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Show ' ,I i - A . AtMffhwiimi msMWSwBedfcg itiritedStiBWeNwsASg nM N i part Two (RECEIVES FULL ASSOCIATED PRESS DISPATCHES) VOL U. NO. OGDEN 341 CITY. UTAH. WEDNESDAY PRESIDENT GIVES ADVICE MORNING. national supervision of I terest nhieb are character, hly pivdwt peatedly recoguized ini luiior! sei.r- - have in re- (Coetmued from PM sssir jVh - j in this country entail ! a proper haudliug of the supervision and regutatlou of public a fhartuliie work of the district. Moreth. interest of thethere la no over, there should be proper factory lx evident tbai ml, f laws to prevent alt abuses in the emol public owns: ship. Tbo . op-u- regulation i rZn noon th difficulties to be Uie intricate and th problem. Their Intention i true, it la a complicated problem, and all kind helical IYfcultle. are ur 10 rie ln aolution. irtioB nitb any plan of will bring all tbo bene-IL-. J'l, bo plan hoped for by its more optimistic under any idkcreata Moreover, plan, the benefits will develop and not rapidly. Finally, we dearly understand that the public mrvama who are to do this peculidelicate work arly iwponalble and uM theniiialvea be of the highest type efficlen-(- . loth a regards integrity nnd oth-eifor bo well must paid, They able men cannot in the long and they mnnt posse B be arcured; a lofty probity which will revolt aa licfcly at the thought of pandering to against ur gut of popular prejudice l lh thought of anything nth nubeerviencm remotely resembling to rich men. But while I fully ad-a-lt the difficulties in the way. I do. not a ha a aio men admit that thtic warrant ua in stopping la our nnd Juat system. t(M secure a wise IVy should have no other effect than to spur ua on to the exercise of tha Justice, flotation, the id (he fertility of resource, which , eo like to think of aa ij ptcally Anier-leanand which will In theiend achieve good iwaalif in thU aa in other fields The cask is a great one of activity. sad underlies the task of dealing with !bc whole industrial problem. But the tact that it is a great problem doe not warrant ua iu shrinking from the attempt to solve it-- At present we face such utter lack of supervision, such freedom from the restraint of law. that excellent, men have often been literally forced into doing what they deplored because otherwise they were left at the mercy of unscrupulous To rail at and assail tbo mei who have done an they best could under such conditions aocomplishen liute. What we need to do Is to an orderly system; and such a system esn only come through Uis of the gradually increased exerci-- e right of efficient government control. government ri pei-ml- even-hande- a. 'op Safety Appliances. b In my annual to Uie congress, at Its third session, called attention to the necessity for legislation requiring the use of block .Ignsls upon railroads engaged la in female eomineres. The number of serious collisions upon unblocked roads that have occurred wilbln the past year adds force to the recommendation then made. The congress should pro-ridme-ua- ge fifty-ilghi- 1 by appropriate legislation, for fhs Introduction of block signals upon railroads engaged In m the t Interstate com-erc- e at the earliest practicable date, measure of increased safety to traveling public. Through decisions of the supreme trt or the Veiled Btatea and the lower federal courts in canes brought hstap them for adjudication Uie safe tysppliance law has been materially and the government has enabled to secure Its effective Utaemcnt in almost all cases, with h remit d that tha condition of equipment throughout the coun-bit much Improved and railroad their duties under safer seditions than heretofore. The gov- matem's moat effective aid in arriv "I at this result has been Its lnsjw'c- iton service, and that these Improved auditions are not more general Is due the insufficient number of inspectors ployed. The Inspection service has jhlly demonstrated its usefulness, and xpproprlating for Its maintenance congress should make for i inerts e in the numberprovision of InspectKtmgthenrd. hses rail-roo- y -- or!. boors of Labor of Railroad Employoo iho excessive hours of labor to railroad employes in train ter- io In many cases subjected Is matter which may well engage T 2 "riotis attention of the congress. strain, both mental and physical, Jj"n those who are engaged In tha wemeni. and operation of railroad 'ns nuder modern conditions is per-JJgreater than that which exists osy other industry, and If there are V reasons for limiting by law the of labor in any employment, cent inly apply with peculiar force whose emi,',ytnent of those ttwnce and alertness in upon the perfor-crbdr duties ihe safety of all 'rsv.i by rail depends. Liability Law. b y ?' message to the fifty-- l congress, at iu second session, "ronimended the passage of an am-Jrliability law for the District 1 r ttory yards, Irrvaewedyia tbst recommendation in my 10 h congress. rnd slon, and further sug-r- o tie appointment of a commla- comprehensive study of to the with SST ofItaWUty, a wise and constitutional subject, applicable to til within the scope of the wjif ki bwer. l hope that inch a law J,n?are and enacted as speed-P Jr e .TP,-?,P- fifty-eight- h 1 e. Labor. WwimenL f ?aa ttsfnrm- V e occion to deal with libie group of problems eon-i- t n,or or less directly with wbnt u, , 7. 