingdom Come by John Fox Jr you remember In It the glimpses of what seemed to be one of the most Bashing romantic figures In American Amerlan history this same Gen Oen John Hunt Morgan Somewhere between those two extremes lies ilea the true picture of this man and It Is that sort which Howard whose book hook The Tho Rebel nebel Haider A A Biography ophy of John Hunt Morgan Las bas Just been published by tho the Bobbs Merrill lerr company om In ny has tried to paint Both Northerners and ond Southerners as described At lit the he beginning of this article will find much in Mr book to confirm their views but no one except an extreme extremo partisan can sorl- sorl quarrel with Ms his conclusions about Morgan nor doubt that this biography Is Is' Is Isas as ns honest as fair and ond as a accurate a portrait of him as os can be painted from the evidence available after the 70 10 0 years which have elapsed since he died In brief this Is the life Ufa story of or John Hunt Morgan Born In Huntsville Ala Aln June 1 I lS lie grew up In Lexington Ky Iy under the code of the young gallants of the Blue Ulue Grass Crass aristocracy who learned tho the arts of riding rilling fencing ng gunnery And how to scale a fortress fortrEss or or a 0 nunnery A student at Transylvania college at nt the ago agoot of ot sixteen he was wall twenty one when lien lien he enlisted In tn the First Kentucky cavalry to serve In lu the Mexican war He lie was at nt Buena Vista but saw little oilier fighting before he be was mustered d out the next year Ear and returned to Lexington to engage en gage In the manufacture of ot hemp and the general gen gen- cm ral eral merchandising business left him by his grandfather In 1818 ISIS he married Rebecca Cratz named for her ancestress Rebecca Cratz whom Washington Irving Irvin described to Sir al Walter Wal ter Scott mill and w who ho w was ns the model for the character char char- acter of In Ivanhoe I In 1837 Morgan founded the Lexington Rifles miles n II militia company of ot the young youn bloods of ot that town At the outbreak of the War Between the States Kentucky as ns a state tried to remain neu neu- tra lint But not so her spirited high young oung men Some of them Joined the lie Union army and others the Confederate Before the war was over o she was Vas to know to the fullest the horrors of a civil war Var with members of the same family arrayed against each other and once more to become a aDark aDark Dark and Bloody Ground After the firing on Fort art Sumter Morgan began beao drilling his Fla Lexington Rifles mop In the tho armory In tn that blot city and all nIl through the tho summer of 1501 continued to drill them under the suspicious Cl'S Cea of Union troops stationed at nt Camp Dick Dirk Robinson which had hat been established near Ix- Ix Ington Then one moonlight night In September some Borne of ot the Lexington Rifles eluding the vI vigilance via vig lance ilance of Union watchers slipped away down the pike hike toward towar the Confederate co camp III II of Gen Oen Simon Bolivar at Bowling howling Green Orlen Almost as os romantic figures ns as Morgan Morgaa himself WEre vero some of the tho men who rode with him There were his five Dve brothers the youngest Key IY Morgan Mor gun gan named for their famous relative l who wrote The Tho Star Spangled Banner There were two others who symbolized the two shies of ot Morgan's Morgans nature Hash Basil Duke uke Ion long his bis second In command chivalrous generous soldierly and amid T T. II lilacs a scholar and wit It charming to his com coin rates fades dangerous to 1 hIs U enemies Insolent to his captors twenty one when he be j Joined deed the army army army- a year older than John Jhn lIles 1 Booth Routh to whom lie III Lore bore so extraordinary a n physical resemblance that the tho vitality of the story that Booth was alive after QS j. j arose from people seeing Captain Hines anil and thinking It was was perhaps the recklessly competent man In 10 inthe the tho Confederacy raey and anti the only mind at nt work In inthe the tho conspiracies his manner of war ar was Will secret service plot escape the escape the cale-the the very ery antithesis of fluke Duke Then there ther was the English soldier of fortune St. St Leger 11 Grenfell Grenfell a a Ulan than out of u II book by G. G A A. Henty rather ruther than life on an Incredible ible figure who ho had been a Chasseur d' d and ame Inspector general general at years ears ears' of age In 10 Bragg's Braggs army and army and that Aril Arid of the Ellsworth the telegraph operator whose hose malicious ulI military COOle comedy y was to cause havoc In Northern headquarters Ills face fare had bud the tragic mask of the great comedian After Arter Joining Buckners Buckner's