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Show Democracy Paralialed With the Doctrines of Re-publicanism. Re-publicanism. Tne Tin Plate Bug-a-Koo Taken to Pieces and Exposed. The People Should Not Ha Robbed lo Support Bloated Monopolists. McKInley's Tariff Bill Shut Off the Exportation, Ex-portation, of the American Amer-ican Products. The Injustice of Comparing- the Old Countries of the East With the United StateB. Democracy is the Only Safe Party to Which the People Can Look For Freedom. Stcnoprapliically reported by John W. Pike of the Kiist Judicial District Court. Through the courtesy of Chairman F. II. Dyer, of the Territorial Executive Committee, The Dispatch is enabled to present to its readers this morning the full speech of Congressman W. L. Wilson, of West Virginia, made in the Electric Hall, Salt Lake Citv, May 19, 1891, when so many of the Democrats of Provo and Utah county, accompanied accompan-ied by the Provo and Payfon bands, went to Salt Lake to bear him. The speech 'is as follows: Ladiex and Gentlemen, and fellow citizens of Utah: I assure you that I am glad to meet so many ofyou here to-night, and that I heartily appreciate the cordiality of your welcome. To every thoughtful and patriotic citizen it is an encouraging encour-aging fact when a concourse like this can be assembled, in what they call an "off year" in politics, to listen to the discussion of political questions. But, in fact, fellow citizens, with us, with a government by the people, there can be no such tiling as an. "off year" in politics. Our freedom cannot be laid away; it cannot be deposited in forms of government or in constitutions, constitu-tions, it has its abiding place in the hearts of tlie people, applause A f re people will everywhere have a free government. No "forms of government can of their own virtue anywhere make 1 a free people. And so, popular govern- '"'.'fc. . m it.RPji-etluc.aliorbw It is, the ?riuiit mov.'L.iaig into the very 1-. "stamina of the people of those great truths out of which, freedom springs, and by which freedom is everywhere to be guard jd and to be preserved. S UTAH'S PRESENT POLITICAL OUTLOOK. I When I started out on a somewhat I extended visit to the Pacific Coast, i had not expected to make a political s speech in the city of Salt Lake, but yet il find that I have reached the Territory at a time when her citizens are beginning begin-ning to consider. a6 they have never before been called upon to consider, those great quest ronsj of national politics poli-tics oil which the great body of the American people divide and upon which they wage their political politi-cal controversies, I am glad to be with you at such a time in the history his-tory of your territory. Applause and voice, "Good for Wilson.' I look forward for-ward with pleasure and with confidence to the tiiue in the not very remote future fu-ture when the territory of Utah, with all Those wonderful resources of winch I have had a glimpse in the last two I.'. days, with her industrious and patri-l patri-l otic population, shall be admitted into i the great sisterhood of American states, cheers and wlien she comes 1 want her to Come with that political force and that political training which phall make her always a power for good in the preservation and perpetuation of the free institutions of this country. Applause. OCR CAPACITY FOR SELF-GOVERNMENT. We have an idea that our form of government is a natural and an eas form, and we find ourselves wondering that other great nation? of the world do .not adopt .free intitutions such as we have in this country. But, fellow citi zens, if there is any political truth that stands out prominent and incontestible in the history of the world, it is that free government, of all the governments, govern-ments, is the most difficult to maintain, main-tain, and the highest and most complex of all. If this were not true, to-dav there would be free governments afl over the world. But it is only those who, through generations, have been trained to handle the machinery of free institutions, who have been familiar with the great idea of freedom, that anvwhero in the world are capable of governing themselves. You might as well expect men taken from the ignorant ignor-ant walks of life, from the common and jeast instructed vocations, to come into this building and handle at once its tremendous and complex machinery, ma-chinery, a" to expect men not trained in the truths of freedom free-dom to be able to handle the great machinery ma-chinery of lice institutions. Applause. Ap-plause. DEMOCRACY'S. CONFIDENT APPEAL TO THE PEOPLE. Fellow citizens, I am to-night to speak on behalf of a great political party; of the party which stood by the cradle of the Constitution of the United Slates when it was framed, and of the party winch, in this year of grace 1891, was never stronger, never more enthusiastic, enthu-siastic, and never more firmly seated in the hearts of the American people; and I believe, that I do not exaggerate when 1 sav that in the one hundred and two years of our constitutional existence, there has been no tMne when that party-appealed party-appealed more confidently, more enthusiastically, en-thusiastically, to the support of the people, of this countrv than it does on this 19th day of May, ISM. Prolonged applause. The great truths which it was formed to champion and to vindicate, vindi-cate, still need to be championed and to be vindicated; the great and dangerous danger-ous heresies which it was formed to combat and to overthrow, still need t be combatted and still need to be overthrown. over-thrown. "Eternal vigilance is the price of liberty" here and everywhere. It would be strange indeed if, in a world where everything worth having comes to ns at the cost of effort and the cost of sacrifice, we could enjoy that which is the rarest, the most precious pre-cious of all possessions free govern-- govern-- i ment without constant effort and con- j stant sacrifice. CONTRASTING THE PRINCIPLES OF THE PAKT1ES. Now, fellow citizens, there have always al-ways been in this country two political schools, and from those schools have come two political parties. One of those parties looks always towards tie government as something to be strengthened, as something to be built up, to be the source of prosperity and of order in the country ; the other has steadily looked toward the individual citizen, as a freeman to be protected in his freedom, to be widened wid-ened in his freedom, and has founded itself upon the great truth that the government was made for the man and not the man for the government. Cheers. As such, that great party has always been a stric constructionist a strict constructionist of government in every exercise of local government, of state government, of national