Show 4' ee et ne Salt GA - e til"ela' -- 121 lAke Tribune - - ' ---- Thursday October 1 seeeeseeereeess o seeesesee 1967 e et e4 ' i - l's' - fe ee eee e 1 r el l s es t —— k - r -- s-- -e- ef '1 t k i '''N t' ' ' e ' t- t - -- '' T : - l' " 4 s't 4- ' st "4 - i e ) 1 - ' ''' ' ' ' ts e e A ee e ''' k j ''' ' il' i '' 0 e ' ' '"t oe ereA see - f'A" ee-- r - - - e ''''''' W i ee "ee L ' 1°' 8t f at ' 1 e 'te 1 ' I V t ' - '' '':'-:-1''- ': ' s e- - ' ''' te ' ' I ' - I Photo primly dressed pupils on first day In a Moscow grade school exude reverent Interest In their books Once we United States 1 - ed projects for Negro youngsters In the United States- - In 'theory the Soviet Union is committed to the proposition that all pupils are created equal And that with good teaching all will benefit from - the same curriculum In prac- ticemore and more able stu- are dents syphoned off Into a mathematics language science or history Is offered Education conscious parents the equivalent of who In America push their children into good private schools — lea've no stone Unturned to get their children Into the special schools of The accomplishments the education system are re rnarkable When they came to power in 1917 the Soviets Inherited from the czars an uneducated peasantry with an - V - 1 1 1 - the 4 e - e - '11 i 4 1 i ness institutions of higher learning have graduated six and one half million since the revolution the lower level technlcums 10500000 is compulsory Education from the first grade (which children enter at age seven) the eighth grade through grhivtl is organized 1nt(7 four years of elementary and four years of "incomplete secondary" school followed by an as yet not compulsory two years of secondary school The Ilth year introduced by Nikita S Xhrushchev in 1958 to allow for more time spent on ''polytechnic" training in factories has been abandoned cities) Russian schools today demonstrate impressive strengths old-I n s truction though fashioned is usually compe- tent The relationship between students and teachers is one of mutual respect devoid of the hostile ' formality often ' tIs to learn too" inferiority complex of the nonscientists reinforces the low priorities shabby research poor scholarship and an influx of inferior talent The ry geography' as biology tronomy mechanical drawing fine arts music physical education and a variety of shop : experiences Yet the written oddly neglected Long hours are invested in grammatical hairsplitting but little time is Russpent on compositions sians who read well and voraciously often write badly Russian educators today are deeply conscious of the need' for change They know that the rapid urbanization and the need to reduce bureaucratic controls call for young people with a good general Eqh school education who can fend for themeelvese without waiting for rules and wors tf fully annotated Many of the books Kolmogorov Indicated are more interested in attrac- tive design and keeping up with novelty than with sound mathematics Even the best of the books and he stressed that these were of high mathematical quality "introduce too many new and different topics at once" Cites Fad Influence I Markushevich another mathematician and a vice president of the Academy of Pedagogical Sciences said: "The task of those who devel- op education is to be careful the In selecting building blocks It is most dangerous to be under - the influence of a Meksel fad" ' In its simplest form Soviet education's conservatism is manifested in the curriculum Itself The requirements have l become so deeply rooteni the over-al- l plan that they are being perpetuated without suf ficient critical analysis and review For example while a convincing case can be made for the concentration on math ematicseas a key to modern life and logic there is little rational justification for the requirement of five years of physics and four of chemistry except for future scientists Where