kner's army ormy Morgan and his Lexington ton nUllS nUll'S engaged In scouting and patrol work ork In It he began that career of ot swift I sudden sudden sud SUlI den raids gobbling gabbling up Yankee pickets and ond In 10 every enry way possible harassing the Union lI lines which laid the foundation for his hits reputation In inthe the tho North of being a guerilla leader It w was s a reputation which northern propagandists sedulously sedulously promoted even though ho he w was us a regularly regularly regu Jarll commissioned officer In the ClIp Confederate federate army arm first as fiB colonel of the Second Kentucky cavalry olry and later luter as a general brigadier com com- a brigade of b horsemen from that state UJ the spring of 1862 1802 be was wai already on his 4 S r y s y x John Hunt Morgan Meagan Col wc a at c Basil Duke y yS S 3 rrT Y Where Morgan Surrendered d dan Williams House 7 an Greeneville Term Tenn r p 5 I y wa wat L 4 t Gen John Hunt Hun t Morgan The Rebel Raider Pictures from courtesy cortesy Bobbi company way WilY to fame tame In to both the North and und the South At Shiloh he bu showed great groat courage under tinder the fire theand and when Beauregard fell back after that buttle but bat the tle it It w was as Morgans Morgan's cavalry cn who covered ered his retreat Then ihen came came- his came his bis first great raid into Tennessee Tennessee Ten Ten- nessle during which he ron proved d to the Federals that he was wal a tricky as os well ns as a bra e adversary Oa Ou more than one occasion he and his men succeeded sue sue- In to passing passin off as os Union cavalry av airy alry and Dud fooled Cooled not only northern sympathizers In 10 that region but tut the men meon In tn blue ns as well Ills His next raid took him Into l Kentucky as us a apart apart part of the movement made by Gen Oln KIrby Smith to threaten Cincinnati a movement mo which had hind the state of Ohio In something of oC a Punic panic for aw 0 awhile bile Lexington Morgans Morgan's home town w was wn ue their first They objective They rode rodo north for Cor the beloved grass blue through green forests and anti beside beside be be- side the clear Tennessee waters Thero There was nothing like It a again aln t the p long column singing froth from end to end delirious with the tho glowing Ing September Sep Sep- 1 er weather and the beauty of their beloved ed state Duke was Intoxicated with the romance of It the rendezvous ons and 1 wrote the tho Sung of oC the Squadron on the march Thus the romantic kind of warfare which ills fits so sn well t Into the southern southern southern south south- ern version of the hl Morgan lorlIn m myth th Another element of the same kind tame came the follo following III winter During the Christmas season cason Morgan was wall again lU Rebecca l Cratz Gratz Bruce Morgan hind Imd tiled dietl In bt 1801 this 1801 this time to Martha Ready n II young gIrl scarcely half Ills hits age Jefferson Davis 1111 1 himself came callie to Murfreesboro horo for the he wedding and th they y yere were ere married by yolk the rat gent who ho wore his robes over hIs bis lieuten lieuten- generals ant uniform Of this weddIng more later for It marked a turning point In Morgan's Morgans s career In 1503 came the great reat raid Into Indiana and ami Ohio w which tins has b been n the subject of ot so much legend leg Ilg legend end and ond upon which his bis fume fame Is principally based It U ended disastrously with disastrously with his captures near last and the Imprisonment of Morgan and his officers In 10 t the e state penitentiary at Columbus from which he and six of hIs bis of liters leers escaped sra 1 a few months later Making Ms Ills t tway way through the lines line Morgan went to Richmond where where-he e was al given n a great l ovation and a new new command d. d 5 But his next raid Into Kentucky was not only olly ollya a failure but brought down upon him suspicion of Incompetence or worse The fhe star of John Hunt Morgan toraD was wall waning fast tast and It set f for forever fur r. r ever on September 3 S. S ISO ISO-I when he be was killed by br Union troopers trooper In to the garden of the Williams home boma in Tenn Dashing and romantic a figure as as l and successful as lie he was In la the short swift raiding type o of warfare he may haY have been a magnificent lighter fighter In lu battle Luttle but he was not a great soldier Says aa his biographer A technical military book asserts that he tie permanently altere altered altered al al- tere cavalry ulry tactics and operations by giving up the saber and anti fi fighting his command as ns riflemen The he final Judgment of the Confederate rate high command command com com- mand mantl however howe was pretty much