Show jie he belati relation on of 0 the athe press boutah to utah state ustate s R 0 it E with other states ot of the 11 rl 9 tt atah nn n 13 undertaken an ambi amb tho the ulal 14 road program r Is for te Q government B e t fitus purpose fifthe the counties to construct va te and rJ acted system stem of improved high olid will reach each every important not that thomasi maxi the chatwill ti atwill provide alth and th 5 r SiS form to lesl senias ervi cep as well as h tte 0 and 11 riter county trunk lines T ett interstate roads ettler the odowd aa ff form ays connections at state lines U bar amilar highways being con 4 td A in ada adjoining offing states ibal stupendous undertaking the this enlisted listed tho the has on ell aws the 10 es 1 government of the best a eng engineering skill pa country every phase of arf a is being made the subject of study and roads constructed ate re fa far su herfor superior to those laid a 11 has been abu years mrs 0 ago o congress rely tta it is I 1 its appropriations aste aito seven yea years rs since the fedi ab AM aid estem system was inaugurated and of alime pr at a time the congress has ampro to ed d or authorized appropriations ang tag ig about half of for 1 l sum ua has been taid pa d out for work shedo the balance is cither 4 h bame la gli a for baym payment ent for work now mv gress or will become available n WO I 1 initiated nitia ted w are during telco is projects years 1923 1924 and 1926 1925 to m government participation participation eal 0 plan under which this vast road als is to be expended is one of co aaion between the federal gov goy lit and the states that is to fit is basically a 60 50 60 pro proposition lOyl II 11 state to furnish half tae the total of the roads and the government jo JB other half however in the pub land nd states an allowance is madi made ut biffle tm patented lands which of course nab owned by the government for its IM of these lands the govern t pays to the states additional sums f be applied on road building costs proportion portion ro to the amount of public 13 ds within the several states utah one ne of the large public land states i this state receives from the gov ment per cent of tho the total it of federal aid roads as the public id proportion of the cost this is 19 effect a special road tax paid on yero ment lands and it if turned over aver to the state and ap led ed as part of the states 60 50 per cent t road costs this per cent ded to the governments 60 50 per int brings the total government per tate to and reduces the tes ates percentage to only ie other state in the union gets a arger ger percentage of help from the deral government and that is noia noh wre where t the h e pro proportion port on of gunpat te to p patented a t e anted lands land S is larger pt at state r receives e c elves federal aid to the tal percentage of since the exhaustion of the state toad ad lond bond funds the counties have leen en called upon to supply the anio amount urit lec essary to match federal ald aid allot ants engineering costs the tha generous help given by the government tove overn ment has made necessary call cali P f into existence thoroughly organ bed ed road departments in all of the fates tes the federal aid plan demands hat at this organization shall be effi slid and well equipped of I 1 ped to handle the ammense volume of work incident to s e economical expenditure of state nd mid federal funds the result is that 4 utah as in other states the effort w been to secure skilled specialists Pecia lists in ln road building work men wi which has come to be recognized s as a parate and very important branch yng considering the com S road vely short time tima since scientific C construction construct lon there t was wab commenced has been ta wonderful methods ind each year finds new and improved fm progress proved y has but applied to this work one to 0 corn pre pare recent construction with wory work done done five six or seven years ST ago t to be convinced that the ind sal outlay for engineer Ei I 1 n g investigation investment iss supervision has been beena a profitable III this to say that connection lt it might be well WP perhaps the fibich in agitation the past has been ilat aimed engineering costs of highway S himely has not always been or des by this arved it Is not ot meant bant sned tid w pon perfection has been at lot oa been or that in the past there have hive mistakes on the antia contrary have costs S crept into t the be wo work aki and zd ta 48 may at times have been erces that all Siy a of result what is meant is the di this has been bee incident to toad road development of the e science bf f Cn been br tion A no big thing las has ought about ly ec without cost i fc 9 it will andin road build lest twi gation 1185 be found on in 1 0 that we have h b such ch mistakes as guideposts guide ader posts ell made havo have been made ture T so f to br better work in the fu effort has haa abee ZAs utah is concerned the of ff the best h 11 en n to secure the services in en ln in and engineer anh every department other sterns ca ing costs as well as are ar subjects entering 06 into the work to ted to t the closest constant and most who scrutiny y it if it seems to of osa are e observers avers the tha from outside costs should organ that engineering tabe tb tl