Show r tat X id iun iff loer anage mex studies s ies a A ewi V by walter G mann v forest supervisor kaibab national forest fer faana gerot gama ond inra game gs a docas doc lalona leils and cost aust abata information on thoo hoje doci a ions ho got saiad information in a erfal va wall by bild lild personal ob AtI 60 for tho the beat man 1 aown tk there die 0 must be detailed ilo aja atu aloa s that cannot be of tho the gamo itself itself bathe national foresta 5 mr r of gamo studies atudo itic aro being d on the broad ro ad objectives filch ard alq as aa follows tol lowa p 1 the carrying carryl cay of tho tile the extent ot of iboa com OKI between bt door and domba do lilos sl the host best methode roa rove the range by roost ro ost taj lis i nativo bronso plants weeda and ana of 0 biow phi tits biet better uto life history data acer wa I 1 j do tho the special condl ibid ilij gig mani detho the door deor by the J 71 f r I 1 dae 0 tho the carrying corryl ng ca VI ilaf tho the cavio wo we amual linow know annual growth of forato on the and what the plants can jan and d stall remain F tP 4 2 ow W tho pa int ty 0 of those these plants the number till auls on the range and the required reaul red by the lakinda U do animals of Itol retty wall known on tho the ab 46 what tho spa seasonal ional ranges aa beell mapped pine ink winter fall and spring shomer summer ranges and they aro are kwoll balanced aa to acreage ac armat et i 40 no necessity tor for adding from roni the area A naturals unit e and aad presents lal for a management without it hout fijn rf orenco from rom out tinged studios now in progress pro gresa ted te ceble ble to state just uit JA ng capacity 0 of tho the 4 catti A ranges Is that i how many head of livestock 4 and then than wo we just busl how many 90 1 on tio unit k alino how many ife established fenced botne pot neto all stock what ehg to produce jl those these plots ed only as ai a key kay to the S itu feci use we vo do not advocated infection generally and hava bave utaro are stimulated to it browned ai are arc fenced 0 alla fock but loft left open on oa 0 thai the inter interiors lors a aro r i e the s aboab the range ahe pa plants I 1 nta in somo some of tho the we t grazed CO 50 per cent can t and rge per cent the ilia fences aro are open plots frd g marked by iron stakes check on tile the present ki fehlbe the range all these plots fenced and unfenced are dl d or rather patches within I 1 loees by 10 feet aro id the mapping makes a aint record and anyone may iback fali in years to come no and tte 1 wl A i wo we would like to know to what extent the brush plants coin can bo be browsed and still produce tho max mum forage a and I 1 nit so BO op on the summer range tl the io aspon oli 61 the winter range tho the cliff rob 60 aro being browsed artificially by clip ping tho the annual growth some are clipped 25 per cent some 75 per par cent and some 05 per cent to know carrying cirr yIng capacity we must know the number ot of animals on tho the unit wo know the number of 0 cattle horses and sheep by counts bounta mado made of permitted num fiam of or the dam beral era to got not tin nit number of door deer Is a little more difficult every winter when the snow confines tho the door deor to tile the Binal am ablest loat area horseback rides and counts are mado made and the total number estimated counts are mado made in summer to got get perce percentage letago tago of tawna fawns and in ili spring for percentage canta go of yearnings yearlings year lings and increase another method of getting carrying capacity has haa beon been suggested but ling never been tried 0 on n a certain average avoral a plot cut tho the an nual nua growth dry and aad weigh it and uso use this as ag a factor to later dolor mine tho the annual Iro production of tile the entire unit thon then K ifko wo know the amount of dry forage necessary to food cattle horses sheep or door per day or aji per month wo we could figure the number cumber of 0 animals that should bo be allowed on oil the unit some plants are more desirable than others and palatability Is a big factor palatability may he be i dotor determined mined by noting whit what plants are taken first and to what extent extant and by examination of stomach contents on uie the kaibab national forest the favorite yorito fa plants on the 1 summer slimmer er range are aspon aspen snowberry wild rose and on the whiter range cliff rose and in tho the management plan therefore are we oro are using those these as key plants bell neving that if those these oro are not overgrazed over grazed none of the other wants flints will bo be overgrazed over grazed to got get definite 16 finite information on the tha amount ot of utilization certain individuals of meal key plants aig aie tagged the annual growth of twigs are tobito councel I 1 mid and mbA measured at the and of tha savon on they pio peo ahnen counted d and measured mens urfA and the percentage tago ot at annual growth that liaa hag mean deen taken la Is figured it