government. gov-ernment. It has demanded everywhere the largest field of jersonal liberty, and it has challenged ti e invasion by the gover: ment, state, national or local, into the field of individual liberty. THE 1UGIIT OF LOCAL SKU" -GOVERNMENT. Fellow citizens, a journey across the continent such as I have made, is in itself a Democratic education. No man can travel from West Virginia to I the state of, Washington, 3,000 miles across tins country, and look out upon its forty-four states and four territories without understanding and feeling as he never understood or felt before, that the vital principle of free institutions in this country is the preservation of the right of local self-government. Applause. Ap-plause. A free people must be a self-go V-ernii:- people. History shows that whenever the people have trusted anyone any-one else to govern them, they have passed into slavery and into servitude. And if a free people must be a self-governing self-governing people then, with a great territory like ours, with such a diversity diver-sity of climate, of population and of interests, self-government mustahvavs be largely a local government. What do I, a citizen of West Virginia, know of the local affairs of the peonle of Washington or of the people of Utah? How can I, who live on the sea-board, intelligently legislate on the local atfairs of the people who dwell on the Pacific Coast? And so, if the Democratic party had no other title to the confidence and support of the people, peo-ple, it would deserve their support because be-cause in all its history it has defended the right of the people of every state to manage their o n affairs. Applause. The government that deals with the citizen at long range, is that citizen's master; the government upon which he can keep his hand and upon which he can keep his eye, may be his servant. ser-vant. If it be true. as 1 6a"id, that FREE GOVERNMENT MUST BE SELF-GO V-EUNMENT V-EUNMENT ALONE, You have but to look at the structure of the government of a country to see that the great Democratic idea of local government is the only true one. Of all the machinery of the great Federal government we choose but a single branch. Vye choose by Our direct suffrage suf-frage only ithe members of the House of j KepresenrJbtives. All the other parts of .M-n.KV-insil govcrr.rr.ct- the President, the Senators, the judiciary, and all its official equipments are either chosen by an intermediate system of electors, or appointed by some public official. The people of this country have their hands upon the House of Representatives Representa-tives alone, and can retch the rest of the Federal government only through some intermediate system or intermediate interme-diate parties. In the states we choose our Governors, we choose our lawmakers, law-makers, we choose our iuilges, we choose the Whole array of state officials. We select them from the localities which they are to serve. We watch them in " the performance of the duties of the trust that Ave commit com-mit to them. We know when they are faithful; we know when they are faithless. faith-less. So, we have each in our respect ive states, each to some extent in our respective committees, local self-government, dealing with the affairs of the states and of the committees. But from the very beginning, as I said just now. there has been a political school in this country, and there has been a political party in this country, which has sought lo over-ride the states and to mass into the great Federal government govern-ment almost unlimited powers, and especially the power of intermeddl ing in the affairs of the several states. Fellow citizens, it seems to me that in a Territory Ter-ritory of the United States, this great truth comes home bette than anywhere else. Applause. Under our form of government, Territorial government is an anomaly. It is neither willing government, nor is it efficient government, govern-ment, from the great central government govern-ment itself. This tendency to centralize central-ize power in the national government is a CONSTANT MENACE TO FREE INSTITUTION, INSTITU-TION, Is a constant danger to the development, develop-ment, in a great continental area like ours, of free government a government govern-ment by the people and of the people. I need not go over the history of the various policies and of the various measures which in times past have been devised to effectuate this purpose. If any man flatters himself that the desire de-sire to consolidate the powers of this country into one great national sovereignty, sov-ereignty, is not a great force in our own dav, I ask him to look back to the pro-j pro-j ceedings of the congress which lias just disappeared from Washington. Look at its calendar, and you will find that there were more bills introduced intro-duced and probably more calls for Federal Fed-eral legislation in the first session of the Fifty-first Congress than in the first seventy or seventy-five years of our government; and we barely escaped having upon the statute books of the country to-day a piece of legislation that was intended to wrest ironi the people the only control of the Federal government w Inch still remains in their hands. THE INFAMOUS FOHCE BILL. The old Federalist party went out of power with the hostility of the people, with the anger of the people, and lett behind it a sinister name in history, because it championed the alien and sedition laws; but the Force bill, the Ixjdge election bill, championed by the Republican party in the last Congress, in its centralization tendencies, in its assault utK)ii the liberties of the people, surpassed all the alien and sedition laws that the old Federalists ever dreamtd of. Prolonged applause. We are a free people because we can have free elections. We are a free people because we hold our own elections in each precinct and through our own chosen election officers; because we count our own vote; because we coin-mission coin-mission our own Representatives in Congress ami in the Electoral College. But, as I said herore, there was nearly passed in the Congress which expired on the 4tli day of last March, a law which would have robbed the people of this country of that control over their own elections which is the safeguard safe-guard of their freedom a law which proposed that the people should no longer conduct their own elections, should no longer count their own vote or commission their own officials, but-proposed but-proposed to vest those powers in the Federal Circuit Judges of this' country. Thus, a judge in the city of San Francisco would hold in his hand perfect and absolute control of all the elections for members of congress and for presidential electors on the m-eitic m-eitic coast. He would appoint supervisors super-visors to hold the -elections; he would appoint men to count the vote, anil he would appoint those who should be the commissioned representatives of the people to cast their votes in congress and in the selection of a President. John Adams said "Let me appoint the judges, and I will have just such laws as I want,"' and a party that could appoint ap-point the circuit judges and vest them with control over the elections, Would ! have in this country just such elections! as that party desired. Applause, and erics of -That's it!'" THE QUESTION OF FEDERAL TAXATION. Now, my friends, this clanger of consolidation" con-solidation" this danger of magnifying the government at the expense of the people, this danger of massing into the Federal government the powers that can only properly and w isely be exercised exer-cised by toe states, is a constant menace men-ace that we must fight against always and everywhere if we would preserve and transmit our freedom to those who come alter us But, fellow citizens, Democracy means not only lighting for I he largest measure of individual liberty, lib-erty, for the largest measure of local self-government, for the maintenance of the national government to deal with national affairs, ami of the local government gov-ernment to deal with local affairs, but i means a constant watchfulness of of that other gateway through which comes freedom or slavery to every people, peo-ple, and that is the gateway of taxation. Applause. It is throughtaxation that freedom comes, and it is through taxation taxa-tion that slavery comes. Let me write the history of the fight that has been made in our own land, and in the land from which we derive our institutions, institu-tions, against the taxing power, and I will write you the complete history of free government applause. J Almost the entire history of e very-people very-people that have "existed in the world may be summed up in one single sentiment. A small part of the people have gotten control of the power of taxation taxa-tion and have used that power tooppress the masses and to build up themselves, j That is the historv of nearlv everv other country that has existed on the face of the globe; and the great question ques-tion that confronts the American people peo-ple to-day, is: Shall the power of taxation tax-ation in this country be the public trust of all the people, or shall it be the private property of a small part of the people? Prolonged applause. It is squarely upon this line that the parlies divide to-day. We light to make the power of taxation the public trust , our opponents fight to make the power of taxation the private property of a part of the American people. INDIRECT AM) HIDDEN TAXES. I know it is a very hard matter to get this questiou of Federal taxation understood as it ought to be understood by the people. I see upon my left here to-night a dear old friend from WestVir-ginia WestVir-ginia w ho kuow tha.t when. I tfst p-'. peared before tnop' " o1 lU' when he was gf my most cordial and enthusiastic supp-or ters, that I raised the fight then ag ainst the existing ex-isting system of taxation, I say, fello w citizens, it is difficult to get the people fully to understand the question of Federal taxes, because they are indirect indi-rect and hidden. We pay them without with-out being conscious that we are paying them. Wc bow beneath their burden and know not what is tiie weight that does so heavily oppress us. In the states, iii the territories and in the municipalities, we pay direct taxes; we pay. taxes to one who brings us, in the name of the local government, govern-ment, a bill made out in dollars and cents. W'e know how much taxes we pay. But there is not within this audience au-dience to-night I care not how intelligent intelli-gent the man may be an individual who can sit down and figure out how much the taxes are which he pays to the government of the United States. But, my friends, when I tell you that the congress which has just adjourned appropriated MOKE THAN ONE lULLlON OF DOLLAHS Ami when I further tell you that the entire circulating medium of this country, coun-try, goid, silver and paper money, is but a billion and a half, you can understand under-stand that there is a severe system of Federal taxation in these United Statt-s. When a single congress can spend two dollars out of every three in all the land, there must be a severe drain upon the people to bring that money into the treasury for it to expend. ex-pend. I don't believe that it is within the wit of any statesman to devise a system of taxation so nicely adjusted in its burdens, so equitable "and just in its distribution, as to gather a billion of dollars for a single congress, from G3.0iM.UX! of people, without imposing upon them greviotis burdens and hard to lie borne. But we know that the present system ot federal taxation is not adjusted wisely, equitably and I evenly. Your state, your territory and your municipality, levy taxes upon the property you possess ; each sends around her official to ascertain how much property you have stored up. and how much of the property gathered and accumulated you have put behind von. and. that. is taxed if you have large possessions, she demands a large tax bill; if you have small possessions, she taxes you but lightly. But into the battle that men everywhere have to fight for the comforts and necessaries and decencies of life THE STATE DOES NOT EXTEIt. That contest that we all make every day, against hunger and thirst and "cold that contest for the necessaries necessa-ries and comforts of existence, for the necessaries and tools with which to la-lnr la-lnr the state mercifully spares. But it is ri-ht into that battle, into that which is for many people, for the vast majority of the people, a constant and a hard battle, thai the United States throws the burden of her taxes. She esemp'.s accumulated property, she exempts ex-empts all that men have stored up and put behind them, and she taxes that part which they are consuming every day in the struggle for existence. More than t hat, fellow citizens, those taxes, if you will turn to them and 1 shall not go iMto the schedules and into the per cents very deeply to-night those taxes are levied in such a way as to throw their heaviest burden where it ought to be lightest, and put the lightest light-est exaction where in justice it ought to be the heaviest. Turn to the schedule sched-ule of taxes, which is the chief source of Federal revenue, and yon will find the heaviest per cent always upon the cheap, common necessary article, and the lightest per cent upon the expensive expen-sive and luxurious article. A SAMPLE THE TAX ON WOOL. I sav, then, that those taxes ar heaviest upon the necessaries of life and upon the necessaries of labor. From one suigle necessary of life, wool and woolen fabrics, wool and woolen cloth- I i I ing, one tenth part of all t! e! I government taxes are to-day exacted.. ! j That plain and indispensable :it- I essary, which you ii: Utah and e j in West Virginia cannot do wuhout.j contiibutes to the Federal treasury oue-teiith oue-teiith part ot this biilion dollars that Mr. Reed's congress expended. (Ai-plaue.) (Ai-plaue.) 