1 - tbc labor question, for ia t. of cases n,Jrity be dealt ke wen,1.!! if i. ir.-- tui,-- . I' the-- e ployment of women and children iu the district. Tbre will be u.eful chiefly as object lesaons, but even this limited amount of usefulness would be of real national value. There has been demand for depriving courts of the power to issue injunctions in labor dispute. Such special limitation of the equity power of our coun would be most unwise. It is true that some judges have misused this power: but this does not justify a denial of the power any more than an improper exercise of tfte power to call w strike by a labor loader would justify the denial of the right to strike. The remedy is to regulate ihe procedure by requiring the judge to give due notice to the adverse parties before granting the writ, the hearing to be ex pane if the adverse pany doe not appear at the time and place ordered. What Is due notice must depend upon the facts of the case; it should not be used as a pretext to i violation of law, or the jeopardizing of life or propeny. Of course, this would not authorise the Isantng of a restraining order or Injunction in any ense in which it la not already authorised by casting law. I renew the I made in mr. Loot message for an investigation by ibe department of commerce and labcf of general labor conditions, especial attention to be psld to the conditions of child labor and child-labo- r legislation in the several States. Such an investigation should take Into account the various problems with which the question of child labor ia connected. It Is true that those problem! can le actually mot In most cases only by the states themselves, but it would be well for the nation to endeavor to secure and publihh comprehensive information as to the cortdl-tlon- s of tbe labor of children In the different states, so as to spur up those that are behindhand, and to secure approximately uniform legislation of a high character among the nereyal states. In such a republic aa ours the one thing that toe can not afford to neglect is tbe problem of turning out decent citizens. The future of the nation depends upon the citizenship in the generations to come: tbe children of today are those who tomorrow will sbupe the destiny of our land, and we can not afford to neglect them. Tbe legislature of Colorado has recommended that tbe national government provide some general measure for the protection from abuse of children nnd dumb animals throughout the United States. I lay the matter before you for wbat I trust will be your favorable consideration. Tbe Department of Commerce nnd Labor should also make a thorough investigation of the conditions of women in Industry. Over five million American women are now engaged in gainful occupations: yet there la an almoat complete dearth of datk upon which to base any trustworthy conclusion aa regards a subject as Important aa It la vast and complicated. There la need of full knowledge on which to base action looking toward state and municipal legislation for tbe protection of working women. The introduction of women Into Industry ia working change and disturbance iu tbe domestic and social life of tbe nation. Th decrease in marriage, and especially In tbe birth rale, ha been coincident with It. We must face accomplished facts, nnd tbe adjustment to factory conditions must be made; but surely it can be mads with less friction and leas harmful effect on family life than la now the csss. This whole matter In reality form one of the greatest sociological phenomena of our time; It la a social question of the first importance, of far greater importance than any merely political or economic question can be; and to solve it we need1 ample data, gathered In n aane and scientific spirit In the course of m exhaustive investigation. In any great labor disturbance not only are employer and employe Interested, but also a third party the general public. Every considmable labor comdifficulty in wnlch interstate merce la involved should be Investigated by the government and the facts, officially reported to the public. The question of securing a healthy, and mutually sympathetic attitude a between employerr, and employee, capitalist and la a difficult one. All phases of tbe labor problem prove difficult when approached. But the underlying In acprinciples, the root principle. cordance with which the problem must be solved are entirely simple. We can If get juatlre and right dealing only we put as of paramount Importance man on the principle of treating athan with his worth as a man rather ocreference to hi social position, hi bewhich he to class or tbe cupation. There are selfish and brutal longs. men In all rank of life. If they are and brucapitalists their selfishness of hard Inform the take tality may difference to suffering, areed dtsregard of every moral restraint which interferes with the accumulation of wealth, exploitation of the and weak; or. If they are laborer,of the the form of laziness, of sullen envy to more fortunate, and of willingness violence. perform deeds of murderous Such conduct is just as reprehensible case aa In the othone in er and all honest and farseeing' menIt MU join u warring Individwherever it become manliest wageual capitalist and Individual union, are and corporation worker, of the alike