works this way wo we think it if 75 per cent of the annual growth of cliff rose bushes to is oaten eaten the uso use will bo be proper the plant will remain vigorous lost last spring our studies showed that on oil an aver aror ago or of 67 per cent to 70 per cent ot of the cliff rose annual growth was taken so wo we say tho the plants wore not grazed to full capacity and that they should improve with tile tho present amount ot of stock on tho the range in other words the condit condition lon of tile the range plants planta Is the key to the number of stock to ua ba allowed on d n tio tho unit unil to determine the extent of 0 corn between deer abid domenilo Dome silo livestock carrying capacity studies will give us the number ot of animals which eat browse weeds and grass which should be allowed to graze on the range it Is necessary then thank I 1 to decide what tile tho number of doer d car ar grown w n on the unit shall be along ati with a certain number of cattle nd sheep on the kaibab national forest in ili particular we should bo be able to tile alms and ideals tho the number ot of door tho the number ot cattle and horses li and tho the number of sheep that tile tho unit should support to bring tho the unit into its boat best aud and highest use the study of competition on ranges between gamo game and domestic aril maia balg Is 19 very tory important and la ii a subject on which thoro there has haa boon been and la Is a G groot great doal of mi misinform sinfor matlon our studies thus far show that there Is direct competition between door deer and sheep they 7 oat tho the same flame things but sheep will eat more grass than door thoro there is 1 some rome competition bet between woon door and cat aro are browsers brow sero by prefer once enco but oat cat considerable grass in spring and early summer cattle aro grass enters by preference but do oat cat woods wooda in bummer and browse la ili winter tho the greatest competition between door deer and cat tle comes OU on tho the winter range when there la is enow allow and when both must eat cat brush to determine tho the relationship between the use of 0 range plants by door deer and by domestic animals wo we havo have constructed a number ot of fenced on the kalbak on both summer and winter range those these fences are so BO constructed that they will exclude domestic stock but will admit door we know thero there Is room for far both bath cattle and door on the same range in restricted numbers humbers we know that one tile the kaibab before very long what that relationship will be and wo we hope these theao a studies will give us ua a basla basis for that decision to determine best methods to improve the range by Rec Ree stab lishing hiding native drowse browse plants clover and woods weoda and introducing new plants two plots of 3 acres each have abon fenced on the summer range and on one aide 0 of each field th the as aspen pan trees have been cut to determine methods ot of at stimulating lating mon aspen sprouts under protection savor several al open plots have been clear cut or of aspen to determine growth without protection plots have also boon been established both fenced and unfenced unten cod to study the growth of and possible injury to snowberry op hedra alitt rose juniper spruce fir pine and others fenced plots are to study the plants under protection tec tion unfenced plots aro are to study the trend in range conditions unde det uso use some sol no experimental plantings of clover have been made but the present outlook of clover plantings Is that we cannot improve upon the natural clover already growing wild in moist places experimental plantings ot of seeds from brush plants from africa wore were made this t Is past summer in an effort to determine the ada pda possibility i of growing dif different forent kinds hinds of desert baush ti ush that might give a tor for ago yield than the native nafiye brush tex dellmus hell raus mus A planting was made up near leos ferry when this planting was mado made it was di discovered that the hills nearby were covered with a brush that grow grew abundantly on all desert soil tind and was 1 I as good forage the brush was said to have boon been Intro introduced introduce duc ed there 15 or 20 years ago it Is a specie of greasewood greaso wood garr garrott ettli ll seeds front from this bush are ahre being collected this fall and will be planted on some experimental plots we cannot hope tor for immediate ro results from introduction of 0 now new species alecie management must musk go t labba d on tile the basla basis of protecting and developing the fine species of 0 range plants that wo we already have bavo and management may change it studies give us something bottor better to got better life history data on doer deer tho the main part of this study has to doi with drift and distribution it Is thought that door stay closely to tho the home ground whore they were born and raised that they al tornate tomato between the same flame summer land winter range each