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Show GEODGE TROUBLES (. Sk V The father of our country has told s fyjt'' in personal letters what heavy (Hs JU - burdens he had to carry during " 1 vsifV f jj I the war for independence 'Mf jA :(fl, America. To waKe this name i . wh S, t1" Jc b$ honorable and to preserve the ff$f tf s ? W"V 4 Srt f t liberty of our country ought to t JjJ $&Z&k Jl ff be our only emulation, and he r J will be the best soldier and thf 5f SlS-r " f tSSiS best patriot who contributes f wF't feT I I most to this glorious work, what- t -' " myiJK.f V! ever his station or from what i ' I W--.;AV ever part of the country he may JTpf j VyjU come. Let all distinction of na- hit"! 1 Y..- . tlons, countries and provinces i''t'i' 1 x fytfhrs thereof be lost ln the generou ,. -fcMclr 4 A ECAUSE George Washington be- sr ' Iieve(i sincerely in the inborn In-I In-I G M alienable right of men born on this I l: -Sti. soil, or transferred to it, splritual-fj splritual-fj ) ly as well as physically, to the j I Jiil frults f freedom and independ-(f independ-(f I JC" ence ' Decause ne believed that this S ' nation was to be held by them r free of all oppression, whether in U II X the form of unjust taxation or any other infringement of the interests, welfare and principles of the Inhabitants, he receives re-ceives today the homage of the millions who enjoy the heritage of the free America for which he fought and which he helped establish. This, according accord-ing to an article in the New York Herald, which goes on to say : In this he was at one with other great men bred In the new, free spirit and atmosphere of the colonies. He did not seek to set himself over them, but to work with them, contributing as his part In the struggle his military genius and experience and his carefully trained executive ability. His ideal was the common good. For that he gave his time and strength unstintedly, risked his all and withdrew only when government was so well established es-tablished that it would not suffer from his retirement. retire-ment. Throughout his career the one reward he sought was that he might partake, "In the midst of my fellow citizens, the benign influence of good laws under a free government, the ever favorite object of my heart." Wrashingtotj, although possessing wealth and position, po-sition, although observant of forms and ceremonies, was in the best sense a democrat, a man who sought the same privileges and opportunities for everyone of his fellow citizens which he enjoyed and who devoted his gifts and energies to that end. That they might have them he not only expended freely his energies of mind and body, but he constantly con-stantly exhorted his fellow countrymen to prepare themselves for the high destiny that he foresaw for this- cpuntrj, first, by raising and equipping an adequate ade-quate army, a task that frequently hung leaden on his hands, and, second, by properly safeguarding their rights after they had been won. George Washington received less education In school than most lads of poor parentage do today. He left school before he was sixteen years old, and except in mathematics, in which he had advanced through geometry and trigonometry, his education did not extend beyond that which boys usually get in the grammar grades of the public schools. What he studied he knew, however, as his carefully kept notebooks attest. He manifested a special aptitude for surveying and for military affairs. This taste ' led to his having a royal middy's warrant, obtained ob-tained for him when he was fourteen years old, and only because of his mother's reluctance to have him go to England he was spared to fight for the colonies instead of becoming au ofliccr in his majesty's service. He had been Out of school only a few months when he got his first job as a surveyor. It was a good one, too, for Lord Fairfax, having noted the lad's mental equipment and his intrepidity, gave him a commission to survey his wild acres in the Shenandoah valley. So well did Washington accomplish ac-complish the arduous task that he was made a public pub-lic surveyor. Almost coincident with his entrance upon a private career young Washington Identified himself with public interests. Fond of athletics and sports as well as of military affairs, lie joined the local militia and when nineteen years old was made a major. When he was still In his twenties he won his first colonelcy in his gallant but disastrous first campaign cam-paign against the French. It was there that he first tasted the bitter fruits of unpreparedness. When Washington went to Philadelphia as a member of the Second Continental congress he wore his provincial uniform, an Instructive expression expres-sion of his feeling in regard to the crisis that was t0 enme In its way a fulfillment of prophecy for during the session he was put at the head of the irregular army near Boston. He found that army not only without discipline and equipment, but without powder. Men who had enlisted only for a few monlhs ran away. Washington ardently f.ppoaled to the Continental and Provincial congresses con-gresses to provide for longer enlistments and an adequate system of recruitment. Conservative and aristocrat as he was classed, Washington now favored the radicals, who sought to break with the home government and set up their own. "I have never entertained the idea of an accommodation," he said, "since I heard of the measures which were adopted in consequence