be cut lt it I 1 is s well to re road dade ds d de a t the ederae federal bureau of ermands PartS ye high effial efficiency ency in that tha t roved 1 I 1 i the i and 8 no vans lans are BPs aps BPI api 38 been to engineering done Irnine as abe ment lit i e gov of 0 the coats co ia paying about t three fourths fourtha it h has as estah and bearing 1116 in mind that established ard da s that 1 colstr instruction action stand have atleed no to he attained it will vill tate state toad anent to sho show that at the ta must maintain roain tain Y ef ta mt department si as a high 7 to do deeo to organic it is i econ BY HENRY member alem ber utah state coad if BLOOD commission use of federal funds it is felt that in somo there Is a quarters misunderstanding as to the to bo be use made of federal funds allotted to utah F from roni statements that tha t occasionally are made it would that the idea is prevalent that seem certain definite portions of the funds belong to certain counties or sections of the state this is a mistake the federal funds are allotted to tile the state as a whole and they are to b bo expended under the direct direction on of the state road commission in cooperation with the federal bureau of roads in localities tie and on i roads oads where they will do most in furthering the general plans of the government which looks to tho the bu building I 1 iding of improved highways for general use tho the state road commission makes no allocation of funds to ca unties counties or localities as such but initiates projects in conformity with the general schema the commission as at present organized makes no division of the state but attempts to administer its affairs with due regard for tho the interests of all concerned federal aid roads utah has a total road mileage of miles of this total are state roads tho the balance coming under the head of county roads the federal law approved nov 9 1921 limits government aid to 7 per cent of the total road mileage or 1684 miles this mileage is divided into primary and secondary roads the primary to be interstate highways and the secondary roads with no difference in the construction standards on the two classes of roads it will III thus be seen that federal aid can be applied on only about half tho the total state road mileage the fed eral bureau of roads hns has just recently proved approved al the states designation of 0 f 1430 I 1 miles on the 7 per cent system these roads traverse the most populous mentions suctions of the state and then improved im mt r 0 ved will servo serve counties having about a 95 per cent of tho the population up to the present time about 22 per cent of the primary and secondary second a ry systems has been constructed under un der standard specifications specification in addition to this there are now under un lor construction SO guilea i n flea of a ravel surfaced roads and miles of concrete paving and eight bridges with a total cost of tile tho 1923 program includes miles of graveled roads and 19 miles of hard surfaced pavement in addition to the mileage now under construction the cost of the graveled roads will be about and of the hard surfaced roads projects proposed for construction in 1924 and 1925 will involve the expenditure of As a matter of general information tho the following tabulation of rond road expenditures tures Is ia given covering the period since the organization of tho the state road commission c 0 mm 1 assion in 1909 LAND AND SEA the average ocean depth to Is feet the worlds land area Is 11 square miles the worlds water area ts Is square miles the area of the atlantic ocean la Is square miles total expended total expended total expended tor for construction year for maintenance for construction and maintenance 1909 1912 not segregated 1913 1914 not segregated 1915 1916 19 1917 1918 1919 65 1920 1921 1922 totals types of road utah has constructed a very extensive mileage of hard surfaced roads and the demand for a continuation of this thi s policy if cy has in some see sections been lufte ate i insistent it has been found however that the allotment of federal funds is so limited as to make it impossible to meet all of the requirements for this expensive type of highway it might be interesting to indicate what other states are doing in this respect A consideration of comparative road mileage will show that in utah the policy of building hard surfaced highways has been ca carried r further than in any other inte intermountain r state the following tabulation will prove of interest in this connection data on proposed aclo 7 system sy it em as aa of december e r 20 1922 19 22 1 federal 1 lilies total 1 7 per cent of 0 highway ay iy miles kllc T mileage agi leage system paved 1 macadam WPM colorado 1 72 1944 idaho 40 2814 2772 62 52 1687 montana 26 11 nevada 1640 1540 1620 1520 34 new mexico 26 25 utah 24 1684 1665 1655 wyoming 16 1690 while there is ia no doubt that hard surfaced roads are desirable and even necessary where a density of traffic ia warrants that type of construction it is believed that the greatest economy will result from the construction of standard gravel surfaced roads in districts and localities where the traffie traffic is not go BO great in general it may be said that four miles of 9 gravel ravel i surfaced highways can be