1 will give you an illustration simply of one schedule to show honour hon-our present system of taxation is adju ;:-ed. ;:-ed. I have said thev are heaviest where they ought to be lightest, and. lightest where they ought tone heavi est. The tariff, as you know, is a tax imposed upon articles brought into thw country from other countries. Now, ii you had purchased and wished to bring"' into this country $10 worth of nk-e broadcloth west of England or Leeds broadcloth the government would step in at the custom-house and charge you $5 on the $10 worth of cloth. But it you had bought something not as goo 1.. something not as expensive, say, - common article of cheviot such as we are all generally content to wear, the government would stop you at the ciu tom-house. and on $10 worth of it wour;' charge you 11 tax. But if you were poor and so hari struggling for tn.-vj comforts and necessaries of life thaj you could not even clothe youielf in all-wool cheviot, and were obliged t;'j buy the very cheapest so-called woolen j fabrics, cotton-w ai p.reversdtle stuff, or ' $10 worth of that this merciful govern-! ment i uposes a tax of between $18 and $19. Why is this, feilow citizens? It is because our system of taxation is not for the use of the government, but it is the private possession of a part of the people of this country. (Applause.) When taxes are laid to bring money into the treasury, they are called taxes for revenue; when taxes are laid to increase in-crease the price of something which somebody in this country makes and wants to sell to the people, they are called taxes for protection. Now, the men who dictated these taxes well understand their own interests and their own business. busi-ness. There is in Utah, perhaps, one man in a thousand who wears broadcloth broad-cloth in West Virginia, I believe there is not more than one In ten thousand who wears broadcloth; if he came out there in a suit of broadcloth we should call him a dude; but while there is on.; in a thousand or one in ten thousam. who wears broadcloth, there are 999 or 9,999 who wear the cheviot and wear j the cotton wrap, and those men who i procure the taxes to be levied to run up j the price of what thev make to sell.! are not after the.one thousandth or the ; ten thousandth man, but they are in j hot pursuit of the 999 or the 9,99;'. They don't care if the thousandth man j does" escape the net which they are spreading everywhere for the 999 or the 9,999. THE TARIFF DISCUSSION OK 100 YEAKS j AGO. j Now, my friends, I am going to talk to you a little while on this tariff ques- I tion. I have heard a good ileal of it i elsewhere and read a good deal about it; but I believe there was a debate on the tariff question in the very first congress that pretty fairly covered the entire ground. When we were levying levy-ing taxes first, about 102 years ago, and making up our first tariff bill, theie was a proposition to impose a tax of eight cents a gallon upuu . moLLSciCa. ( trmfri tliwi'H uii"-lu;" "-' t cV"im maiie againat that tax. xti'?) ?,. were some representatives who said, "Why, molasses is a common and necessary article of diet for the ureat mass of the people who work for a living. It is found upon their tables. If you impose upon it this tax of ' ight cents a nation, von are throwing upon thern more than their share of the burdens of theirovernment." There was another set of Representatives from Massachusetts Massachu-setts who said, "Why, molasses is the raw material of an important and flourishing New England industry" some of you perhaps know what that is. Laughter. 1 "it is the raw material of an important anil nourishing New England Eng-land industry, in which capital funis profitable investment and labor finds good employment. Tax this raw material mate-rial and you cripple that industry. You will hurt capital and you will hurt labor " Then there was another set of ; Massachusetts gentlemen who said, "Why, we exchange for molasses Jie j fish that we catch. Keep out of ihN com. try molasses, and you keep back in the country the fish that we catch, and so cripple another important New England industry." Here, then, were the three grounds of objection: First As a lax it uasj too heavy, out of proportion, throwing its burden too heavily upon thep-oi j people of the country. Secondly That j it was a tax upon the raw material of a ! nourishing American industry, and ii ! you tax that raw matei ml, you dbuiii- j ish the profits and cripple that industry. Thirdly That it was an article of exchange ex-change for another important American industry, and if you keep it out of ihc country, you strike down that industry. THE TIN PLATE TAXFKAUD. Now, my friends, I am going to use one more illustration; and I have u.-cd it quite frequently because it is fresh in icy memory from the debates in the last congress, and because it seems to me that in itself it illustrates all the arguments that can be made for a protective pro-tective tariff. I am going to take the common and very necessary article of tin plate, by way of illustration. Tin plate, i as all of you know, is an article made j by simply dipping thin sheets of iron I into molten tin. It has heretofore been made chiefly by the people of W ics, and is an industry that has conic down for generations past from father to son and from mother to daughter, and as certain industries which are transmitted trans-mitted in that way, has become, to a certain extent, a local and domestic industry in-dustry which they can pursue bet lei than anybody else in the world. Heretofore Here-tofore tne people of Wales have been willing to sell us tin plate and we are the great Consumers of tin plate in this c untry ; we consume more than all the rest of the world put together the people peo-ple of Wales have been willing to stii us tin plate, say at H cents a pound, cut and boxed and freight paid, laid down in the great eastern seaports of Baltimore, Balti-more, New York or Boston. The government gov-ernment pounces upon that tin plate when it gets to the custom house and taxes it 1 cent a pound; first cost of tin plate Ii cents per pound ; government j tax added, 1 cent; cost to first buyer. 