of the Bunker Hill fight." llls stanch attitude was maintained in the midst of disheartening experiences, not only wilh the enemy in the field, but with troublemakers in his own camp. "I know the. unhappy predicament in which I stand," lie wrote; "I know that much is expected ex-pected of me; I know that, without men, without arms, without ammunition, without anything lit for the accommodation of a soldier, little Is to he done; and, what Is mortifying, I know that I cannot can-not stand justified to the world without exposing my own weakness and injuring the cause by declaring de-claring my wants. My situation has been such that I have had to use art to conceal It even from my ollicors." Jealousies hampered him so sorely that: he sternly stern-ly proclaimed: "The general most earnestly entreats en-treats the ollicers and soldiers to consider consequences; conse-quences; that we can no way assist our enemies more than by niaWjig divisions among ourselveK; that liie honor and success of the nnny and the surely of our bleeding country depend upon harmony har-mony and good agreement wilh cue', other; flint the province; are all nulled to oppose Ihe -em-mo,, enemy ami all distinctions In the name of America. To uiate this name f tit A honorable and to preserve the &tit ft liberty of our country ought to t "V(,l be our only emulation, and he will be the best soldier and thf "5i best patriot who contributes f - J most to this glorious work, what- t -' -"' : ever his station or from what- ' ever part of the country he may l come. Let all distinction of na- fc-4lT tlons, countries and provinces tj?i thereof be los in the generou j$$'M contest who shall behave with the most courage toward the enemy and the most kindness and good humor to each other. "If any be so lost to virtue and love of country as to continue in such practice after this order they will be severely punished and discharged from the service In disgrace." After the disastrous battle of Long Island Washington Wash-ington "once more took the liberty of mentioning to congress that no dependence could be put In militia or other troops than those enlisted and embodied for a longer period than our regulations lrvve heretofore prescribed. "Our liberties must of necessity be greatly hazarded, haz-arded, if not entirely lost, if their defense is left to any but a permanent standing army. I mean one to exist during war. Men who have been free and subjected to no control cannot be reduced to order In an Instant. . . . "There Is no situation on earth lesf) enviable or more distressing," continues Washington, "than that person who Is at the head of troops regardless of order and discipline and unprovided with almost every necessity. The difficulties that have surrounded sur-rounded me since I have been in the service have kept my mind constantly upon the stretch ; the wounds which my feelings as an officer have received re-ceived by a thousand things that have happened contrary to my expectations and wishes ; the effect ef-fect of my own conduct nnd present appearance of things so little pleasing to myself as to render it a matter of no surprise to me if I stand capitally censured cen-sured by congress . . . Induce a thorough conviction con-viction In my mind that it will be impossible, unless there is a thorough change in our military system, for me to conduct matters to give satisfaction to the public, which is all the recompense I aim at or ever wish for." This unhappy state of things was almost wholly due to the feeling manifested in several sections of the country, persisted in to the hampering of Washington's campaign and to the detriment of the cause. Congress was finally prevailed upon by Washington's representations and the tardily dawning consciousness that war was enevitable and that, being so, unpreparedness meant calamity. On December 20, 1TTG, he wrote to the president of congress: "Short enlistments and a mistaken dependence de-pendence upon our militia have been the origin of all our misfortune and the great accumulation of our debt. ". .. I beg leave to give it as my humble opinion lhat eighty-eight battalions are by no means equal to the opposition you are to make, and that not a moment's time is to be lost in raising rais-ing a greater number, not less, in my opinion and that of my officers, than one hundred nnd ten. ... In my judgment this is not a time to stand upon expense; our funds are not the only object of consideration. ... It may bo thought that I am going a good deal out of my line of duty to advise thus freely. A character to lose, an estate to fortell, the inestimable blessings of liberty at stake and a life devoted must be my excuse." Far from holding himself aloof and wanting to keep all power in his own hands, Washington .welcomed .wel-comed co-operalion. After he had been Invested with the dictatorial powers necessitated by the emergency of public affairs, af-fairs, the Council of Safely of New York apologized apolo-gized for certain measures they had taken in regard re-gard to New.Y'ork troops which were later discov- ered to have been an infringinent of his authority. Washington replied: "I should he unhappy in the belief that any part of my loiter In you could be construed into the slightest hint that you wish to Interfere In the military line. Heaven knows that I greatly want Ihe aid of every good man, and that there are not such enviable pleasures attending my siTuation as to make nie too jealous of lis