Show - - - - - - - - -- - CM11Mals ' - ---- - ' ' ' ! - 4' ' ' ::t : J ourna ts itt Points Out Dangers - hoo 7-Si- - - Of Soviet-- 1 r- ti - - 1 10 1 f i 1 '4 """ ' '1 " ::::::::k10 04:'s1:ili'':rt I ::: 1::::::41:Xg:0 f :::: ':': '"': ' i::'' 1:kiiogik::-:gs?i:iiii:::::::::iJ::: q o 4 ) —'::::::1:riiir:77- 4 i :AVi': 1 : ':i:7)!Ii&!::ii:::s: ' :r- I (4 '‘ $1 Borne 'Worst Offenders' Russia Germany Italy Japan China and Brazil head alcnigllst of countries in which news sources are tinder strict governmental control ownership or subsidy In addition to those just named the countries which are the worst offenders against free speech are Poland Austria Hungary Rumania Jugoslavia Bulgaria Albania Greece Spain Portugal with colonies of Angola and Mozambique Turkey Egypt Syria Iraq Arabia and Guatemala keeps Italy Libya Ethiopia and Italian Somaliland under surveil- - - - - il 1 2 I f - 1 lance while Japan exercises sorship in MAnchukuorEven-Sla- 1 - a Dean Carl W Ackerman dean of the graduate oiehaol'of journalism at Columbia university who calls attention to increasing control bf public opinion throughout the world as in Brazil not-car- m bas press control All of these areas must be ! ) : ' - representing varying degrees of control from censorship to intimidation would include the provinces of Quebec and Alberta in Canada Cuba Haiti and the Dominican republic Salvador and Nicaragua i i 4 0 i I I colored in any world map of free blec speech Gray areas on such a map ' Venezuela Peru Bolivia Paraguay and Uruguay Estonia Latvia Lithuania French West Africa and the Belgian Congo some White Areas In-di- i a - 4 l' o Areas that are still white on this map and which therefore mark the strongholds of democracy against this rapidly advancing world plague Include the United States and its possessions Britain and her el - i AYeria and Tunis Norway SweT den Finland Denmark Holland and Belgium and Mexico Costa Rica Panama Colombia Chile the Guianas and Argentina Czecho-Slovak- ' ia ' ' is - an isolated island of white in a sea of black The recent trend 'toward control remains of public opinion by governments in n countries Dr Ackerman views with alarm particuas larly regards attempts of foreign governments to mold public opin ion iti those countries and with respect to the interests of the United States and of which are being jeopardized The dean spent the greater part of last year in g study of journalism and broadcasting in Panama Colombia Ecuador Peru Chile the Argentine and Brazil in poperation with the United Pre81 associations and the major emphasis of his report is on latilf-America- J ! ' 0 j I - i ' it ' T 7 i7 1 t t — - t' I nations Education of Peoples Peace between nations cannot exist unless peoples are educated day by day to become familiar with International realities and to understand their impact and influence upon domestic life and conditions This cannot be accomplished except through the freedom of agencies of communication Dean Ackerman believes After meeting journalists in Ecuador Panama Peru Chile and Ar gentina he concluded that although the majority of them had as an ideal the desire to serve the nation without becoming servants of the state they 'nevertheless encountered obstacles i 41 2 4 ' t r - t ' ' - conditions in these countries Dean Ackerman's report touches one of the important factors in the problem of improving international relationships not only in the Amer-- cas but—throughout the world The character of accounts of foreign correspondents the releasing by publishers of certain news or he - withholding of other news may prove or worsezt—reiations between 1i ''' ! At 'LIFE MSURAIME ry - dominions France with ii tatorial governments and Guatemala Dean Ackerman found that the news currents between and the United States either flow too much in conone direction or clo structive material' "There is not a daily newspaper In an important city in the south" he says "which does not receive and publish daily information from the United StatesIn Guayaquil in San-- tiago in Lima in Buenos Aires Cordoba Rosario La Plata Mendoza the people are better informed about the United States than are the citizens of Los Angeles Kansas City Chicago Indianapolis New York- - Washington D C or any other group of cities in regard to South America The inequality in the volume and character of the news flowing' from the north to the south as compared with the flow of news from the south to the northshould challenge education and journalism in the United States" Scientific