entitled to the protection law. the alike obey must sod law mere to addition in Morrtrt'fr. If be obedience to the law each man. -- diffl-wltla- all system of education, a proper system of ilesliug with truaury and juvenile prob-mu- st with by the state and not by - bO'cntmenL The national bas control of the District ,ia- - bowrrver, and It should ,i;t the City or Washington a otodel city In all respects, "sard parks, public pUy-- bropec refaction of th sys g, wage-worke- cold-bloode- d bw citlxen, miibrouTwa'Pby for hi neighbor and -t at any question genuine desire 'o arising bet seen them from ihe standpoint of tbst neighbor no less than from his own: ;md to this end it is esr sential that capitalist and should eoiisu't freely one with the oiher, should each strive to bring closer the day when both shall realize that they are properly partners and not enemies. To approach the questions which lucviubly arise between from the stand-poithem solely which treats each side in the mass as the enemy of the other side in th mass is boih wicked and foolish In the past the most direful among tbe Influences whlra have brought about the downfall of republics has ever been the growth of tbe class spirit, the growth of the spirit which tends to make n msn subordinate the welfare of tbe public as a whole to the welrsre of the pnrilcnlir class to which he belongs, the substitution of loyalty to s class for loyalty to the nation. This Inevitably brings about s tendency to treat each msn nut ou his merits as an Individual, but on hia position aa belonging to a certain class in the community. If such a spirit grows up iu this republic it will ultimately prove fatal to us. us In the past it has proved fatal to every cummunity in which It has become dominant. Unless we continue to keep a qtfick and lively sense uf tbi- - great fundamental truth that our runcern Is with the individual individual worth of the man, can this not pergovernment manently hold the place which It lias achieved among the nations. The vital lines of cleavage among our people do not correspond, and indeed run at rigli angles to, the lines uf cleavage which divide occupation from occuiia-lion-, which divide from farmers from bankers, capitalist men uf small means from men of large means, men who live in the towns from men who live in the country; for the vital line of cleavage ia the line which divide the honest man who tries to do weB by his neighbor from tbe dishonest utun who does ill by hia neighbor. In other word, the standard we should establish is the standard of conduct, not the standard of occupation, of means, or of social position. It is the mans moral quality, bis attitude toward ihe great questions which concern all humanity, his cleanliness of life, his power to do hia duty' toward himself and toward others, which really count; nnd if we substitute for tbe standard of personal judgment Which treats each man according to hia merits, another standard in accordance with which all men of one class are favored and all men of another class discriminated against, we shall do Irreparable damage to the body politic. I believe that our people are too sane, too too fit for ever to adopt euch an attitude. This government is not and never shall be government by n plutocracy. This government is not and never shall be government by a mob. It shall continue to be in the future wbat it has been in the past, a government based on the theory that each man, rich or poor, la to be treated simply nnd solely on his worth as a man, that all hia personal and property rights are to be safeguarded, and that he is neither to wrong others' nor to suffer wrong from others. The noblest of nil forms of government ia but it is also the most difficult. tVe who poseesr this priceless boon, and who desire to hand it on to our children and our children's children, should ever bear in mind the thonghl so finely expressMen nr qualified for ed by Burke: civil liberty in exact proportion to their dlsimsltlou to put moral chain! upon their own nppctitles; in proportion aa they are disposed to listen to the counsels of the wise and good in preference to the flattery of knaves. Society can not exist unless a controlling power upon will and appetite be placed somewhere, and the less of it there be within the more their must be without It Is ordained In the eternal constitution of things that men of Intemperate minds can not be free. Their passions forge their fetters. Insurance. Tbe great insurance companies afford striking examples of corporations whose bnslneM has extended so far beyond tbe jurisdiction of the states which created them as to preclude trict enforcement of supervision nnd regulation by the parent state, in my last annual message I recommended that the congress carefully consider whether the power of the buroau of corporation can not constitutionally be extended to cover Interstate transactions in insurance. Recent events hare emphasised the importance of an early and exhaustive consideration of this question, to see whether It is not possible to furnish better safeguards than the several states have been able (d furnish against corruption of the flagrant kind which has been exposed. It has been only too clearly shown that certain of the men at the head of these large corporation take but small note of the ethlosl distinction