4 I cents; and that tax on tin plate carried into the treasury last vear. quite, if not more than $8,000,000. " That was a rev-nuc rev-nuc tax; Hall went into the treasure. It was levied for the purpose of gathering gather-ing money into the treasury for congress con-gress lo spend. Hut certain gentlemen in this countiy, some of them possibly at Wheeling, in my own state, some at Pittsburg, in an adjoining state, some at St. Louis and elsewhere, took it into their heads that if thev could make tin plate and sell it to the people, there would be an immense profit in the business. So they came to Washington and said 1 o M a jor McKi 1 1 ley : " We ca n n ot make tin plate profitably "at 3 or 4 cent a pound, but if you will run up the price to " cents a pound we will luiild plants and manufacture and sell it to the American people." Well now, my friends, a protectionist, a man wjio i ! believes in a high protective tariff, i thinks he has a right to use the power j of the government to ruo up the price of something that somebody has to sell, j And theso gentlemen never for a moment mo-ment stopped to think that the interests in-terests of the (.".,0;o,Mki of people who use tin plate are to he considered paramount par-amount to the interests of the' fifteen, fif-teen, twenty, thirty or one bun. bed people, who might go into the inanu-faeture inanu-faeture of tin plate. And so Major McKiniey takes the tariff bill which he had prepared, and writes in it that after the date mentioned, after the first of July next, the tax upon all tin plate shall be o 2-i:l cents per pound. Supposing Sup-posing w'e continue to bring in our tin plate from Wales I will throw off the 2-lu cents, because it is inconvenient to talk about it suppose the tax to bo even two cents a pound; at this rate, if $8,000,000 were carried into the treasury hist year from that tax, under a tax of two cents a por.nd, over $10,-000,000 $10,-000,000 would hereafter be carried into the treasury annually. But this last tax is not laid to o into the treasury atail. The object of it is to keep out j foreign tin plate, and let the home man-faclurers man-faclurers make and sell it to thepeople of the country at fifteen cents a pound. You would buy plate anil pay five cents pit' pound for it thive cents worth of tin plate, two cents worth of tax. Where does the $10,000,000 go now? Not a cent into the treasurv: j all into the the pockets of the tin plale I manufacturers. Applause. i THE AUGUMENTS OF TIIE PKOTECTION-j PKOTECTION-j m ISTS. , Now, my friends, there must be some seemingly good argument, there must be some very plausible argument, ; by which men will undertake to defend de-fend a proceeding like that. , I am going to give you. j and, as I think, fairly and honestly, "the j argument they make. The first ai gu-j gu-j ment Major McKiniey makes is this: i "We will establish tin plate manuf::i:-I manuf::i:-I ;ories inthir country, and we will give employment to 20,nud to ,'iO.ooo AmVri-jcan AmVri-jcan laboring people." Now. fellow I citizens, let us rciiect a moment. Have we, in this great country of forty-bun- states and four territories, with the !it-I !it-I tie handful of 1)2,090,000' or O:;.o.i0.o m of population, I ask, have we reached that point where the government has i got to make work for the people';1 Louis Napoleon, in France, a usurper, siund-j siund-j ing above the volcano that he w as afraid I would burst, as later it did burst, and ' shatter his throne into fragments, made work for the commune in Paris. L-.-t I he government of the United Slates fake the heavy, crushing loot el' taxation taxa-tion off the people in this country, and industries w ill spring up everywhere. LCheers.j No man will need help, no nan need beg the government for Work, .10 man need beg any employment, because be-cause work will bj plentiful enough everywhere in the land. ! Jut suppose . it were true, that the establishment of ; in plate works in this country would give employment to 2o,i0d to ;v.i,oio American laboring people. Woat would be the result? Would it not take that number of people out of employment employ-ment where to-day they are supporting i heniselves and put them into an employment em-ployment that would cost the people of Ill's country .$1(5,000,000 to support them? Why, you had fetter bring them rjf re to Salt i.-.i!;e CrtxvnifL-board them 'r'rt'.uv 'tin plate at three cents' a pound. You would make money at that. The very first thing we do in this country, especially in the protected industries, in-dustries, is to call for machinery to diminish the amount of labor; we would not begin the manufacture of tin plate before we would be inventing invent-ing machines and using them instead of human labor, and if we used human labor to any extent at all. the chances are ten tonne that we would send quietly over to Wales and bring the working people from there. Cheers and laughter.) laugh-ter.) I am coining back to that argument;! argu-ment;! haven't exhausted it yet. another argument they make, is this: "We will build tin plate plants in! this country. The people, will have to J pay a little higher prices for tin in the i beginning, but just as soon as W'e get, our plants in operation, with American enterprise. American economy and Ane-riyai: invention, the price of tin plate will be brought down, and the people will be able to get it just as cheaply as they do from Wales to-day." That, seems plausible. And live or six years ago I should have had consider-ahl consider-ahl 1 trouble in getting rid of that argument ar-gument before tins audience: but today to-day I think I can get fid of it to the sa' isfaclion of everyone. Who is going to make the tin plate? Not the working work-ing man and his family, in Ids little' shop; not the master and his apprentice; appren-tice; but it will be made, if at all, in a few great concerns, owned by a few great corporations, just as live great planis manufacture all the steel rails that are mad.' here to-dav. A few-great few-great corporations located at Wheeling, West Virginia, or -Pittsburg or St. j I.ouis, would make the tin plate of the country. Do yuu suppose,' when those corporations got so that they could make tin-plate cheaper than five cenis a pound, UiattheV would st-nd out tiuir runners over he country to rius ngeia.