Study Suggested The dean suggests it- scientific study of the flow of news as a valuable contribution to the understandrelations of international ing Studies of this sort will nodoubt be made for in recent years educators are paying increasing attention to the influence of public opinion in domestic 'politics The school of public affairs of Princeton university last January inaugurated a public opinion quarterly publication and institutions like the University of California offer courses in public opinion as an adjunct to courses in government and politics Dean Ackerman urges that American newspapers and magazines send more writers to South America "to discover the new world which is emerging within this continent of opportunities" "In the education of nations today the people must be informed that crime money and automobiles are not the only products of North America and that revolutions and the production of copper nitrate cattle and coffee do not tell the story of what is really happening in South America" A difficult problem the dean finds is that of the selection of news so that may learn more of the constructive and cidtural side of American life and less of the extremes to which we go in Latin-Ameri- cen Latin-America- Crilitdisorder aniaocial extrava- gances "After examining the complete news reports of the United States press associations I was impressed the impartiality and completeness of the news transmitted to South America" Dean Ackerman points out "As the newspapers cannot publish all the news they receive they make a selection From the standpoint of the United States' citizens this selection may not be pleasing It may overemphasize industrial disorder and crime prob-- 1 ably to the same extent that our newspapers overplay reports of South American revolutions" Although one South American country holds the world's per capita murder record and there are crimes of violence In every country' our criminal record is the best advertised This has an unfortunate effect upon our prestige Dean Ackerman says by byfiCiFLiethod PensiCm-ati-ll Up to $150000 Legal Insurance for $100 a Month - :::'Z::::':::::::::::::::1' For All Urged his highest executives and many of the latter were not exempt Anew supreme soviet was elected December 12 under the new Stalin constitution adopted a year ago but the actuti turnover in leadership came as the result of a purge during which there were approximately 1300 execittions thousands of arrests and an incalculable number of' dismissals and transfers Three of the five presidents of the central executive committee were disgraced and probably arrest- -' ad seven of the 19 commisariats of the U S S R through transfer or disgrace changed leadership the army and navy cdtriniands shaken up with eight generals in the former Service executed for treason Nine Commissars Ousted In the Russian socialist federated soviet republic comptising most of the area and population of the country all nine commissars were removed Also were the presidents of' White Russia Armenia Azerbaidjan Kazakstan Turkmenistan Tadjikistan and Kirghisia The premiers of the Ukraine ArUzbekistan menia Azerbaidjan Turkmenistan Tadilkistan and Kirghizia were removed of every one of s autonornouo-republieIncluded in the R S F S R were removed with the exception of one (lakutia) as likewise were their premiers with the exception of one (Mordovia) In most cases the removals resulted in arrests on charges of sepaThe presidents- ther-nin- "70': " dispute& the Trans-Siberia- ::::4:::i::i:: A0!::62-:':-::4::::-:- ''' 14':A::::::':!i:i:::::'::: gr:'::::":'!i:i::::::?::::::::::: e into n the shift 'lit the 'tenter woulctex By SANDOR S KLEIN WASHINGTON (UP)—A proph- ceed 25miles The greatest movement west was 85 noted made a ecy geographer by duringthe -- yeiFiigthit Population of the United Btates would ultimately be at a point 30 miles east of St Louis appears nearer of fulfilment The term "center of population" decade-from485- - - k -- the 7:::FEE:::2: "'''- is - a non-sto- record-breakin- g south-southea- st - west-Unite- --- of-th- e - o HAVE YOU EVER DRIVEN A 4 - - -- The purge followed the RadekPiatakov show trial in January which was a sequel to the KamenevZinoviev trial of last year both of which adduced evidence and confessions of a great plot to overthrow the government e - '' 0 ' ii- - t7- 1 - :': i ie4-- — 4i 1'' t - ( it:- i: Similar changes took place in dustry trade banking and other state organizations which for a time resulted in confusion and fear of