Show H 1 BBB 8 i M BB 1 L M M 1 lull B ll 11 ka B fro ak il m ala M j 9 j sl E 1 afi K A j W ir H 1 it N i afi p g g M S 1 1 JW 1 K i 4 A Q X M I 1 1 az s jf 9 aej 0 mx 21 4 B 1 us wi m i ii sri f 1111 twentieth century lum juni 0 j ber jack la Is pretty much tile samo same kind of man mail that lie ho was thirty or forty years ngo ago when logging was nt at its zenith lie ho Is 41 f t alio 10 same stalwart powerful masterful ninfi of the woods there Is this difference however lie ho lives find and works under tinder infinitely better conditions than the old timm timers thirty years ugo ago the logging camps were built of logs the buildings were not much bettor better U than mil barns today th there re are dolne log camps built but buos of them ore are frame buildings sealed with tar paper they are comfortable in summer and winter in the me model camps callips of michigan an for instance tho the buildings are arc lighted with electric light thero there aro are bath rooms and every man mail has a comfortable bed instead of bf bunks filien with pine pille boublis forhay or hay years yeara ago the lumbermen applied methods metti to the science of lumbering and they saw briw their host best men would not slow up lip if they got tile the best belt possible rest tit at night the oien men pro also furnished with books and current magazines their meals tire prepared by cooks who ain know bwy their business 0 of f a SU sufficient varle variety ty to tempt even tile the discriminating appetite of the city dweller the jacks of Blicht michigan gan are picked men they form forma a most moat efficient body of workers for no man mail gets a 0 chance unless lie he has haa proven in the hardest possible school his ability to get 0 CO minutes of unremitting toll into an hour to stand great extremes e s ostern of tern f f per pera aturo ture and to the science of falling failing trees so they will not damage other trees block roads loads crush bark or shoot down mountain sides he must have good health be able to live at peace with forty or more other huskies arid and bo be able and willing to find ills his place in ill tile the woods on dark winter mornings alien the thermometer la in down to 80 degrees below zero tile the man mail who nho bears the proud nattle name of hick looks with upon the clumsy foreign laborers laboi cra who follow fo IV him in the woods and cut out tile small paper wood left after lie he has haa disposed of the hemlock birch maple beech and poplar trees the wools hunky has been surveyed tk the hick does not need a 11 sur survey vey because I 1 to he gets the pay lie ho demands does doe the work expected ot of him gets tile the 1 best of mid food wears vears high priced woolens the year round wears w eard shoes willell which never cost less than linn JO a pair and c nil lj get a job anany in any lumber in ill tile states for the as asking king the lumber camp Is a busy anil and interesting te place three times a day summer and winter tile the met men are called at five in tho the mottling morning at they hey imae break breakfast filst a bumping meal pared by chief cook and at six tile the met men start for their places t in the wood 9 working like mad until J tile tho dinner ong gong 1 sounds at 11 30 0 for dinner they get ct lilt an elaborate m mcd a the lumber jacks then eating catuns g great reat quati quan 1 titles of ment meat they choy are ft work again a ct t 1230 12 30 quitting nt at li 0 io H at dinner time in heavy cill balked calked ked boots tattered slacks or sweaters Bw caters of Sl Ivash the loggers pile la in from the woods red faced eager hungry os as wolves from their work in n the crisp mountain air they chev sling their legs ega under the tables w I 1 now Ivil watch tell em come comel I 1 flunkies Flun kleal kies and they call eln mahlon Flunk Sos white bulted gw ift footed W q never at rest flunkies Flun kies rustling ro food ta for the gods grent great bowls of fraer atut ierise colored color d soup made from tile the i J 0 kni logan tomato ninio to salm silmon freda fron the sea ben I 1 hefty big rouses rousts of beef 11 and pork succulent and r shining fil ning with 7 1 cr crackling bracklin acklin g potatoes es f resh fresh be benna ns corn on tho cob carrots in ili butter I 1 H crisp cold and green i kettles of 0 illee offee nod ana tea p biddings lid dIngs of every pies d linaas n A m 8 1 crackers arid and cl cheese 1 and the whole was wag wolfed wilfed in teu minutes I 1 talking Is n crime during durin w menial like whistling in i church burch no wonder I 1 sat there dumbfounded apart from the colorful ul scenes scene tho the races and types of tho nien men apart from the staggering size of this feast there vas tho the excellent gel cellena lent cooking coo kingl t salmon cutlets of ft a perfection which never before had bewitched my iny I 1 had barely finished tho the fourth of such blessings when the loggers began to get up aud and go the ave average rage camp Is composed of 40 10 men leq no more men biln being taken in than the beds will accommodate during tho the afternoon the cook usually prepares a bushel