that of Brax- Brax ton Bragg who said laid that If it he came back at all nil from one line of ot his raids It would be as os usual after ere se losses and anti with a n demoralized command For Jor Morgan allowed himself to lie be surprised and ond defeated b by the enemy too often to be considered considered considered consid consid- ered a great soldier and the way In 10 which ho he alienated his best lieutenants and eventually lost the confidence and respect res of or his men weakens weakens weakens weak weak- ens any ony claim he lie may hove have to being a great greut commander Although he may have altered cavalry tactics he ho seems to have been blen lacking In an un understanding understand ing hug of the principles of strategy and unable to view the conflict In which he was fi fighting In 10 Its Us larger aspects Some of or his raids were not only futile but hut foolish and apparently based solely upon his vanity In 10 the tho early days of or the war warlie li lie hI experienced the thrill of oC riding In triumph at atthe atthe the ht head ad of his tits troopers lers Into his hla home town of Lexington there to be given glnn a tremendous ovation ova ova- tion Arter that lint he tried above e almost almust anything else to make a triumphal entry Into Lexington cost what It might In military advantage But nut Morgan organ Is not to be Ill entirely blamed Corthe for Cor forthe forthe the futility of his famous raid of 63 03 Into Indiana and Ohio According to the evidence presented In this book he made this hits raid under direct orders from President Jefferson Davis as ns a part of the Copperhead conspiracy In tn the Old Northwest Northwest North North- west cst It was timed to correspond with Lees Lee's advance Into Pennsylvania and If n as Davis hoped ho southern sympathizers rallied to the Stars and liars Bars as ns Lee Iee crossed crossell the Mason and DIxon line and Morgan crossed the Ohio the Norths North's support of at Lincoln's prosecution of the war would collapse and there re would be a demand for peace which the northern President dare not disregard But Hut Dai Davis ls Is undoubtedly had been deceived de do- deas as us to the power lower of the Copperheads In Inthe Inthe the North orth and they did not rally to the he Confederate Con Can Confederate f federate lerate flag hag as os he had hod hoped Morgan pushing on through Ohio found the populace celebrating the lie victories at nt Gettysburg and Vicksburg and ond most certainly not In a ft receptive receptive re re- mood toward him and his raiders So he be became the victim CUm of Davis Davis' mistake although lie he must bear benr some sonic of the responsibility of his failure because 1 he lie allowed hIs men to get out of or hand band and theIr looting of the property of Southern Southern South South- ern ern m sympathizers as ns well as os Northern a mistake mistake mis mis- take that way was l later repeated In Kentucky aud and Tennessee probably would have ha doomed the tho ex ex- to failure If It nothing else had halt However er Morgans Morgan's connection with the Copperhead conspiracy con con- hall had one Important result for him later It aided him to escape from ruin the Columbus penitentiary peni peni- by moans means of bribery and not by hy tunnelIng tunneling tunnel tunnel- In Ing his sits way out under Its walls wal as the familiar has It There fire are a n number of factors la to Morgans Morgan's n us ns u II military leader according to this It appears that during the months from April A to 10 July there began In Morgan Mor- Mor gun gan un a 1 subtle decay of will He lie hud hind to compromise com com- promise with himself He lie seems seems to lack all balance of mind Ho lIu U I one time lime too gay another too depressed in j July 01 he was going to pieces rapidly Ills HS mental Instability In In- stability was now close to mania Ills whole career followed the lie tragic pattern of those lives which never effectively ely emerge from tram the Irrational and Ima Imaginative Ideas Idlas of or a child The great Issues of the war became P thinks T fur for Wm hits S so that like Uke a child he be himself the center of It all nil He lie Is Pled lle with Ith Impossible fantasies there Is seldom assurance that he can an bol hold 1 to a decision Th There re Is no 11 doubt I of his vast attraction for both I men nett and women but gradually even these relations rela rela- I lons turn to con conflict ct anti ami so 80 that In the ent end his whole command turns awa away from tram the place Nace where he Is dying After the war his body was WOl brought back Lock to Lexington to lie In tIle the lot with the Morgans the Hunts the Dudleys and the Dukes Morgan Morgaa tie lie hies In he the Inner ring of |