Show 4' - - t r !: - t'l 4 - - - it i ' I 1 4 ' 4 ' t: 0 ! ' - - - 1: i i r': - ' ' 1 Sandal' Morning Itrite 4 flatt Cake rCribtme t - -- 5 :jtily 6 1941 i — - f ' ni f i - r0011 ito cip ® al le 1 iL 1 ' o olio c o a ec tiROSra ' e - t o 0 v e1 (rixnt f - v r1 i e CI 0 - Y A e ca t ell a b- II o IlLe e a on eilbaltrgi ro o Ig 1g 1 1 0 0 i ' 1 1 filU I " :I ' 1 - CO C' r i --- - ' - ' — ' B ili 1: — : : J 1 1 A - I it ss ' ' 'it- - ' - - - ----- - ' 1 ' ''' - - - - - 7'4'4'4- - 7 ': i - - - - ---- ::: : i ' 4 — :: ::- f I I ' ' : ' ' ! ' '' ' s''T f '' ' - '' ' -: '' ' : ' 1 -' ': ' - '''' : - ''''' ' '!!' 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' -- ) lks si I 1 0 ' - : 'f' - ': I - - :: '' - 91 1 sure-17- - k 4' 4" ' tho croft that ' ' ) k s : ll-- 1 to cut 1 i A 7 - - - - 1 i t: r 4 4 ‘- - i''' s ) t - : -- N4- -- :'!:-7 : : - :? - " - le " '- ' ' !! 4 - t - : '''' '''' ' 1 '' 1 :: 7'14- - r 4 7: ' - :f i (44k i ::::: : hundred - A- 1C7:::' - 1 1 The story of the early development of modem repeating firearms 'and the- - p H:::s i ::k t6 z machine gun is an equally exclusive tale of American endeavor All repeating 7:::1' leor':014bitii1---k- 1 1 f pistols and rifles date front the world's first successful repeating weapon producej ' ''"':by Samuel Colt a Yankee inventor in 1834Colt Was a prolific inventor but his name will always be principally associated with: the revolver 4o--While Colt was manufacturing pistols for the American forces in the Mexican 1 war one Richard J Gatling of North Carolina was inventing a seed drill for the peace time purpose of planting grain He made and developed an excellent drill :: ‘t44617"-- '- it and it revolutionised agriculture in the grain producing states When the Civil Wart -- broke out he thought something ought to be done to stop the slaughter So he :' ' invented a gun that would fire ballets as his seed drill fired seeds The Getting gun iwas capable of firing five k first machine gun 11 r J Gatling's invention was efficient enough but 'operators complained that it was !" bard to aim because of the hand crank mechanism necessary to its rapid fire In k 1884 Hiram Maxim obviated this difficulty by treating a gun without a crank All '':' 37 the gunner had to do was aim and pull the trigger' The new gun operated perfectly the recoil of each shot throwing a new shell and cocking the firing mechanism i i'it Uncle Sam was a bit reluctant about buying Maxim's improved guns so he I' sold them all over Europe and to be nearer his business he moved to England t': t where be was knighted by the British Queen - f smokeless Hiram's brother Hudson made the first powder in military history ' 0 ' and to continue the family traditions of inventiveness his son Hiram Percy Maxint ) ' 40 lir Maxim the silencer I developed t survivors of the WOrld War and of the war'I939 t4 The submarine-torpedoe- d ' ' can thank American practicality for their experiences although the theory —7 In this department is credited to Leonardo daVinci who bad a plan for an under4 !' -1 sea boat Da Vinci never tried his boat and was content to theorize But in the dap' ' IN y 4 ed 4- - 4 - s414 11: t t9 ip ' - s i t: ' - -- - 'i: :''S' ' 7 erst'man-crorti-n" Imarine in T - -1 - 'f 7 r:3 Cyr tho 1:t1 Lutforerunnerof ' t'ilchn P A t : ' '1:1!'?- '' k etc 7rltl'iithenthiity- 1- Nrsir'' : s i i ' r I : k 0 4 z:: - ed - - 7 - I': t1 — - J 'r711 r!