or more of doughnuts for the jacks jacka these disappear at supper after supper tho the lumber jacks have a jolly time telling stories of the chase of the high spots they have hit glien spending road stakes of navies they have spen seen in ili the cities of fights they have waged and of thrill ing experiences they have undergone in their work A lumber ennio camp Is no place for a troublesome man or for a man mail who Is not on tho the square the jacks are great smokers they net get their supplies at the company store practically at cost many of the lumber jacks read for they fire are intelligent men from among whom the future jobbers anil and bosses must conic come cards aro are not played for the bosses bant want its as little lighting fighting as possible the dining room Is hollowed ground in a lumber caulp no anc jack k being alloyed loved al to pass tile the threshold of the dining ro room oni foor door until the cook gives the wor word d tile the largo common common loolu in front of the room Is the winter club of tile the men inen this they occupy until nine when they go to bed willie while cutting methods have changed in the woods s in the past thirty or forty yeni yanis s it Is interesting t to note that tw two olathe of alia oldest of hand tools the wedge and te ax as aro are still lending devices in the net art if Is truo true that tile the crosscut cross crosa cut saw hs taken inken over some of the duties of the ifie dx ax but nevertheless a the latter Is quite bilto as necessary at it t ever was there are two methods of telling felling trees with the ox ax alone or with and cr crosscut cross oss cut paw bower driven mathine ant alne f for fell ing trees have been invented but the trouble lies alca in orting them to where the ark Is to lie be donea bonc through heavy m underbrush der brush pr or for a 11 i long distance over uneven ground on the other hand the ax ond crosscut cross cut saw can go wherever the men go thero there la Is no more interesting operation it lu tile the woods than the felling of a treo by expert lumber ja jacks is lk if tile the tree to la to he be felled with the crosscut cross cut saw tile the first arst step Is to cut it notch with the a ax ac c on oil that side of tile tho tree looking in the direction in which it Is in desired to have it fall nil this nuch notch to Is wedge shaped tho the under surface being horizontal nud and tha 06 upper tit nt nn an angle of 45 degrees this notch serves two purposes it t directs tile tho fall of tho the tree and also prevents bad splitting ot of tile the bole after the notch has been made tho the cutting with the saw san la Is started on the th opposite side of the tree and a few inches higher than the horizontal surface of tile the notch soon tile the saw has butted burled itself in tho the tree then the wedges come colite into use they are driven into the cut back of tile saw q preventing the weight of the tree from falling failing on the saw and also helping to direct tile the fall usually tile tree begins to fall just before the cut front from the saw has met tile the on theop the opposite side and while part of the bole Is still intact when this point la 19 reached tile jacks who are doing the ilie felling are on the alert since it Is necessary for them to stay long enough to make certain that tile the tree will wili fall and at ai the same time allow themselves a it few seconds in which to td male make their getaway with tile the saw the hemlock cutters go ili hi pairs A team Is colli composed posed of a and a fitter the latter notching the tree to be felled when tile the tree ja Is felled tile the peals the burk bark fro from 1 tile the stump while the otter with ills ax aix rings the tree cutting clean grooves around the trunk every three feet or so in order that tile the may peel ott off tho bark with hla his spud an instrument 1 strument ment ent something thing like a cuban nati machete chete after tho the tree hns has been si stripped ripped the two men cut it into ia 10 foot logs after tho the peeling die tea teamsters miters grab dr drive ave tile logs out of the woods to the where two expert bladders balting val ting on the lite spee lally bulit lumber railroads load the ings WB on the cars the jacks take their hand tit it building alie forests us well us as cutting roads for tho team aters swampers scampers Swam pers clear the roads inroads hittl and the way to the logs is as they lie la in tile the woods unskilled teamsters canisters would kill it a pair of borsai in ili three months lea meu can keep their hordes bores in good condition for years yeam the michigan woodsmen woodsman woods men work nil all y the tha year round few of the are married but they usually marry when they become bosses they are generous to a fault and blow themselves when n they ibey got get tb wanderlust they tilt from camp to camp they may lie bo in michigan today and on all tha way ivay to wisconsin 9 in mississippi minnesota or west afi gl gunla atila tomorrow they take particular pride ln in alio 0 of virginia cortri carolina and tenner see how to work and how bow to |