-i, i-ac'i oiher, and give you the 'eneiil of their economy in a reduction in the cost of tin plate. They would have i Cen obliged to do it five or six or seven years ago hut they j have learned something in that five jor six or seven years that entire'' fives j them from that necessity. Ju;t as roan j"8 i hey found themselves cti-ting under e '.ch other in the great profitable mar-! mar-! ket which the government has fenced jaroimd for them, they would ni-ct in i the city of Pittsburg or Wheeling, and there, around a table possibly no larger i than this table anil there will be .something on that table containing j something stronger than the liquid in I his pitcher they will say to each olh-j olh-j fr, "Why should we cut our own : throats by compel ing w ith each other? ! bet's form a trust." I'rolongfd cheers jaud laughter.) Then, between sin-cess- ive draughts of champagne they would ! prepare a little article of writing, not j longer than mv hand, that instantly would vest the stock d' all those cor-Iporations cor-Iporations in the hands of seven or ! eight or nine trustees, who would then become at once the legal ow ners of all the tin plants of the country for the benefit of the owners of the stock ; and they would say to this plant, "i but down and discharge your workmen," and to that plant, "Run on haif time," and thus bring down the reduction uf tin plate to the needs of the home market, mar-ket, and seil it to you just a little cheaper i ban the government allowed the Welshman to sell his tin plate. Not only would you then be plunderi d of i hi'.uoi!.000 "a year, but you have built up in this country a great secret organ-I organ-I ization for a trust is a secret organ r,a- tion w ielding a power of $"0.l00.000 I to $100,009,000 of capital, and interest-j interest-j ed in imposing taxes upon the people ; ia great organization whose influence and vrealth and power would be felt in every subequetit election in the en- deav'or to keep the peopl" from regaining regain-ing control of their own taxing power. Cheers. But there is A THIKD A KG I'M EXT THEY USE. ; Ami that is: "We buy $25,000,000 i worth of tin plate from those people I over the water. Let us ma.e the tin j plate here and keep that money at j home." That seems to be a good argu-; argu-; merit, too. It is a plausible argument, just like the other two, before you ex-j ex-j amine them. We are all in favor of I keeping money at home. Every man thinks that the best place in the" world tor money is right in hU own pocket; and it seems good argument to say, "let us keep the money at home." Xow, my friends, turn to "the reports of the treasurer of the United States and to the reports of our commerce. One year you will find that a little money-goes money-goes out of the country; next year "a little money comes into the country, and unless there is a great financial disturbance, dis-turbance, taking ten years on an average, av-erage, what goes out "and what comes in will balance each other. What do we pay for the tin plate we get? Not one dollar of American money. We pay for it with the surplus products of American farms. Prolonged cheers. We have (;i,000.000 of mouths to feed, and we raise wheat enough for 100,000.-000, 100,000.-000, Now. we must find :J7,0O0,0OO more mouths to feed, outside of our own country, or the wheat goes back on the farmer's hands ami the mortgage mort-gage goes on his farm. We raise meat products for !-in,0()0,ooo. and manufac ture dairy products tor u,iuo,ihh. so with all the great staple farm products, we raise more than we can consume; we have a surplus thai must find a foreign for-eign market, and if it does not, then the home market is glutted, and the profitable pursuit of great home industries in-dustries is destroved. When Major McKiniey keeps" out $2.").000.000 of tin, he keeps out also what would be a profitable 'market for 020 .000, 000 'worth of our surplus farm products. The New England men said, "When you keep out molasses, you keep in our fish." So the American fanner can say. "When you keep out Welsh tin. you keep in my wheat and ; meat and dairy products, and in your I attempt to give employment to 20,000 ' or .'KI.OoO American laboring people in i the tin i:ai:i:-ti y. you throw out of em-i em-i ployment 20,0o0 "or oO.OOO in the great agricultural industry of the country a self-supporting industry, one that costs the American people nothing to support sup-port it. THE INDUSrillAL USES CF TIN. More than that. Tin is, as you know, one of the necessaries of labor to-day. It is the raw material of very important I American industries. Over "in the East, i w here lumber is scarce, we roof our lenses with it, we furnish our kitchens wi;!i it, and our dairies, and it is used for scores and hundreds of humble industrial in-dustrial purposes. Puts iis ch cf use to-day, its growing use. is as the wrapper wrap-per in which a large and increasing portion por-tion of the food of the American pe -pie is brought to them. It is the wrapper wrap-per that brings us t he luxuries of summer sum-mer in the midst of winter the fruits and luxuries of the tropics in the regions re-gions of the north. It is the wrapper in which we get fish, and oysters, and meat products, and the luxuries of our tables, at various seasons of the year. Why, in the little state of Maryland alone, it is said on good authority that , 70,000 people to-dav find profitable em-i-LLynicut iuthg great caniiipginl'.ustry, the fruits of her eastern soie, tluT oysters and the fish of her Chesapeake bay. Those products are sent all over the United States; they are sent into foreign countries, and there find an extensive ex-tensive market. When the government gov-ernment comes in and adds more than a cent a pound additional tax on the mere wrapper of our food, it dimin ishes the quantity that we can consume here and destroys our profitable foreign trade. The people who can send out their products in untaxed wrappers will drive us out of the market if we must use wrappers that are taxed at 2 2-10 cents per pound. So that in this effort to find employment for 20,000 or 30,000 i people, at, a cost to the American peo-iple peo-iple of 81(3.000,000. Major McKinley j would not only throw out of employment employ-ment the people engaged in the agricultural agricul-tural industry, but would greatly diminish di-minish the number engaged in the great canning industry and the other industries indus-tries in which .in plate is used as the raw material. Cheers. TWENTY-FIVE YEA II S' EXPERIENCE ENOUGH. It seems to me, my friends, that I have met every one of the arguments w ith which the Protectionists try to defend de-fend such a tax as that upon tin plate, or upon woolen goods, or upon the necessaries of life first, that it makes employment for labor; second, that it keeps money in the country ; third, that it brings down, eventually, the price of goods so that wc can get them cheaper than we did before. I am not going j further into the discussion of this tariff ! quest ion now. We have tried it faith-! faith-! fuliy for twenty-six years in this coun-! coun-! try. For twenty-six years we have had the highest protective tariff that ever existed anywhere in the world, ami wc have been promised all the time that it was going to bring abundant I prosperity to the people of the countiy. ! .V baby in the cradle in ISOo is now, perhaps, the head of a family, and he is ; waiting to experience that tide of pros-i pros-i pc-rity which was promised a quaiter ot a century ago; the man of more mature ! years