-1tt- s' t: 4:7 ': :!::: :!::"::‘::':::::- He ceased experimenting when one of his models :fell into the Potomac In 1903 the Wright brothers added lasting stiniulus to aviation with their kitis typo plane From then on American ingenuity Maintained itself in a commanding position in the new science and industry of the air? American inventors hive dont more than their share in the development of the present type of pursuit and bomberplanes whose swift deadliness long range and carrying power render them one of the most effective forces in air warfare today 7 s I ler-- '' — trs' Wri ''1 engine-propell- -- - 6 0 their plans materialized until Samuel P Langley r secretary of the Smithsonian: Museum conceived the idea of an kite Langley built several models that flew and the aviation industry was born'i 4- 7- 4 zt ' ' 4p I 1 s r ":: 4 i --- ‘ - ! : rc-t:- - - it'die--7--'''14-1- ' ' k I I- t - - - - ' - t - " I '4 - r-1- : 1 f") "'''' ' I - ' eft - Lit a super-battlesh- - : ' : : 1 L — x blitz They stem back to the discoveries of Samuel Colt a Connecticut Irankeesand p Richard Gatling a North Carolina farmer ' Tank battalions which have revotti- tionized many forms of modern warfare' trace their descent from an agriculturer machinery factory in Iowa In today's Battle of the Atlantic the moist dreaded weapon of the new naval ideas of David Bushnell American inventor of Revolutionary times The much discussed powerful engine of the high seas is the direct descendant of John Ericsson's "Monitor" of Civil War fame Latest 'types of I steel armor for the heavier ships &Id their prototypes in the plates evolved by the American steel maker Harvey and developed strangely enough by the late Andrew ' Carnegle"once one of the higher priests of American peace movements Americans have always been the most peaciiminded of the world's inhabitants American inventors have been motivated almost exclusively by peace Their thoughts as to weapons of war were incidental vet their fertility of inventive and mechanical genius has been such that historians will record war history in terms of their products An ironical part of this pictua is the fact that peace-mindAmerican administrations have often made it necessary for American inventors tis take their discoveriei abroad The development of the airplane 'to its present position as a giant threat in war and a blessing in peace is a typical story of American mechanical ingenuitx and scientific planning For centuries after Daedalus a Greek carpenter heti 11 1 - s - I-- :: 10 tiEJAWC! kUIIAJUIP :' t I tTha I 0 0 I 14 E '" HE supreme irony of the devastating land' sea and air battles raging In Europe and Africa is one which tortures the thoughts of many: a peace- minded American For through a treacherous quirk of human destiny many of the very weapons and devices which are gnawing away at the vitals of one Of the world's hemispheres were invented and developed by American genius And grotesquely enough descendants of that genius are striving mightily to:skirt the brink of the destruction indirectly wrought by their ancestors Millions abroad who have for many months been subjected to daily rains of ateel from the skies can trace their misery back to the discoveries of the Wright brothers two of America's pioneer aviation experts The steel rains of coune are bombs The deadly charges within the walls of these missiles are compounds developed following the chemical researches of Iwo more Americans the brother±s Hiram and Hudson Maxim who first made explosives able to stand rough handlini Repeating firearms and machine guns play no leas a gruesome role in the dead4 - : Pia ' Ds't 4 f - - D ' - I -I' ' 1 1 i '74 r- ?:: ' 4 - d -- : - -- ' it "- - a k - 7 ---- $ - t ' - - - - ' it '' ' ' - :' ' : ": :? - : ' ':'1 :1:- ' - ' ' : ''' 0" "' ' : - 'e't '''' i' '' - ':- ":2::':: iz ' - 1 7' ' e I ' F ' ' i tI Ct:trat3 C'''11 rretv'i mat1t3 &burs oftoclay N7 !t 'f'-e- -- s ! - -- - -:' "-- - r '' : ':- - Y--- ' ''' ! I - -: - submarine on his designs with sundry improvements and in 1864 it attacked and destroyed the Union frigate Housatonic but4was itself destroyed in the processil TMs was the first case in naval war of a vessel destroyed by an undersea craft In the world development of the submarine since the Civil War two Americanso John P Holland and Simon Lake played a leading part Mort of the world's subK: surface craft are built in accordance with the patents of one or