American schools have erred by including too little science in their general edit- - seven-membe- teachers' performance I am dismissing two teachers" the principal said "This year he arrived at such drastic action he said that apart from personal classroom supervision he judged teachers by their ability to get graduates accepted by the universities or by the students' performance in nation- have piled up too much And conservative teaching meth ods lead to an inefficient stretch-ou- t of each subject for too many years Politics's Supreme What makes Soviet educe-tor- difficult During a classroom visit in a Moscow secondary school - the assistant principal pointed with pride to a spirited girl who was challenging her teache r's mathematical i theories 'It's in mathematics al academic competitions Teachers have a high social status an important recruiting factor in a society that despite the ideological propaganda looks down on blue-collworkers On the other hand teachers in contrast to who university professors may get five times the teachers' basic salary are poorly paid — 100 to 135 rubles a month or about $110 to $150 This basic pay for 18 hours of classroom teaching a week Is pegged so low that most ar long extra volunteer to work hours of overtime for ray thus alleviating the Bs most teachers of the human!- ties are trained many students are satisfied with the of a equivalent gentleman's C They take examinations over and over until they finally sneak by The combination of conser- vatism and political control does not inspire independence of thought Yet there is a new search for the forward thrust that requires independence and initiative The Times Service The mystery surrounding death of Stalin's eldest son Yakov may be cleared up by a new war crimes trial scheduled to open early next year' the public BONN — prosecutor in Wednesday Munich said Kurt Eccarius a former SS sergeant who supervised a special punishment barracks at the Sachsenhausen concentration camp where Yakov was has been under arrest since July Ile probably will stand trial in March the held prosecutor announced According to a recent report Yakov Stalin was shot at Sachsenhausen by Nazi guards in 1944 The former SS mai is accused of cases of attempted murder none of sir 01 firsoot 3 st4tv apwpearanncae )1 'i l''' ''' I higher Polley Prot Kirin the eloquent - ? li that all longer children are alike" said one Edueducator- - psychologist which cational psychology had been outlawed along with Insist "We no and Sigmund John Dewey Freud as a Bourgeois pseudo-scienc- e is staging a comeback Translate US Reform - !e : I see : i1 se- saes& o 3cos sz 'i e e e s selose I '':' ' ':s! ' 4 0 o f '' !r11- 41117: -- - 1 ee s r'2 '' (jcotH-- - ( 4 sl' t COTTONWOOD I 7 k ' ' ''' i )1 e I 1 ) t s r ii 1 t r - 1 : 1 ' e ' f 0 Iri 1 k 1 I‘ 1' i n VI 4 0 ': ' o - :--: 0 :''F''' - 4'-'7!:'-- ' - ' ''4:::: " ' ''' : SI ' ‘11(--- - a -- " '' :' ' ": 'f i" a '''':::'''-r- ' -- o i: c :' a 1: "1 iV ''' 111 1 i:q!i"2 x0x 17 '''' ' I: If' :''- 4' ' Z:it:'-'?'- 7 1 111 ' c) Tz:7 g At ir ''1:-- : 4 '' 1 tor :41: If o 0 y71111 1 - eA 0 1 :' ir:!' 'p i l' t t 0 te a ' - i : e 4 I ' t1) t :kriffp b PLAN IP"? e : I : rs 4' - u- I VI ' Raise the curtain on a Las Vegas vacation! Lavish spectaculars adorn the stages each evening with the world's most famous stars shining until dawn Every major entertainer appears In Las Vegas and now is the season to enjoy their talents More than 25000 moderately priced hotel and motel rooms await you and the weather Is as dry and clear as a You can be at your 'ring- - r' f k r-- - 1 1 ' ' t ea's " 1 - ' i- ' s :' i ) ' A 17- i 4C- t 's- - 4 e 4 z - ! 