for a quarter of a century has bent i his shoulders beneath the burden, and the prosperity has not come to him that ! was promised ; and the old man of a ! quarter of a century ago has gone down to his grave, buried in his taxed I grave clothing, without catching a glimpse of the dawn of that prosperity which is always coming, but which j I never yet has been observed above the I : hori.on. But we do see what the protective tariff has brought about in this countrv. i T hey talk to us about our increase in j weaith, and of how much the census I shows over ten years ago. And why i shouldn't we increase in wealth in ! this great country of ours? Why shouldn't we bound forward as no I people in the world ever did? But they I say that is due to the protect ive tariff"; j suppose that were true Out it is not j w here do they go to find that wealth j to-day? Do they find it in the pockets I of the masses of the people, or do they j find it in the coffers of the great cor-; cor-; porations and of the great trusts of I the country? True, we have a larger j amount of "wealth, and along yvith that ' larger amount of wealth we have its constant massing into fewer and fewer j hands, instead of being diffused broadly out among all the people. A GLANCE AT ENGLAND. I The chancellor of the English exchequer, ex-chequer, Mr. Goshen, recently made ' a report in which it is shown " that in recent years the number of large in- comes in England has not increased, and while in modeaate incomes there lias been a slight increase, I lie increase has been immense of in-1 'comes down at the bottom, incomes I representing comfortable living and j increasing prosperity. In the great I industrial revolutions, brought about; j by the use of railroads and telegraphs am! all the inventions of modern times, whereby labor has been one. hundred fold increased, production cheapened and the products distributed. the great body of the people of i England have gotten the benefit, and j it has begun down at the bottom and j lifted up, first of all. those who l ad the hardest struggle and those whose lilies had fallen in the hardiest places; but a thoughtful American writer lias made the statement, which, if not entirely en-tirely accurate, is at least entitle! to our earnest and intelligent cou-i-.leia-i tion, because when we look out over the country it sc-erns to be, as Henry ; George has said. "That this groat mod- j dern industrial revolution, which in England has ioen put beneath all the' people and lifted them ail up. has w ith us been like a wedge drucu in j near the top of society, lifting up to i wealth and power a few of the people, i and driving down the great masses oi l the American people." Cheers, j ; "THE EVILS OF THE 'TllUST' SYSTEM." I I am not here to-night to declaim against corporations, or to declaim against wealth. The corporation is a ; necessary factor in the industrial en-j terprises of the country. We must have corporations to build railroads.; and corporations to do a great many of those great things which individu- als, by reason of lacking the means ! and the shortness of life, cannot accomplish. ac-complish. Against the corporation as an industrial factor. I have mt one word to utter. But I do denounce, here and everywhere, the Corporation when it seeks to become a political factor and to rob us of our liberties, so. as against wealth, no matter how great, wealth accumulated by thrift and industry in-dustry and good judgment and enterprise enter-prise in the building up of a new country, coun-try, or that even winch Comes It- sheer blind luck, I have nothing to say. It is not dangerous. It rises like tie-waves tie-waves of the sea today it is oh-a-iv-able to-morrow it is nowhere t be seen. But as against thai wealth which is being steadi-y amassed tday by the use of tie-tax tie-tax list in the hands of a few of the I people, and those few genera ilv organ- ized into corporations. I do ra'e e m v j voice, my warning voice, la-re an-'l ! everywhere that people listen to .!.. i ! is a constant danger to free iust-tu- tions. i COMPARISON'S THAT WILL NOT STAND. "Oh," they say, "we. are a grc.t. rich country." And so we are. Then t'i y point to England and to France and io Germany, and to the countries over i the sea, and say that if it were tu t i .rj the tariff, if it were not for taxing our- j selves, we should sink to the !eel --t ' the pauper labor of the old wo!.;:j Well, if there was ever a romance g.-t- j ten up without foundation, it is this' romance about there being so much pauper labor in the old world. Skill. ! laborers of the old world, of course, not get as high wages as they do ;,i America; but they are pretty nearly as prosperous as in some part-; of tins i country. But w hat is England? V.'h it is France? What is Germany? Each j is an old country; each is a country with a small territory. ' I don't know the size of Utah, but she is probably as large as England, probably as large, nearly, as France, and almost as large as Germany. You might take England and France and Germany and set them w n in Texas, and Texas would lap; ' thermal I around. Moreover, those i T.ur,i. -Mvi4.lMjr Urot. .-.iutve bttrt: 1 crowded w ith millions of people, people peo-ple yvliO struggled with each other almost al-most for the bare necessaries of life. For hundreds and thousands of year-j they have had class governments that stratified the people, that lifted up a few at the top and kept down the many. For hundreds and thousand of i years, perhaps, every acre of ground ! has passed into private ownership; every field that could produce has been plowed j and harrowed to produce food for the j people, every forest has giyen up its trees, every mine has been worked to j its utmost capacity. They have kings, and emperors, and czars, and da?. gov i eminent. And yet men compare them with this great new country of ours!! Why , during all the years w hen they were struggling for existence there,! his i great continent was hidden from the! knowledge of men behind the western I seas; while they were plowing and re-j plowing their worn-out fields, a virgin i country here awaited the coming of white men; while they were felling j their trees, our forests were gi owing! upon the mountains; while they wi re exhausting their mines, our minerals were being stored up in the everlasting ; hills. When, in the fullness of time. this country was discovered, it h id but a few thousand of savages scattered j over it a people who never asked for I any of its riches ; a people who asked i for only a place to rest their iiead at1 night; a people who never struck a plow or turned a furrow in the ground. ! w ho never struck an axe in the forests, ; who never struck a pick in the mines. : But almost in our own day and generation,, gener-ation,, this great country extending from sea to sea, yvith forty-four States ; and four Territories, was opened up for ; settlement, and there came here the! foremost, the bravest, ami the most in-1 telligent people of all the world: they; brought with them all the know ledge, I and all the sciences, and all the inven- j tions, and all the tool.