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Show fruniersof the Cons! lint ion intruded when they conferred upon Con-fc'ivss Con-fc'ivss the power to levy taxes (both import and excise dulie.-) il was U'V ;iy iny the public debt and current expenses of the l-ovcni-inent. Sni ;i word is said about the great scheme uf protection that monopolists tell us "is the main object ill" national taxation and the sole cause not only of our prosperity, pros-perity, hut of our very existence." Jt is evident thai at lirst the oh-jeet oh-jeet of our tarilV was for revenue; later for revenue with protection as incidental, hut now we have in manv eases a prohibitory tariff, thus de- slroying ;i1h1 making protection the paramount and sole consideration, thereby defeating the original intent in-tent of tin' law. Thus "the power to do a certain thing is used to prevent pre-vent the doing of that very thing." I It is elaimed by the protectionist that Congress is justilied in this suhversion because this hold? "the American market for its American producer," and the competition in the home market, brings down the price of articles and compels the producers to sell cheaply to he consumer. Now to me this sounds funny when I compare it with a little experience that is demonstrated demon-strated before 'the Com mitt ee on Ways and Means in the House of Representatives. Kvery year the manufacturers are demanding more protection, they are constantly and clamorously demanding more protection. pro-tection. Is it the observation of any of us that men who have things to sell will travel hundreds id' miles, as many do spend thousands of dollars dol-lars to remain in Washington, haunt the corridors of the Capital, button-hole the members of Congress Con-gress and solicit and almost demand is no stamp on your match boxes and the price is cheaper. The internal revenue tax remains re-mains only on the luxuries, and any one can avoid the tax by refusing re-fusing to use liquors and tobacco, in any of their forms. This seems to be a just tax. Jiutthc tariff tax, by far the heavier part of the national tax, is raised by levying a duty on over four thousand diiVerent articles, nearly all of which are actual necessaries. This tax averages about G'J per cent, of the price of the articles for the privilege privi-lege of landing any of them on our shores. The method of collecting this tarifl duty may not be understood under-stood by sonic of my younger readers. The United States iias around its boundaryline and sea-coasts, sea-coasts, cities and towns designated as ports of entry, in which arc located lo-cated custom-houses. All persons are forbidden under penalty to bring any goods into this country except at these ports of entry, where the custom otlicers are stationed, sta-tioned, whose duty it is to investigate investi-gate the articles and charge the tax on all ta rilled articles. Some of my friends who ha vc landed at the port in New York probably will remember the examinat ion of trunks, ef.e. This tax, or duty, is paid by the parties who import the article and is added to the cost of it, and the bu3'er therefore pays the tax when he purchases the article the same as he used to p.-vy for the matches when they were taxed. And if the taritl'duties were reduced to a. revenue basis, most of the articles would be reduced in price proportionally propor-tionally as were the matches when the stamp was taken oil". mem lo continue me law or protection, pro-tection, lo reduce the price of what they have to sell? If protection is not intended to enable the producer to get higher prices for his productions than he would otherwise obtain, how does it protect and why this clamor? The truth of the matter is, that as the cost of the article that comes from abroad is increased by the amount of the tariff which goes into in-to the treasury of the United States, so the price of the domestic, article is increased, which goes into the pockets of the protected manufacturers. manu-facturers. '"His protection consists in putting a burden upon the goods of his competitor which foroeshim to add the burden to the price and j thereby enable, the American ! manufacturer to sell Ids gi tods at the j same price as the foreign article j thus burdened, but in b..!h cases the consumer pavs the burden as a J tax on foreign goods whicli goes to I the government ai.d as a protec-I protec-I fion on American goods which goes j to the manufacturer.1' 1 am an honest believer in a revenue tarifl", thai, is all that the framer s of the Constitution intended that we should demand, and it will affoi'd all the protection that a sound, healthy industry needs. 