between honesty and dishonesty; they draw the line only this side of what may be called the kind of honesty necessary In order to avoid falling Into of the law. Of course the only complete remedy for this condition must be found in an aroused public conscience, a higher sense of ethical conduct la the community at large, and especially among bnsineH men nnd in the groat profession of the law, and In the growth of n spirit which condemns all dishonesty, whetlt-e- r in rich man or in poor man. whether It takes the shape of bribery or of blackmail. But much cun be done by legislation whiett Is. not ouly drastic hut .practical. There is need of a far stricter and more uniform regulation of i!e vast insurance Intercuts of (hi country. The United titates should In (hia respict follow the policy of u'htr nations b;; providing adequate 1 its influence tiiruuiiU diplomatic ( channel, to prevent uujui. i ncgoiiaikms illustrated i lie propriety recognising the uation-iii- l character of iusuram-i-- , for iu tbe ' absence of fedeVl leglfcbnon tbe stale department could ouly give expresiun to tbe wiahea of the autiicriues of the several state, whoso policy was ineffective through want ol uniformity, 1 repeat my' previous that the congress !ioull ulao consider nheiher th federal government has any power or owe i) duty inwith inre poet to domestic trn-ouu- n surance of sn iuieratate character. That atute supervision has proved Inadequate iu generally conceded. Th burden upon insurance companies and therefore their policy bolder, of conflicting regulnliou iu many males, is unquestioned, whilu but lililc effoctiv check b Imposed upon any able und unscrupulous man wbo desires to exploit the company in Ills own imeiet ut the expense it the policy holderu and uf the public. The inability of a stale to regulate effectively insurance corporations created under i lie . laws of other stale nud transacting the larger part of thrir business elsewber is also clear. As a remedy for this evil of conflicting, ineffective, and yet burdensome regulations there ha been for many years a widespread demand for federal supervision. Tbe congress has already recognized that iuiersiata inaurauce may be a proper subject for federal legislation, for In creating tbe bureau of corporation if authorized it to publinh and supply useful information concerning interstate corporations, "including corporations engaged in insurance." It is obvious that if the compilation of siailorics lie th limit, of the federal power, It Is wholly Ineffective to regulate this form of commercial Intercourse between tbe states, and a tbe in aura nee business has outgrown in magnitude the poshibillty of adequate slate supervision, the conshould consider gress carefully whether further legislation can be had. Wbat is oiild above applies with equal force to fraternal and benevolent organizations which contract for life insurance. uf ihe congre I wage-worke- wage-worke- The Revenues. There is more need of stability than of the attempt to attain an ideal perfection luthe methods of raising rove-njiand tbe shock and strain to the business world certain to attend any cerioua change in there methods render such change Inadvisable unless fur grave reason, it Is not possible to laydown any general rale by which to determine the moment when the r canon foi will outweigh the reasons against such a change. Mnrh must depend, not merely on the neee, but oa the desires, of the people as a whole; for nerds and desire are not necessarily identical. Of cqurae no cliange can bFmade oa lines beaefleial to, or desired by. one section or one stale only. There must be something like a general agreement among the citizens of the aereral states, as represented in the congers, that the change is needed and desired in the interest of Ihe people si a whole; and there should then be a sincere, intelligent, nnd dfsint crested effort to make it in duch shape as will combine, ao far aa possible, ih maximum of good to the people at large with tha minimum of necessary dizregard for tbf special Interests of localities or classe. BuL in time of peace, the revenue must on the average, faking a aeries of. year or together, equal the expenditure else the revenue must be Increased. Last year there wa a deficit. Unless our expenditure can be kept within the revenues then our revenue laws must be readjusted. It ta as yet too early to attempt to out'ine what shape uch a readjustment should take, for it Is as yet too early to say whether there will be need for iu It should he considered whether It 1 not desirable that the tariff laws should provide for applying as against or In favor of any other nation maximum end minimum tariff rales etablished by tbe. congress, to as to secure a certain reciprocity of treatment between other nations and ourselves. Having in view even larger considerations of policy than those of a purely economic nature, it would. In my judgment, be well to endeavor to bring about closer commercial connections with the other people of this continent. I sm happy to be able to announce to you that Russia now trenta us on tbe basis. Economy in Expenditures. I 'earnestly recommend to Ihe congress the need ol economy and to this end of rigid scrutiny of appropriations. Aa example merely, 1 call your attention to one or two specific matters. All unnecessary