4 t ' ' - y l' 4 2 )s 1 - a- A" t ' 'f ) ttl A 01 x y w'' 4' W z- --- - 4 — t se ' l' C i-- 'f l ' '' ' I :1 e---- s It '' - o r t':7' g ' feli 4 ' - ci so ' t: A r ' CALL AGENT - 4 - Eh:time! is' 01 C - ' to-- 'SlLmartinicar f - ' I t 1 ' ' curtain goes up hometown it's only a short by jet or a pleasant trip by the 'ji - (i ' t 2 7 --4 ' ' -- i I ' - 0 " t ' - 4 '4 is 7 - 1 - !' P- ' s 0 t i 1 o 1 J : '' 0 ' 1 - 11 '' i I a ex I 71 ts - It'i se 't 2? :' 0 1 e '211 i - r! Q e' i I - ' : 1 e 1"1 t ' e ' ol 01 itr 'PIIt "A Ile e us ir ' i 4 1 o d- 0 4) I I's I :1st'' A: 1Ie ei I e 0 le o Isel° - C e- i ' 4 '11 : 4 1 ‘ 1 1 1 eel s e 9 k n i 3' e I s t4 e I e - i cl tz 'li ee : 1 - - 11 i t 4 eo LAS VEGAS L'OLIDAY NOW!! s s see i show-stopp- fi- MALL ' 1 ' te 4 $ a ' I :it ' ' - V in ie- - e'l I " - i7 0 s 1 e e i y o t'iN 11 ' A :: 0 te ' 'PK' :0 fe ' ' o if r 0 - ' vi)eflutlil- 4!1 v - ' : 0 c) 'I a 4af N - ee : see 1 fre Aee '1 oe the boy" 4 - " it ' t w Billy Ilardeman 1 -- a adoe I teers since he was missed by his mother Monday afternoon Els two dogs were reported with him when he wandered away "A man searcher was walking along when he found him on a slight hill bedding down for the night" said 'the dim- P thatcher Shirley Elrod "One of was still with him dd The jumped up and ran when the man came up and found I : 47 I i'' -- - t ilk 1 4 urer he ee 'e I ee 0 N CARTERSVITLE GA (Al') — A boy reported In "reasonably good health" was found Wednesday night bedding down for his third night in rugged hill country about 53 he had red from his rural -- 4110 e se as o - student there is hthu:dr:c11)tcott ' r lit'3 detroee00ora Lost 2 Days hseaadrcirit 'ite ' Of - ie en e - o- t t '41 Boy 3 Safe The child te t se 1 e0 It e i - 6e - 049 e4reste e': : ' 1 ar 6:0 tee' 1"14--1 ' Ar ft ' Je'a - e It 1 '' ':: '' A 0 roOoSP' ' se 4' : - 't 46 'ise e ' ---- 1 I 1 s - S 0 i( t s ' s es - i - re 4' - e l ' '''' t '''''' 11 t ee e i eis-e- e 'e If ene se s ' he ee : e et e e s '' ' I e 4 te z s- - — ' LI - ii1-- e'i ssei 4e I --4 At the universities where psychology until last year was a subdivision of philosophy Independent psychology facul-ties 'have been established s : : ' i!4 ' "- — pz - est e: lee hwoarnnede uon human nature is beginning to puncture the theory "Dropouts" a new word in are the Russian )anguage as more teenIncreasing agers are eager to give up the school bench for the independence that comes with a pay-check f1 i ) t i I 1:S esk e ecio per ':?:ic i fi t e ele el - e 7 44cogoodmpullo:roreyvenryoeconnedaryNoweduthcaat them involving Stalin's son However the Munich state prosecutor Kurt Weiss said Wednesday that the death of Yakov Stalin would play a role in the court proceedings Weiss said that thus far the court ' only had "vague rumors" about the death of Stalin's son He added that if Yakov had been in Sachsenhausen in 1944 he probably was shot there thus the trial of Kurt Eccarius could lead to the arrest of those who shot the Russian leader's son Earlier this week a former SS sergeant Walter Usslepp told a West German newspaper that Yakov had been shot by Nazi guards in Sachsenhausen after refusing to make a speech to workers condemning his father and praising Hitler (Copyright) Ito ' t ( 4- -e gA4r e t 'e- 1 : 4 - le 91 ' t i - ce'7":‘ J a ee 4:-- ) il' e31t-- - t! Le-- ' a 0 A re p:'ee Se ofeldr road to an open system of learning and inquiry still seems long and hazardous In the "sensitive" or politically controversial areas such as the humanities and social sciences it is difficult for students and teachers to look for the new answers that the changing nature of Soviet society demands because they have for so long been deprived of the opportunity to ask pertinent questions (Copyright) ' s I e ' I d ' - ' ess A 4 01t r e The education institutions rest es ! 