'protection not only causes higher prices of the goods protected but of other commodities. "Protection is an expensive way of building up an i ndustry. "Protection influence:: and forces the industry of a country from its national channels. "Protection is a means for de-ranging de-ranging industry and throwing a great number of people out of employment. em-ployment. "Protection encourages wo ik and lardy industries which area waste of labor. THE TARIFF. Strong Arguments Advanced hy "Farmer Democrat." Editor Bugler: By your permission, I shall endeavor en-deavor to discuss the question of tariff a little farther, but shall have to claim some space in an explanation expla-nation of the nature and object of taxation. "A (lovernment consists of an agreement of the people under it to submit to help enforce a certain set of rules or laws, for the mutual good and welfare of its people." The different forms are called kingdoms, monarchies, empires and republics. The government of this our country is a Demo.-Republic, or a government of the people, for the people and by the people, by means of choosing or electing 'a President, representatives and other otlicers to make and execute laws as laid down in the statute books. Our Republic is subdivided into slates, the states into counties and counties into municipalities. Each state has a set of laws, separate and distinct from the other, but in harmony and accord with the laws of the Republic or the general Government. "Protection discourages prod notion. no-tion. "Protection destroys atiod-given right of all men-lhe right of exchange. ex-change. 'Troteetiim encourages trusts and trusts always continue to wipe out small indust ries; maki s if much harder for small communities to engage in manufacturing industries which they would naturally pursue. "Pro tectum has a tendency to alienate the true American from all welennin industries which can stand on their own ieet by attempting at-tempting (o ride them on tin; backs of the poor." A FaKMKK lK1oc;AT. Kac h co u n ty and city has its rules separate and distinct from the other, but must be in harmony with the laws of the state. Thus in a government like the United States, each government subdivision subdi-vision has a set of rules or laws separate and distinct from the others, but all harmoniously in accord ac-cord with all the divisions above-it. above-it. Kacb has its own officers for enforcing en-forcing its respective law's and their salaries, with all other necessary expenses, are drawn from the people peo-ple by means of taxation. Each collects its faxes separately for its own use. Hence there are four principal kinds of tuxes, viz: city, county, stale and national. The city, county and state taxes are levied pro mf'i on properly and j At this writing, I have a copy of the great Republican model bill the "iMcKinley," and I find that nearly all line and costly articles. I hose that require much labor to make and finish and are used by the rich, have a low tariff duty upon up-on them, while the articles in common com-mon use by the masses have ahigh protective tariff. ; It is the common people, the widows with large families of children chil-dren that buy the common articles. arti-cles. Our laws should be just to rich and poor alike; but if they err at all it should be in favor of the poor and not the rich. The present protective pro-tective tariff inverts one of the fundamental principles of laxa- (ion which is considered justice in every civilization, viz: that "property "pro-perty and nof people bo (axed." It was the unju.-t discrimination i if ta xalion that brought on Ihe Ucvolutionary War, which resulted in our emancipation. These are the identical words of the Declaration. " 'or culling oil our trade with all parts of the world; fnr imposing taxes on us without our consent" and after our countrv becomes free and a rule of government, the Constitution, was adopted; Ihe specific object of taxation was (dearly set forth: "Congress shall have power to levy and collect taxes, duties, imports j and excises; to pay the debts and provide f' a" the common defence and general welfare of the United States." Thih shows on its face w hat the thus the burden of laxaVmn hills' on the properly owners, and the greater amount of properly an individual in-dividual has the greater his taxes; ' t lit less property tin- less taxes. Now there has never been any I complaint against this because it 1 i.s considered the "very embodi- incut of justice," except where the spirit and the principle have been vitiated by the servant of I he liulas to the national tax. it is collect ed on almost the opposite I principle observed in collecting the I city, county and state taxes. It is j collected in two way: internal j revenue and tarilf tax. The in-j in-j ternal revenue is a tax on whiskey and small liquors and on all forms of manufactured tobacco, and. until recently, on matches; but now. you no doubt have observed, that (here |