year there may bo be a few that drift away to now ranges last year 35 36 door wore trapped tagged and turned loose lease to study this drift it Is doubtful whether or not wo we will be able to tog tag any thin year because tho the traps are located to fiso use water for bait and tho tanks are dry this thin study also includes ob observations sOrva on ages relation of df sexes eolos increases and losses and size aal 4 weight at the doea doer hunting campa we have and measured a number ot door every year A vory very interesting thing la is showing up tight now ilow hunters are not getting gotting us as mg big bucks as they beia were four and five years ago and the door deer generally are smaller alth although bugh they are tat fat the reason is ia this six eight ten tea years ago the tha forage on the entire kaibab unit was so closely eaten that it w waa dying out and the door deer wore were starving fawns born at that time were dogey scrubby and stunted and a stunted fawn will never become a big deer tho the deer being killed at this time wore the fawns of bix alx and eight years ago a few of at of them are 10 years old and since they were undernourished as fawns they are small email door deer when grown now the forage Is improving the deer are not so numerous and this year fawns are large many of the tha range fawns this year weigh 60 to 70 pounds when men the fawns of this year get to bo be six years yeara old od and more they will bo larger deer than the tha present average because they will have had bad good feed and living conditions to determine the special conditions and Manager management rient necessary for enjoyment of tho deer beer by the people there are several angles to this but the main ones are the value of the deer to summer tia s and in sportsmen hunting sp sportsmen arts hunting Is a method of removal of surplus deer but it Is not considered on that score alone it to Is an enjoyment by a groat great number of people mid and our management plan has sportsmen hunting as one of its main objectives when the range has boon been restored to its original productivity it should be possible to remove adb a definite fInIte number of deer every year just now we are in a period of readjustment tw tho deer are reduced in ilum numbers bOTS and the range Is coming back it may bo be necessary to suspend hunt ing on some somo years to allow deer t to 0 increase Inc renso wo we h chopo opo in the bears years to come to baarle be able to grow more door deer than we have today pone forage available will be th the a determining factor we have closed one hunt bunting ng area on tho the east side forage plants have recovered to buch an extent that more deer can camj be sup is ported and no hunting is being done there this year the value of game to summer travelers Is a use that fil furnishes as much enjoyment as aa sportsmen hunting curing during the past three summers wo we have counted the door deer in De demotto Alotto park a valley eight miles long through which extends the main highway these counts wore made in the evening just juat about sundown it la Is found that the best time tor for tra traveler velois s to see bee deer Is iii at sundown and also before bunup and the best months lis are june had and september weather and forage conditions also haye direct bearing on the presence of leer deer in the meadows on windy and daya doer inova around very ory lutlo little and few of them are aoh con ooh taij year there corb worb normal counted in ili demotto park in june aud and july but bilt in III A august very tow few wore were soon seen at any ane t 0 o ot of the day the july and august rains brought ohis and other green teed feed in the and there was no necessity tw for door arto to come into the me meadows adois during august toward the middle of september w when hen the began to dry bry up t the fi a deer began to be seen in ili tho the in meadows again find and on october 16 tho the first day of the hunting season doer idlor were counted in demotta park at sundown three inches off snow on october 18 put almost all of the deer out of bf the high coun country fry studies in relation to trapping and transportation of wild deer to other ranges tor for stocking pair purposes have been completed trapping Is not being done this year because there Is no ne necessity c etsity for removing surplus in this manner any longer hunters can now take till all tho the surplus some trapping may be done for tagging and study of drift and distribution efficient me methods ghods of trapping and transportation have been developed about 50 fawns were raised this year on the small farms at pro fre donla and kanab this la ig only one fifth the number raised the year before there is difficulty in disposing of these fawns this year and the there fo aro are about SO 30 for which no applications have been received tho the demand has probably boon tilled filled fawn raising will be dis after rhth kaibab fawns fabiis have been shi plied to 34 fly en t states for pirate a awl j arka ft M |