1: 'ff ' ill ' ) - ' ets ''' li SV' e the press is spending his cal Sciences retirement directing ExperiHis School - 710 mental program he points out 11 based on "the students' special interests" without tests with a minimum of required courses and with a startling record of getting 95 per cent Kondratyev fortyish new rector of the university and a young leader in Soviet education excused half of last year's freshman class from standard lecture and seminar requirements He is convinced that this freewheeling group Is outpacing the e ' 7'' I s - e "t vehemently and said: "Yes both governments" Ile added that the people were far ahead of the governments and A Melnikov a former vice president of the Adacemy of Pedagogi- 41 - ies ' 0 0r esee - ?r1 ei!c s e eeet e I I i t se I s et)s ' e - (r '' ' ejel :'::''::i dee- ee s j' se i I :' 0 it ' e ter A s 4 e- to I' -'-r 'A' -' se e et y a- e! sf is e esoyo eee::-e- - see e'N-::- - - e f le '5'-it e t -se 'Ze 1 5 tf: ' '"-- ( ? se-e e e te 4 e X r nodded II i ese:'s 4'1 es 'i f c is - so little contact between Russian and American students was told that this was the he fault of the governments - : ' i re rfa '- e'4'‘ 7 ' i e 2 Notes Little Contact pursuits While many educators sneer at this "American way of let- - in Leningrad 4 A ' e "Tell us about modern art a In America" girl in an English class in a Moscow secondary school asked an American visitor structured ee i - A ' e: ei I lee sees:reef 14v j 1:' n ! - - e 4fe et- A !- e? I I 1 above-thekne- When a university who had asked why 1 e :' Ct poise weekend for such tin New e 4 e with hemlines and pastel stockings) are of a new mold with easier smiles less inhibited manner and greater streamlined six-da- into : :if-s- i 'e os A have many girls s- k r i c72 I) 11-- Iit i : 1 'L t1t' i f 'e I -'A sphere of schools and universities might again become oporessive The visitor to the schools and universities senses a new style and drive Mien to the older generation The teen-ag- e boys and girls despite their Victorian school uniforms five-da- graduates - e' 1 ele-- I ' resolved If the central decided to tighten the controls the atmo- e of his - e- 4- telttured -- 2eti'Kf- tguteThamrde Educators predict that within a year students will be permitted time out for independent study — American-stylThe fact that the school system like the economy is y about to switch from a y to a week these educators say will make it possible to use part of the longer ted to the change an In Moscow scholar Prof Mich es C-- e eeese ''' otinmedeucaUtriobna'nsizdaotio7 (which e iee- ts e t e ndtetshtebetletwweemneethise s s - es 1 et e I le - p ft7t1 e ' The rural schools lag seriously Few urban teachers want to teach in the hinterland Frospects run their education" some highly respected experts are already commit- 'e ye - ' : speaureaucracy Future " N asmstamsisleast isetegpspeaoheuyg eetasduekat°edr grades were allowed four hours of elective courses The total is to be increased to six hours in the coming year starting in the eighth grade ef Vk- - ' ‘1 ee : rP 1 r ‘esseeeeesomsA1- --e -- ' ''' Professor Prokoliev's call for independence and initiative present school for erring "on the side of the abundance of facts that had to be learned by heart" For the first time during the 1966-6school year' st11-- dents In the ninth and lOth 1 l'' N'" IL 1 11tt ''1 Y' -- trend is unmistakable: ' I ' i I'4E2e s i r- r- - 4 I hdalfsliculeiftt ( i J k ' '''Y I e Conservative party officials try hard to stop the process The same forces that want to slow the production of consumer goods also want to con tam n the production of independent youths The liberal educational leadership will have to he quite persuasive in its effort to outpull the con- servative establishment in its present tug o' war These challenges come at a non-scien- I 3 ire ea '' i tr7":" ee toe C es e Nee f v LLif Conservative Opposition where For more than three decades the Soviet schools have had to submit to the ideological fiction that inherited differences count for nothing and that the tame curriculum is Trial May Clear Mystery of Yakov Stalin's Death New York s particularly conservative at a time that seems to call for change is their own political experience Every past the school reform except original progressive one between 1918 