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Show Freezing Air for Hot Homes B Cooling by oloctiic power rrom oniln- H nry electric-light wires looks like tlio ronl H hope. Yet nnotlicr or the now summer H comrorts is round In nil tno various H schomes that nro Ijelng- attemptcU all over H the world. Best known Is the slmplo H dovlec rigged up by Prorossor Alexander H Qraham Bell in his homo on Connecticut H Avenue In Washington. Ho adnptod a H swimming pool In tho basomont for his B summer study. The pool was drained, and H thon rittcd up with rugs and chairs, so as H to be comrortablo. In anothor part or H tho bnsemont air rrom tho outsldo was H drawn In by a ran, passed over cukes or H Ice, and thon rorccd through a metal duct H to the swimming pool. Cold air sinks; H and so the tiled basin soon rilled H with cool air, the watertight sides prevent- wB lng tho rrcsh cool air rrom escaping. As Ejfl tho nlr warmed It rose and escaped, more H cool air taking Its place. H J. W. Moares, olectrlcal advisor to tho H govornmont or India, has Just porrectod H an lmprovon. nt over somo or tho oldtlmo H cooling systems usod thoro. A common Hj method was to run a blackened von- M tllatlng pipe high up in tho sunlight ovor H a house to create a drart, and so draw the H hot air rrom tho rooms. Anothor has boon H to cool Jho air by passing it through H screens or railing water. Ills idea Is to H build all houses with hollow walls and H hollow colllngs, through which rresh air H would bo rorccd by rans, changing all tho H air in tho walls at least once a minute. H Tho incoming air ho would cool by water H or by rcrrlgeratlon plants. H Toxtllo mills In warm climates usually H provldo cooling ror somo or tho rooms; M tho proportion or moisture in tho air H must bo controlled, and a Swiss spinning B mill solvod this problem last summer by H piping a cool mountain spring down to Hi tho mill and pouring tho wator ovor tho H Cold rrom a control station, as gas and H oloctrlclty aro now suppllod, has long H boon n prodlctlon or ruturo luxury. Tho H municipal artist or Paris, Eugono Honard, H at tho town-planning conroronco in Paris H last wlntor predicted that rorrlgoration M will bo suppllod to houses In tho rorm or H liquid air rrom tho central station. H in hotels cooling is a big succoss. In S tho recoptlon and dining rooms or the H Auditorium Hotol, in Chicago, tho air is B cooled in tho summor to an average or H rourtoon dogreos lowor than tho outsldo HH air. Fourteon dogreos may not sound Bi much, but It rools a lot. In Tho Man Who Kg Would Do King, Kipling tolls or that hour H Just bororo dawn when tho temgoraturo B drops to olghty and a man can sloop so H soundly that tho boat will not awaken M him ror sovornl hours. Hi The cost or cooling flvo hundrod tlious- M and cubic root or spaco in tho Auditorium M has avoragod twonty dollars a day, not Hj Including lntorost and depreciation on tho H invostmont in the plant. At that rate M tho cooling or tho air in a good six-room H apartment would not cost ovor thirty or H rorty conts a day, oxcluslvo or tho lntorcst H and doproclatlon or tho plant. It would M actually cost much moro than that, for H the apartmont houso would havo nelthor H tho advanuo or low povnr costs nor tho M saving due to u large operation. Yet tho Hj N euros do glvo hope that the cost question Hi can bo solvod. H In tho nitz-Carlton, In Now York, tho HI wlnter-hoatlng system Is partly usod ror H tho summer-cooling system. Each room B has a register at the floor level and one M at the celling level. In the winter warm H air comos into the room at the colling, and HI as It cools It drops and rinally passes H out through tho rioor register. In sum- iD HHKHHHHHHHHHHHI I nier tho current is rovorscd. Cold air comos in through tho rioor-lovol roglstor, rises as It warms and thon pnsscs out again through the colllng-lovcl cool nlr rogister. All the air In a room can bo changed every six minutes. This cool nlr comes Into the hotol through an nlr-washer, nlr-washer, which cleans It with a water-spray. water-spray. In the alrwnshcr are located rorrlgoration ro-rrlgoration pipes, which cool tho air as it Is bolng washed. Vory similar methods aro used by other hotels and by tho Now York Stock Exchange Water prororably cool and powor or somo sort aro tho only dally requirements or most rorrigoratlng systems. Tho principles are slmplo, though tho machinery machin-ery is not. When nlr is comprossod it bo-comos bo-comos hot which oxplafns tho heat dovol-opod dovol-opod in pumping up an automobile tiro. Artor a whllo tho air will cool orr to tno same tomperaturo as the surrounding air, but It remains comprossod. Thon ir It Is allowed to expand It will tako heat rrom overything noar or, in other words, will cool ovorythlng round it. Most plants use ammonia as the clement cle-ment to be comprossod, though there aro many others. Is Is ror tho compressing or tho ammonia that power Is needed, and lioro It is that tho olectrlc companies got their business. Tho compressed amonla, now hot, has to bo cooled. The ordinary method is to run it In pipes up to tho roor, ir It Is a large plant, and let tho outside air cool tho pipes. Tho air, howovor, needs a little holp to do tho work; so water rrom a doop well or rrom city mains is allowed to drip ovor tho pipes. This cools tho comprossod ammonia and It is ready to do its work. Tho ammonia Is then led in pipes to :ho place where cooling Is required; and, still In plpecolls, It Is allowod to expand. ex-pand. Immediately tho colls bocomo cold. Tho samo ammonia then goes back to tho comprossor and makes tho trip all over again. For various roasons, In most or tho plants It is not doslrod to tako tho cold dlroct rrom tho ammonia colls; so tho colls aro placed In vats or brlno and cool tho brlno. Tho brino Is thon pumpod through plpos In tho rorrlgerator and cools tho air. An advantage or this systom, which would bo or valuo ror a homo-cooling plant, is that tho brine will stay cold for many hours; so, ir onough brlno Is coolod, tho cold can bo storod up, liko oloctrlclty In tho storago battery, and usod to do tho cooling work whllo tho comprossor com-prossor stops work ror hours at a time or ovon all night. All these oporatlons have now been comblnod In automatic control. One small rorrlgorator systom need only bo connected with an oloctrlc-llght socket and with n small plpo rrom tho city wator supply, and It will run Tor months nt a tlmo. It looks as ir It woro possiblo to add to this dovlco an apparatus ror cooling air and sending it Into a room. This may bo ono way or homo cooling ror one room will bo rurnlshed. Such a coolor could be easily inclosed in a cabinet tho slzo or a small bookcaso. A cousin to such a cooler Is now a common sight tho olectrlc olec-trlc ozonlzer, which uses tho oloctrlc current to manuracturo ozone in a small cabinet and blow it Into a room Tor ventilation. ventil-ation. Saturday Evening Post. |