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Show THURSDAY, 2 - Lout A papular radio program at the University of Hawaii these days is tune in a tsunami. Funded by the National Science Foundation, scientists at the university are testing a new early warning system to locate the deadly waves. Earthquakes that cause tsunamis generate disturbances in the ionosphere high above earth that can be detected by radio. In the new warning system, a special radio receiver on the Island of Hawaii reads from a station" on Kauai. Reflected from the ionosphere, the signals will show a shift in frequency if an signals earthquake with tsunami potential occurs. The location and size of the quake are determined by other equipment. TIIOl'GII POPULARLY called tidal waves, tsunamis are not caused by the tide, nor are they ordinary ocean swells, the National Geographic Society points out. Tsunamis are a series of almost invisible seismic sea waves that travel at more than 600 miles an hour in very deep water. They are detectable while at sea only by sensative shore-base- d As they approach land, however, tsunamis suddenly become terrifying walls of water that sweep everything before them. Hawaii is especially vulnerable to tsunamis. In the last 130 years, 83 have struck the islands, causing at least 383 fatalities. As a rule the seismic monsters that victimize the islands come from the general area of Japan to the northwest, from Alaska to the north, or from Chile and Peru to the southeast. deflect them from the populated Hawaiian islands of Kauai, Oahu, Maui, and the others. But a tsunami originating off South America spells real trouble, because there is no natural breakwater in its path and it hits the Island of Hawaii with full force after crossing virtually empty ocean. The last major tsunami that struck Hawaii occurred in I960 and originated off Chile. It slammed a wall of water into the Hilo sudden presence of water," he recalls. And there we "ere. the wave and up one of the main streets with buildings going down on either side and with me flouting upright high off the ground, like a maharaja on his elephant. Miraculously, the wave ran its course and set him down safely after his incredible ride. Briefs 33-fo- ot THINGS AREN'T so bad when the waves originate in Japan, because the sparsely inhabited islands of Kure. Midway, and others down the line split their force and waterfront. WROTE AN eyewitness The the next morning: waterfront was unrecognizable. There were several waves, you see, and what the first didn't get the others took care of. Whole buildings were driven directly through the ones behind, they way you'd close a telescope. Boulders weighing nearly a ton were picked up and set down hundreds of yards away. Tsunamis can be capricious as well as destructive. The same 1960 tsunami picked up a man in the harbor area and gently bore him silently away. 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