built under governing go government vernin ent specifications for the same garlic cost as aa one mile of the best beat type of hard surfaced highway assuming that concrete highway will cost per mile and the gravel surfaced highway per mile inclusive of drainage and structures in each in stanca and assuming further that money for road construction can be had at 6 boop it will be seen that the spent on each mile of the hard surfaced road in excess ot of the cost of the gravel surfaced highway calls for an interest expenditure annually of 1125 1126 if we assume that the annual maintenance cost of a gravel surfaced road is per mile and that of a hard surfaced road per mile there would be a saving in favor of the hard surfaced road of per mile per year I 1 which W would leave a net excess cost CO st to the public of 1000 1000 per mile per year for the hard surfaced highway so far as experience has shown in this state and it must be admitted that we have not had either type of road i in use long enough to reach definite conclusions it would appear that a well constructed gravel surfaced surface Croad road where the patrol system of maintenance is in operation will stand up under ordinary traffic in a very ver y satisfactory is ip manner in a 4 state such nuch as utah with extensive outlying districts d s where roads are urgently needed it would seem to boa bea correct i icy y to build a greater mileage of lot gravel gr a vel surfaced roads rather than a cur curtailed tailed mileage of hard surfaced highways hights ays in order to ta reach more of the people every time a mile mi le of hard surfaced road la is laid it means that in the state there are three i miles iles of unimproved road that with the samo expenditure might ha have 0 been 1 brought up to standard as to drainage grading and surfacing ingo if the grave gravel I 1 surfaced type had been adopted ji it does not necessarily follow that the districts which are alven standard fiand rd I 1 gravel surfaced roads fire are to be forever barred from the benefits odthe higher type of construction As a matter of fact the two stage method of construction is recognized as being economical and in gene general ralf advisable by two stage construction is meant the building of a gravel surfaced road provided with proper drainage and s structures truc tures as a first stage this road to be used until such time as traffic conditions demand a hard surfaced highway when that time arrives the structures and drainage the grading and gravel base can all alf be used with little orno or no loss in the construction of the higher type of road this plan of road building is being followed in some of the most progressive states of the union even where funds are more abundant than they the are in utah moreover this is in rine fine with what we see in railroad building for instance when the denver rio grande railroad was built into utah it was a narrow gaego line using light rails rail 11 and small and cheap equipment As business was developed and income increased inc 4 was changed from the lower type to the higher type of railroad construction with heavier rails standard gauge and alid with standard eq equipment ment how many years it would have been before uta hs coal fields in carbon county would have been opened up had the promoters insisted on the I 1 increased acre a sed expenditure that would have been necessary to have laid and equipped a standard sta gauge road at first is a matter of conjecture but it is safe to say that by using the two stage staga construction in this one railroad venture the coal industry of utah was developed many years earlier than otherwise would have been possible the single track railroad is considered the proper thing until the traffic becomes of such density that double tracking is justified when the additional expenditure ex P end iture iki ia made applying this same reasoning to the road building program in utah it would seem that the policy proposed by the state road commission is if justified by tho traffic conditions that exist this does not mean that no further hard surfaced road will be laid in state it will be necessary a and nd desirable to complete links in the chain of hard surfaced highways notably the one between aari the juar county 1 line I no rerat and al jhb aho Kiv crossing eF there may be other sections where tho the traffic demands t tho he higher type of road but b ut in general it is felt that conditions conditions in tho state demand that greater road mileage bo be constructed with tile tho somewhat limited amount of federal aid funds avail able at this time leaving to tile tho fu ture tho the second stage of tile construe tion tho the hard surfaced road tile the wendover IlIg highway hway no talk on roads in utah would bo be complete without sonic somo mention being mado of the condover Won dover road which has haa just juat recently beem aia n ovad for federal aid bythe by the ilon hon henry ilear G ahr ll 11 r 1 lace sec secretary rotary of agriculture a after f t er one of tho the most bitter fights that th at has haa been staged anywhere in the union union on tho the question of road location the resent present state road commission camo came into nto the controversy when its members wore were suddenly taken from tho the peaceful paths of private |