-, and brought-with brought-with them the skill that men had g-ith-1 ered in all the ages of the past.; they bre-ught with them orderly habits and a capacity for self-government; thev built churches and school-house.-: and, when you let out into a great new! country like this, some f-2,ooo,oooori;:;,- -000.000"of people such as he-.udeseril-e.,, ' and they find their opportunities such as we have, are y: to compare this with 'tlie conn-; tries of the old world? prolonged cheering. Are we to be taught by these tariff orators that our greater opportunities, our higher wages, out better condition, our larger freedom, our greater prosperity are not di e to the bounty of God in giving us such a great country as this, new and rich, ami to the wisdom of our father in giving us the heritage of a free government, but that all is duo to a miserable !m!e law of congress made by Major Me Kin-; ley? Applause. THE REAL MEANING Of DEMOCKAC Y. j Fellow citizens, I do not want t- t-ll ; tales out of school, but Brother Caine and myself have been theie for eight years, and he can tell you that if you depend for prosperity upon any law that congress may make, you would be of all ' people in the world the most miserable, j I "will not, my friend., tax your! patience further to-night, but v. ill close ; with simply one suggestion. I have i tried to explain to you the difference j between the two great parties, the radi- j cal difference, rooted in principle, be-tween be-tween the two great opposing parties. We have fought against each other i from the beginning. The great founder; of Democracy defined it to be a wise ; and frugal government that kept men from injuring each other: yet left them j free to follow the various pirsuits of life, and did not take from the mouth , of labor the bread it had earned. But! the real meaning of Democratic insti- tutions, the real moaning of free gov- eminent, the real meaning of equal laws, is thct here every man, so far as the laws and instli-o- i ms of the government govern-ment are conce, acd; is to have an equal opportunity in th;. race of !!;',. That is the metttung i-t lH-mo.-ra.-y. The great l-.ngtish w liter has recent iv given us " a valuable study o; our institutions, American T'ommonwealth." Tha'. is not only the tii! of the hook, but it is ; an apt. deii'r.itiou. In oth-.-r countries ; the laws and instill! i.-iH of the governments gov-ernments hau workeda cruel and hard s'.ratiiiea i.u of the people; in this ' country v.v tn ii:g to arrange it s. that all th- l..-,.-s ;.n.l in-tdntions of the govern;;;- -,t .-in .!. shall l,e for the Co:r,;u .n-A, a;;;i of a:i the people. We. are fighting to .".lake all ihe-e Mc-slngs of oar country the i-i'ii unv,.:l'.!i of all its ciil.t-ii.-, and tin -.- w i.. an- op-pesi op-pesi ig us :ov fgbtb-.g to iv.-.ilv them tlie ft. rate w.-ahn of a part of the people. peo-ple. That is the jr. at i-se.e hetween the parties; tr-at is the line upon w hi,-!, the ranks are drawn: and 1 appeal to tin; people of I'tah, coming forward to tne great rights of American .st.n. h-od. to take then- stand in defense of the American commonwealth. Applau-e.J i:c.vl op Poll tun i ru-.s io1.: all. It has always been our boa.-t t bar in thi country, with equal Saws, wnh free iusti-.utiou-, v. it!-, Democratic government govern-ment . ovctv hov in t he land had a n on- ' iertun:;y to 1 is- in hi',., a;;,; u i spurred onward bv the knowledge that ! h- p. -ed that ..pportunitv. We have p.-imV-l o ii.- -real nam-.-s .-f ..ilr j history, b. t j-.i-e who began in po . -rtv. ! tia.s- ,., beg;,;; in iuiu.i-ieness, but i "ho weft Up t the ill j !;er J-esl: ions of i iu'.laeuee, pt.v.er. m-aitii ami rcs ect that were p.-.-i'de't.. l-e r.-;:c!;ed in this ;'""-:(. We i.ave so.-!o :i ,.f our eouu- try ;is a 1 in-i u here the ladder of on-j on-j porti;:i-:y r; :;.. -! b. c.-ry home aid . ev.-.-y c u in. no m.:; :- r how humble or ; hov, poor it i, Li, i ! e. We have pointed to !.:-,! h"-..: Andrew ,;,u io-en, who ! e- "e!-e. v. I;.-. !i;V at the weaver's I !'"":; : i. ue . v. t.o w as horn in a jea!-;u. wi h a mud !'; t. in the 1 st.i: . I' id ;! i.ekv : and wc have sei-t. "1".. v. hat men like the -. c ;t ;,;..;. r coiel laws and flee iiiMit::l:..-.s." ! f those n, M been hnrn in e.aiui rb-s ..v.-r the . a. the ;.:,.J tl en- ,!.-, ee-ku.; . vv., .', ',,.. 1V, , suddl -r-. end we ivt r--.au-! humble teen in the- 1, v.- : v.. of -o, ie;v. Hut an-'l- r fr.-.; :n-;;t. and und.-ra Demo-ci'-i'ie UiUi of g..-,crn!-;ern, they had an ' ';. .-. i. no :., i ,-e ;mi ! p. ! -ee. une just, wii.it they d. - rv.-i to be.-oim . And if w e v. o,.i I d- "ur -, ilis:;.-, we must ai-vay ; k- .-,. -i n the p,,th; av in life for ..nr. -o;, -. . a - tV tati-eiv k.-pt it Vi' i.'-!: :;!e -be"," 1.11 11 p: I s. t ' , e i I We are -. ":::g t ' 1 - a. ( iy o; equal law ;, of vq'i.'i l ; .-. ;.!!! of .-.ptal opportunities; opportun-ities; the :. j atl, way of opportunity is no l-.-ti.-.-r open, the gtv.it biessin--s Which ,:.....;,! eeiov are no ',,.;;. vo -.eh.-en -1 to ah the p -ople. !.,,t are I oe :..;!!-,- ihe j nva'i- p-..-se-,uo:;s oC tho e wi.. i v. h id j o'.ver of taxation. Ia n the gioen-.n.ent siej.s in and savs to one i uiuj man. "1'ling oil" ail the burden;' that you bear, and 1 wilt cause another to take Lheiu up," all, I to some otiier 3'oto.g huh:, "Take up his burdens and Uar them." those two youths do not start out in tlie race of life on equal terms, as heretofore tliey havy C. u.. .....And tluit is cutet'y v,!i:it Tiiroif'h it..-, svstcn; ,,f Uirir' ta va i.;'ou i t saying to my hoys and. to me, "Take hi.) tin- burdens that do not belong b you," and t- somebo.lv ei-v and his boys. "Throw down the burdens that do belong to yell, to he taken tip by others whom I will cause to hea'r them." A rAKTIXG Slb.T AT Till; TAllli-F TI!iK i-:. I'cilow citizens, as 1 dev. . let lac say to you that I do not, u: der.-taiid tho manhood of tho.se men who are willing to stand sli'l, under a government that belongs as much to them a- to any other men, and allow that g. .en. ment to tax them for other monks benefit, Grievously wrote; and oppressive as such a sy.-aen: i-. it - r. ;-i result is that to-dey ;;. i -closing th- upv.r. rd path in life to the humble and poo;-, ;o.. -;ivin" theOppof til, t:, . v.-h!ej'. -i-o;,!,! 1. , . . commonwealth or id! the people to those who are privileged under the laws totavthe-j.-e.it. m.-.-s.-s of the people, bond and prolonged applause. |