and 1931 was or dered by politicians not educators In the end it fell to the educators to undo the damage Another serious obstacle is the party's ideology which makes change in the "semi dye" areas — the humanities and social sciences — very Asked how teachers universities I relaxed" - 3 — 2 e 1 ' - 4 ple become better educated and able to shift and think for themselves the strings can be able the ordershild Dismisses 2 Teachers al Like much of Russian life the schools are flavored by a kind of family atmosphere — with mutual understanding often punctured by exaggerat-- sail The Soviet schools' basic curriculum with 24 periods a week in elementary and 30 to 34 in secondary periods school is standardized and demanding Mathematics the heart and soul of Soviet education is studied for 10 years physics and a foreign Ian guage for five years chemis try for four In addition there is a heavy load of Russian language and literature hist° Russian - A newly proclaimed educe-tonpolicy will make the school compulsory by 1970 with options to continue either in the academic high school or to switch to vocational schools after the eighth grade (Soviet educators con- cede that this goal is not likely to be attained on schedule except perhaps in the leading corridors the Curriculum Standardized n The ( brave as sshY shortage (Many schools still operate on double shift)) Still a hardworking waiter may make 50 per cent more than a high school teach- er and a skilled factory work er twice as much Appeals to Parents The urge to learn N reinFormidable Obstacles forced by the schools' con- s stant appeal to the parents If ) The obstacles to change are pupils' efforts lag the parents formidable are lectured When parents as The pedagocical machinery a gmup periodically meet Itself moves slowly A new with their children's classof English-languaseries founyear room teachers the accomtextbooks for explishments and failing of all ample will take 10 years pupils are openly dissected in from manufscript draft to such assemblies When it was But the lion's share of the suggested to a textbook editor credit for the successful classthat the time lag might be exroom atmosphere belongs to cessive he said: "In the same the teachers Whatever natu- period you (Americans) will ral devotion they bring to the have published a number of the system generates Job poor texts We will be sure to steady pressure for diligent have published the best possiperformance ble version" Each school's principal has educators Ire ' sweeping powers for hiring suspecious of education fads limited dismissal and only by They acknowledge that Amer- r the the ican innovations are of great council of the teachers' union value to them — to avoid costmembers of the school's own ly mistakes mathematifaculty The eminent The principal of clan Andrei N Xolmogorov Moscow's School B4 has a facwho is a key figure in the cuulty of 50 for an enrollment of rrent So v le t curriculum 1000 from grade 1 through 10 reform pointed to a shelf lie has four assistants — two filled 'with American ''new for academic affairs and two math" texts Each was care- for administration Together they keep close check on full-tim- found in French or Cerman schools After hours chatty of youngsters and groups their teachers populate the as always thf corn-bin- ' not are she e "Besides they worry about their mathematics than their English" The ettitude was the slightly embarrassed mother whose little boy refuses to shake hands with an acquaintance Pride in the "group" that is the class or the school with most of the basic maintenance and cleaning up done by the youngsters creates an at- mosphere conducive to learning It was this Aspect that in -spired the American young ster with her - sudden eager- ' American Policy "The boys girls" publicschool enrollment currently stands at d about four million and the e enrollment of all institutions of hlgher learning is a little more than