prerogatives. preroga-tives. Bather than complain of your efforts In the military way, you deserve the thanks of us nil, and feel myself happy in this opportunity of returning return-ing you mine In the greatest truth and sincerity.'" At Valley Forge, where Washington's troops were almost naked, had few blankets and scanty food, he was moved to resentment against "the genlle-meii, genlle-meii, wllhout knowing whether the army was really real-ly going Into wilder quarters or not, reprobating the measure as much aw If they thought the soldiers sol-diers were made of slocks nnd stones and equally Insensible of frost and snow, and, moreover, as If (hey conceived It easily practicab'e for an ' inferior army under the disadvantages I have described ours to be to confine n superior one, in all respects well appointed, wllbin Ihe cl'v of Philadelphia and to cover from tlepredalion and waste the stalcn ol Pennsylvania and New Jersey. ... I can as sure these gentlemen that it is a much easier and less distressing thing to draw up remonstrances in a comfortable room by a good fireside than to occupy oc-cupy a cold, bleak hill and sleep under frost and snow wdthout clothes or blankets. However, although al-though they seem to have little feeling for the naked and distressed soldiers, I feel superabundantly supera-bundantly for them, and from my soul I pity those miseries which It is neither in my power to relieve nor prevent." Washington made persistent efforts to get a guaranty of half pay for his officers after the war, himself having no personal Interest in the measure meas-ure ; he had declared from the first that he would never profit by it to the amount of a single penny. He deprecated constantly the jealousy of the military mili-tary part of the government by the civil department. depart-ment. "If we would pursue a right system of policy," he wrote to a member of congress, "in my opinion, there would be none of these distinctions. We f hould all, congress and army, be considered as one people, embarked in one cause, in one Interest, acting on the same principle and to the same end." "That I have not been able to make bows to the taste of poor Colonel B. (who, by the way, I believe never saw one of them) is to be regretted," he wrote In a letter to David Stuart, "especially as upon these occasions they were Indiscriminately bestowed, be-stowed, and the best I was master of. Would It not have been better to throw the veil of charity-over charity-over them, ascribing their stiffness to the effects of age or to the unskillfulness of my teacher rather than to pride and dignity of office, which, God knows, has no charms for me? For I certainly say I had rather be at Mount Vernon with a friend or two about me than to be attended at the seat of government by the officers of state and the representatives rep-resentatives of every power In Europe." Washington explained that he had reception hours every Tuesday from three to four o'clock, when gentlemen came and went, chatted with each other and acted as they pleased. . "At their first entrance they salute me, and 1 them and taik with as many as I can. What pomj: there is in til this I am unable to discover. Perhaps Per-haps It consists in not sitting. To this two reasons are offered: (t is unusual; a more substantial one I have no room large enough to contain a third ol the chairs which would be sufficient to admit it. II It is supposed that ostentation or the fashion ol courts could give rise to this custom I will boldly affirm that no supposition was ever more erroneous for if I were to give Indulgence to my inclinations every moment that I could withdraw from the fa tlgue of my station would be spent in retirement That it is not proceeds from the sense I enlerta'u of the propriety of giving to everyone as free ac cess as consists with that respect which is dm to the chair of government, and that respect conceive is neither to be acquired nor preservei but by observing a just medium between mucl slate and too great familiarity." In 170" Washington, in his second terra as prosl dent, wrote to congress that while he sought peaci and urged a faithful discharge of every duty to ward others, he recommended prompt measure not only for defense, but for lnforeing just claims "There Is a rank due the Fulled States anion; other nations which will he withhold, It' not abse lulely lost, by the reputallon of weakness. If w desire to avoid insult we must be able to repel It if we desire to secure peace, one of the most pow (M-ful Instrument of our prosperity, It must b known that we lire at all limes ready for war," 11 wrote. As he wished to a-oold war, so he also wishes t avoid alliances which might Jeopardize the pone oT the nation. "Against: the insidious wiles of foreign Inlluenc the jealousy ol' a free people ought to be constant I awake," he said warning!-. "The great rule ol' conduct for us In regard t foreign nations is in extending our commercial ri lallons lo have as little political conuecllon a possible. "If we remain one people under an efficient go' eminent, Jhe period Is not I'ur off when we ma deny material Injury from external annoyance when we may lake such an alllrude as will v.iu the neulrallly we may al any lime he resolved upo lo he scrupulously respeclod ; w hen helligereuls, ui ; der the impossibility of making acquisitions upo us, will uo lightly hazard Ihe giving us provoc; lion; when we may choose peace or war, us our h (crests, guided by justice, shall counsel." |