the other No leu interesting was the development of the tank without which the present'" day blitz methods would be negligible For years prior to the World War the Holt Company of Iowa and California had baeas building agricultural machinery specialiA Laing in the tractor The tractor was an American invention its cardinal principal---being that it laid its own trail in the form of anendless caterpillar belt which picked i: itself up again when it passed a particular point In this way it could cross the' roughest country roads or no roads In the early days of the World War soinebodi :i ' ' in the Holt Company thought that one of their tractors covered with steel plateir' t: might make a moving fortress A recommendation was made to the British For some time the British with e har aetnt e muddling did nothing about it ?N Then they were spurred on by the heavy casualty lists of the Somme They went Into action and the new monsters became a reality By 1917 large numbers of them :1 - Were active on every battle front ' Since 1918 an American J Walter Christie !IOW past 70 has become one of ' the worldts foremost experts in the construction of tanks and the theory of their17: operation And during the peace Interlude tank tactics and Capabilities have' changed astonishingly Instead of the sluggish titans that lumbered over the Argonne battlefield at four or five miles an hour modern tanks are spear heads which dart before armies at speeds estimated 4t well over 60 miles an hour - : - - ' - - ( 4 - t ! 1 - 1' ' 1 ' : - ' ' : i i ' ° -- : '''-'- $ ' 7 - 71- :' ' ' lAeservedi bp ! - ±- 3i1l - '1 t:zi 4: I: i-- t: - f- 4 :1 mt'-47:- ' ': '' " ': i : f'::-- 1:: 'b :- 4 ' ' - - 6 ' ' '' ----' IL - 1- '' aloadvm - '' i i ' 4 : :: ::-::::-- :s::::: ' :::-s- - - ''4sNe' vdi : - - 0- --r 1 - - z ' - ::' - : 1 : ik- 1 ---- -- i Al 1 It — t c — - - -- --- a It r- 1 fp -- - - i - 1 ostvim -v: g i -4 4 ''''''1' 4a ': - --s1'7' ---- - - 4- - ' '''4 - re—N - - 1 4 - '0e1 N4 N - - ------- - II - tot ' - 7' 4 ( 100k ' 4 ' A 1 2'4 v - - 1 b - e ' :044 :-‘- 0 4i60441"4"4-014r"1:110- - - - - '4 or 4 - r rVf'"I!'-ft-l 4 4 26 i A ' - 47 1r c Nle - NL e '1r 7 v 2 4 t i :'s 1:trat - r- :4 :: - z--- - 1 :i- :: : P x :l ::-- - r1 )!Ilit! 17 -- : '' a :::!' ! 16‘ I ':' ? :: :!: - t 1:: 1r1J) !: 1 c1 : ' : :i: :::: ::' i:::':::: 4 °I- 'i 0 $':' L- ' -- 04--- IL '' 4t -' t!i- - 10 - - -F- :::i ' i - - p !::- " '!- '': ::: ::': - ''''' ' -'-- ): 4:::'s!::ks:"-7:::::?-:::-'::-:::::::- -‘:-'-'i'An ' 1 :1:i::i-Ii:-- - :::- - 1 "':::s::i:s11 01- I ' 41 - i'''" 4- r :' trrirrz 0 ):'1"-'- 4 :i:: '- l - lad Teritergas Ilybdkebik lab - ‘ -- -- - 1 fttrc :t s :-- 4: -' ! : ':'''' ::':'Z' - World Mob J : 4 :- 'f'::a :l i ' : - ff4Phouz'S fhe tan!: Crat became a real factor in 11bcttle durin3 the Crst World Waif 4f Walter Chrisi(tt- a hih sred tenk of 1941: tiles modziI - 1 : T- L 7 33 ' - - : : - k : Li ' 1 s : '1 -- $) : A : t ' ' i A : -: - ' F: - ''--- s) 4 - ! ' ::1::-'--::1:"- - - oh s'''I - !J ' ‘-- ''1 ? '' : '-- 'I ? 41S:-- ir - ' t :: :' A :' ' -: ::)r::--'s 7: ! -' ' il- t! i-- - -- - ' : b: -- 10' - : : v ' i -- onfitv - - 'At" al - I -- t ' ' : ' e' 4 - - '''' ' - 4: VI :: ' r ''' ' 4 ' '- ' ' - ' dk—k-- 3 : attzmt1ta t!:!1 a szecil v 3 traLl UMW patriot-inventer-- i - ' ' : Cat:Lt:es :tho 4::tizat totypo P i - - ' '' ' " " :: ' - ' ' - : 1 —) - - iigccard of vt ' ' IA of the American Revolutiont David Bushnell a'New England a submarine which he christened the Turtle He proved hie faith in it by boldly 'f'fi attackirig the British frigate Eagle The 'Turtle had flasks of compressed air and : i ‘o4 water ballast tanks and was a true submarine the first in hstory When the Civil War started some of Bushnell's designs were still locked up 14 ii American Navy Yard files In Charleston Harbor the Confederate navy- built a N i-s- - $ il i 'Ip ' 4 - ' ' i "'" 1 ' I (fl1 : -- - - v - 4 i i : i : - - — - - : k ' |