six million Private elementary and secondary schools would add seven million more Future Compulsory "Now how abOut the boys" said the teacher a slim young- and cormpondence i e - In hIghor education the last czarist count was 127400 students Today it is four million Half that total represents i In a ninth-gradEnglish class ' the teacher asked for volunteers to talk about their career plans Two girls spoke 'nenuYS request Boys' Answer men enrolled In elementary and secondary schools The present total Is 50 million not Including four million in the technicums the vocational and technical schools 4 Million Enrolleit teacher exuberant 4 estimated Illiteracy rate of 75 per cent In 1915 Russia had fewer than 10 million pupils ' lis or scolding ish woman with a slightly stilted British actent Nobody volunteered "Won't you try Anatoly" she asked one of the students Be shook his head After more unsuccessful coaxing the teacher a little sheepishly stood up for the young the most fashionable schools — the specialized schools in which Intensive instruction in one field such is a foreign - we will be for money Some Squeak By ' Continued From r'sge One -I 1 ir-7--- student recalling graduate the Tatar conquest of Russia In the 13th Century "As peo- but history produce? are as rich as the to spend humanities Schools htspire Fever to Study Despite Confusion - i are what does - will s --r - a 1 - engineering production counselors 1 - (-- s e create a spirit of independ50 ence after years of enforced conformity preceded by centuries of ignorant impotence "It's the aftermath of the Mongol yoke" said one Soviet Leningard a young graduate student in history said: and guhicet — - tee eel eeeet -1 (-ei7771N ' s el 2 problems remain It is Huge jurenpieretsenttaacutivitey for it Ps ti I 1 ler!gsleerof t°IndperpeoclnaciemnchethaPnrivti without protest or the "suggestion" At the ' i In ter a e1 1 - r-- 3J-I American hoot guidance Even discussion party a "Science needed :‘ ' Inside Russia Today of of c E xpehrtasp r make their in Soviet year universities a faculty IImeeting on the choice of a textbook in a "sensitive" field usoftlathlley F: i t required cours- - member Marilyn SilraratanMatinarn I books a n ce it take the acCepts discussion - — - dull vast areas s - cut- serious appears to be the omission of eess iro eeee eseeese - aspect haSItudebnts I!anddried e ‘ ''t k ' Despiteconfuston and flaws in Itusslan education the system inspires a fever for knowledge- Mesa damaging aPnrnricelegrised -Ni I ' is stocked ences a coliegction with a That - More le4'"'4p '''''''0'- - — ' ' ' -s- ee 0A0 " ' 00or ' ''' 1 ' 1 P e k ' ' ' 1 esee lee r st e ' ' t e ' I most ) ' (I'''A i i eeseseesee ' ' - ( :-- 1 i '' - lk ( A e - - s e high-scho- I A ---1- so e seee e '—'' 3 e----- i : ''' )t A : '''':: ' 2 es 2 k4V i ?— it l - 1 I - - tmlitz - N s ' physics reform curriculum by Jerrold R Zacharias $ 0 Ihome to pupils that the down- - of the Massachusetts Institute and the vicof Technology bas been ' tory of capitalism communism are inevi- - translated and distributed in a ei table" and that history must limited 1500 edition for pedaJ be taught to produce "intolergogical experts interested in ance towards bourgeois the American approach to ideology" science by way of independent - I Dull Indoctrination discovery rather than by rote !i - In the inner sanctum of the ii Educationally the ritual of Academy of Pedagogical Sciindoctrination itself is not the ese - not surprising The syllabus for history in the school demands secondary that this subject "bring it 1966 I ‘ The experiments of such American educational psychologists as Jerome S Brpner and Burrhus F Skinner are The wklely studied all our best said the administ- This is ' " '- - :-- have argttments" rator ) eg- 4 l that we e 1"""N ! - 1 1 "1 At if e : ) i - i --- e f 1 Asee - '- -' t --- '''''' e""''' - - r N-- r' c 1 s - - e A o" t - - e 1 -- ---e 1t ( ' ' |