responsibility Coupled with inefficiency caused by Inexperience of new men this caused a considerable drop-lproduction 'which however began to rise toward the close of the year The purge Was accompanied by wholesale expulsion of foreigners particularly of specialists and enKi eers both because foreigners were not trusted and because the government was able to replace them with young men newly trained in soviet institutions The December 12 election took the form of a great plebiscite in which 100000000 ballots were cast Since only one person per district was nominated- each of the council of the union and the council of nationalities which together form the supreme soviet: and there were no Issues involved the voters were spared the trouble of marking their ballots They were to have crossed out the names of the candidateaior whom they did not wish to vote but with only one candidate simply —ecttheir holints in a box Protests to Japan In international affairs the soviet union was disappointed in the results of the nonintervention committee-ln London and the Brussels conference concerning Spain and China respectively Stauneh in verbal protest against aggression the i'- t 4 ' 'C - - - -: i - - - - ' ' '': :::i:::':::::::':::7::w':: '' :' ':k):::RM:ge:11!'!'"r:r:-7--'-- '''''""'''''''''''''''::"' ''' '''' :':'''''''' n ' - - -- vv- :::''giaiff:'::i:'::0' --- :':?::::-i':-:::':ii:::c:::::0:'n:-?:?::ii:gii1-- --- :'i:::40'1? - '''''''":: '' - ' ' titi : ': Ai':': - - r:::: : - ! - - ' -- :'':--- - ' "" " ' '' ''''k) : -- A :ii'':':0:ii:::-:--:--:'1-- :k:::a:: :Mi:1 ::: - -' i:: ii:i:i---- ':'' -- :'::7 4 : """ : " :': 51'' : j4 - - - — ' II ' i i V4W ' i:!)i:i-:-- 4b1vi “Mi --- ' - - ' (- e -- — ' - - " :0:41::i-:'- ewLLeoximeo464x - -- - ! ' —I Ja IIII ' ' --t - 1 Il 0 - - I I sZ' 111 In ' 1 " - - Owners report front 14 to 18 miles to the gallon under a car may People who have never driven a wide variety of traffic road and weather conditions think of it primarily as capable of high speed The Lincoln And solUe people jump to the conclusion that the Lincoln Zephyr is that most certainly but the joy of driving it comes has power in many other ways Always the Lincoln-ZephZephyr must be an expensive car to buy It is medium us in beautyin balancelariding in reserve At any speed in traffic or on the open toad LitTrieflILICholl this modern "twelve" is the only car of its khld at safety goes evenly smoothly gently any price! Every move of this powerful car inspires confidence and Choose-frothat familiar discover owners New better six handsome bedylypest inducrulg the two driving encourages new convertibles Sedan and Coupe Lincoln Motor Coln trips are made' more quickly —but thal they drive less fast than befor- e- Having picked rir—panybuilders of Lincoln and Liiiiihae—phyr V4287 without pressure !without fatigue people who have never driven a Prices begin at $1295 delivered at Detroit factory- State( ona car think of it as inherently eliensivetooperati—Lincoln--::-1ederafrae- s above) is $1395 dada (Tatratires this red atDetrolt economical efficient includes is and price factory Zephyr performance both twelve-cylind- er yr uerms ifiliredi flervous Aching - -- A 'L I - - :r:51-:!:-!---:::::'":::-!::-4!:::::!:'::!!::::'::-::::i- ' - : A 04:t-ro"404'"''' - -- - '::':::::':::a::::0':':1: -- i:: : ' i :: i ' - ' - ' :' - ! - :: ::: 77!!!!! --- -- - a:Pan::::'::5--:0:-' 'f:i':i:i''''a::ii:'':::::-:'-i- ' - - '''- : -- -- - - - ' ' in- - - - ihk m ' - - it- an-ev- en "- - y And-man- twelve-cylind- er - : 7 n— - ' oor ff A"-I-' ‘41-L- 1') -- Karl Radek former "mouthpiece of Stalin" in a Journalistic sense warned in his "last words" at the trial that Trotskyists would be found in every government and party organization large or small Foreign observers differed as to the authenticity of the evidence and confessions but it was accepted at face value by a reorganized N K V D (political police) and stern preventive and retaliatory measures followed to such an extent that the entire face of the subsidiary leadership changed Production Goes Into Slump - it 1 -- Beware:Kidfiey Al - te 0 west-southw- -- t — s–ated by the bureau I that point which may be consid0A:::'::AW:':!:::4:1P4' I:' ered the center of gravity of the 11:'4(i :::4M:4::::q:40 !' :::':7 United Statesf that is if it were a rigid plane without weight and the :N4:4 ''' 0:::ii::q:: t7"!3'41:::::' population distributed over it with each individual being assumed to fields cultural :ki:::::m:::k:':: fi':'::::::::51 e have equal weight and to exert an X4Mi4Wift Influence on a center point proporH Party Unity Achieved :" N14k:i:i4:44:4: :::::4::::::1° Political unity -- under the pant': tional ' to his- distance from the Mt44:4t4 munist part) has been achieved point :: the bureau has not Although socialist industry has reached second 1:::':::R'&:4A ' 43::4:::giI:::g-:'center place in the world agricul- made a study to determine ture 98 per cent collectivized with of population since 19301 because of ii3:klge: : :::::::!x:::::::':::::::':4 a bumper crop this year provided expense involved It was believed a plenitude of food and with illit- that on the basis of most recent of Moorefield W Va 19 Mlles :: distribution estimates of Moorefield 16' ''''''4"-eracy virtually eliminated the na- population– :2:::s:hypothetical point is several miles south of Clarksburg W Va tion achieved a multitude of cul the -Miles west of Paxton Ind close to 23 miles southeast of Parkersburg tural and scientific aims Indiana-IllinoW Va: 20 miles south by east of line In the latter field the soviet theIn 1872 J prominent Chillicothe Ohio: 48 miles east by union established the first perma- geogr4her of Hilgard his day predicted north of Cincinnati eight miles nent camp on the north pole the line which the center of popu west by south of Cincinnati 20 p Moscow flew fromtwice lotion would folio and prophesied miles east of ColumbusInd six across the pole to America but that the imaginary center of grav- miles southeast of Columbus In the series the of ended would move by the year 2000 to city of Bloomington Ind and In flights with the tragedy of a ity of a point approximately 30 miles east 1920 83 miles in which Levafailure Sigismund of St Louis where it would re- Spencer Washington township disand five companions nevsky in subsequent Owen county Indiana main stationary appeared in the Arctic wastes and years ::::::117) believed to were have perished The census bureau In 1930 comForeign trade gained a favorable puted the pivotalopoint at a site 29 Josef Stalin who still retains the'whip hand inSsiviet Russia balance for' the soviet during the miles northeast of Linton in first nine months of thejear (latest Stockton township Greene county -- with Great Indiana In the decade from 1920 Have supplied auflerers with a medicine figures available) the d that many users say has proved successful us customer the frontier Manchukuan to and best The Britain S river see 223 was miles moved S R forced center the II ships in relieving attacks I now wish to reach all — I States with which was con- - ward and 76 miles southward The Amur incident in which sunk in the Mediterranean without those who have not been helped and to do I an agreement to purchase cause migraeffective retaliation but registered shots t were exchanged a soviet large westward so am offering a trial FREE Send for it more aggressively in border dis- gunboat sunk brought the two during a period 650- - tion of population in 1933 and now giving age NIMMONS - NS hoe to A worth mama the that x UPS° C WRIGHT 000000 of of the countries Amur with verge open thareattery—experts goodswas Japan along putes :::::''''':N::::::' ::!4::g:::'':::DRJ"' ratism nationalism and seeking the return of capitalism with the aid of foreign powers Leadership in the governments of the provinces changed just as completely Innumerable arrests of communist party secretaries and leaders were recorded the first time that a purge has been extended so deeply into the ranks of the party itself Widespread Plot Revealed An established Life Insurance Company has announce a new plan of offering dArg Life Insurance without a Medical Itsamination and without payment until alter you have had a J ' chance to look over the actual policy Falk explained that his original' Plia–sa Mg) 114 IM20004amoVatdepending upon your age) for OA small plan favored the pension gi premium deposits : of ontr—t — month during the first 5 years and vey of Tennessee and the south resulted in the conclusion that work$200 a- - month thereafter ing people also need the money due 'This policy b Bata protected by to the low wages Reserves It offers Genuine Life In- Inift—tr Aro yort jun Dovrit BervAte He estimated the plan wouldcost surance that you can buy with confiDo you Opt ot suoiloo Joints? o dence The !Company is established $25000000000 and perhaps more Aching Or Up Nighto of operates under the supervision The money would be age Prevent ReadacheaBuatingPPalit annually — and DISUllinee Department the Iffinoli Puffy Eyelids Logo raised by government Backache Dizziness Will Cali and Energy? If so the tzue send isf unney—No Agent Bee for yourself what amount of Able through a 2 per cent transaction tax Appetite may be germs developed in 06 110 of tbo bodiAttring coldeor by Ind teeth or I i: BAEgytillearAnucaeryo?lecanwitelbrmyaoitilerd!igi tonills that need removing These germs without °IA- - 1:ility plan' would put- - an end to my attack the delicate 14 alays FREE NSPCTION inembrante of your to anyone who la noW la rood health breadlines" Falk sadi ' - cane between e or Bladder and often gaups counts Kidney the ages of 15 and 85 that his- knowledge trouble Ordinary medicines can't hp write glvinK Tour apla set your polley just date oi birth eannd of breadlines was first hand since exact tilaatisremaeuiregal:atecastteltatn!yr sittoel name address ' 11111 he had been :private - secretary to OY all druggists starts fighting Kidney' halt your rieeltstiettronresaheige:iaogZans sinew otter la Still- - olmw-YeFads Hownillion otialaclion r3y igulscvlenelt tlemse7 er tttillY policyt will be mailed at once pmWing you tire bobo"for more than a yea culleine anteed Telephone rour druggist for Crites I The 7pensiorts-forall- " —advocate urn INhtlemicE-COMMA-- klimell Rnckfind-- -- rioNtra al 06Plutnlat journeys over the country inaa old ytriot"pr"173aYThoTInoitguar"6Co AAevertiesmeew— - ke ' center advanced 806 miles The least movement west 1910-t- o was during the-- decade-fro- m 1920 when it advanced only L8 miles The total westward shift from 1790 to1930 was 589 miles that' the cen- -' - - Hilgard predicted -ter wOuld folio Close to the 39th parallerif latitude Census bureau experts said the line of the movement since 1872 has been remark ably close to that parallel — The point farthest north was reached in 1790 and farthest south in 1830 In 1790 the center was at) proximately 23 miles mit of Beni- more In the next decade It had moved to a point 18 miles west of Baltimore decades — Succeeding found the center moved SUCCUSIVe ly to points 40 miles northwest by west of Washington: 16 miles last when white-side-wa- ur ' - - -- territory rnarched Japan ' ' 1 e: id 1 from when China wait f 0- rophecy stalemate—- se - 2' t 1!:::::q::::::'':::4:::::'-::- I 1 ' forces Again North ied- i :::::4 the-feder- al it but was settled in a cleared or eventuaiitand the soviet government reiterated It intention to fight for the defense of outer Mongolia However the year ended without more than verbal clashes as a result of the conflict On November 7 the country observed the of the revolution by which the soviets seized power from Kerensky and despite the wasting internal conflict pointed to immense strides in political industrial agricultural and f 'f ' ' — '1 r- - nomic leadership with the exception' of Josef Stalin and a handful of ellrlitorftrIremb I tilitlea with-mutual-withdrawal—of motor car arranged like a covered N M (UP)— wagon ALBUQUERQUE has been a paperhanger Falk Albert S Falk says he has visited sailor knight of the road and tightevery state in the Union except loose wire walker Nevada and Arizona spreading the rope and gospel of his plan for a pension of 230 to 250 a month for all persons 21 years old and over ' 0 r:: ' eoo- 1 t'H 'le r pulation Fulfil 71T-- t Lives Larly - D 3 - T-1- it:::::-4-:-:::74- : By NORMAN B DEUkti moviet union MOSCOW (UP)--T- he closed the year 1937 in the mopping up otage of an internal upheaval Which caused-an-alm- ost complete otti turnover in government and ':':::: - 1 aKes - :i:::::::::::i '! Latin-America- s :::' ''' - 193EL 9 - iUPlil By - ur g 1 '37 Of Sweeping Dimelisions Pre$s---Ceitsorshi- FREDERIC W GANZERT of History end Political Science University of Utah The alarming growth of governmental domination of individual and institutional liberties Is one of the most striking trends since the be ginning of the World war The spread of this "black plague of Ithe twentieth centurr 15 vividly portrayed by Dean Carl W Ackerman of the graduate school of journalism Columbia university In hi3 annual report released last week Dean Ackerman's reports are never dull and this one calls attention to the increasing control of public opinion throughout the world by governmental eensorehip of press and radio With the exception of Brazil and Guatemala and about seven other n states and two Canadian provinces news is freer in the western hemisphere than fn the eastern according to Dr Ackerman THE SALT LAKE TRIBUNEI SUNDAY' MORNING7JANUARY 0 ----I" L - - - - - ll - |