offices should be abolished. Tbe commissioner of the general land office recommend the abolishment of the office of receiver of public moneys for United Btatea land office. This will effect s saving of about A quarter of A million dollars a year. As the business of the nation grows it is Inevitable that there should be from time to time a legitimate Increase in the number of officials, and this fact renders It all the more Important that when offices become unnecessary they should be abolished, ia the public printing al--o a largo saving of public money can b made. There In s constantly growing tendency to publish misses of unimportant information. It is probably not nnfair to Bay tbst many tens of thousands of volumes sra published at which no hu msn being ever looks and for which there Is no real demand whatever. Yet, in speaking of economy, I must in no wise be understood ss sdvocat-tb- e false economy which is in the end the worst extrsvsgsnce.To cel down on tbe pavy, for Instance, would be s crime against the nation. To fall to push forward all work on the Panama canal woald be a grent a folly. In my message of December 2, 9ft2, to the congress f said: Currency. Interest rau-- are a puli.-n-t factor In business activity, and la order that these tsic niy be equalized to ni'-e- i and ilia varying needs of tbe of widely tt'aiaLed. communities, and r; g, . s s Mrii'genciis vluiU injuviourly affect . legbiuiaie a is uecestoiry b an clement of tbs', ther-.- ' to prev-a- : tlte i ivurrotu-- of financial tlaatiei ;r monetary a. cut. ju Batiks ifi,. oi servant e ii-- lo-- Mi n-Liu :bu ibe forrvii bueiuesa of these couipan.is i uu ,iu- . commercial puli of our f poriuut I relations. During the ioiiuLiu-irutioof President Cievcuu-I- . ilarruaiu and exer-c!-e-d McKinley the state : tem of housing so a to do awuy with the evil of alley tenements, a proper 6. I'lf-ues- i ion by foieigu couiiiriot uaainat American iusursuce coiuiiu.r$. Tliee I 1) DECEMBER iiu:l Cimtaieriv. ml upoo them aiiuutd In placed - f.ir a p.aeiii-sble- . the burden at Tu. and uisiuimning a ciivuUiiun :u supply the needs of d iLtuatnes and of our duineMu- - aua fuieig-- j commerce: and tha iuue uf this hou.d e so regu-late- d tha: a aulflt-ieu- t houid aipp be ale ty arsilabie fur ibe buoiSCMt i of iu terra ihe cousin." Every consider) ion o( prudrnce de mauds the addition of the element of elasticity to our system. Tbe evil does no: consist in an inadequate vulnme of luuncy. In in the rigiditv of ibis volume, hi-- due not respond s it should to ilie varying n of coiiiiuiiniiU-and uf Masons, inflation niut-be avoided: but some proilaion should be made ilrai will insure a lata-e- r volume of inuuey during tbe fall acand nlutcr months titan in the tive seeoous of tbe year; eo that the currency will contract against speculation, and will expand for tbe needs of legitimate bust ties. At present the treasury department is at irregularly recurring intervals obliged, in tbe of tbe buxines world that is, in the interests of the American public to try to avert financial crises by providing n remedy which should be provided by congressional action. Business Methods in Deportments. At various times 1 have instituted investigations into the organisation and conduct of the busineaa uf the executive departments. While none uf throe inquiries have yet progressed far enough 10 warrant filial conclusions, they have already confirmed and emphasized tbe impression tbst tbe organisation of the de in is often partmeuts faulty principle and wasteful in results, while many of their business methods are antiquated and inefficient. There ia every res son wby our executive governmental machinery should be at least aa well planned, economical and efficient as ibe best machinery of the great buxine organization, which at present is not the case. To make it eo is a task of complex detail end essentially executive in ita nature; probably no legislative body, no mailer how wise and able, could undertake It with reasonable prosiwct of success, I recommend that tbe congress consider this subject with n view to provide by legislation for tbe transfer, distribution, consolidation nnd assignment of duties and executive organisations or parts of organisations, and for tb change in b n xinesa met hods, within or between ibe several departments, that will bsxt promote tbe economy, efficiency and high character of ihe government cr in-d- a s work. Federal Election. last annual message I id: The power of the government to protect the integrity of the elections of its own official Ss Inherent and has boeu recognized and affirmed by declaration of the Supreme court. There Is no enemy of free government more dangerous and none so the corruption of the elecinsidious torate. No one defend or eanisee corrupt Ion, and It would seem to follow that none would oppose vigorous me-tirto eradicate it. 1 recommend the law directed against enactment of bribery and corruption la federal election. The details of such a law may be safely left to the wlxe discretion of the congress, but it should go ns far as under the constitution it Is possible to go, and should include severe I my pen-nltle- e agaimft him who gives or re- bribe Intended to influence ceives his act or opinion as an elector; end provisions for the publication not only of tbe expenditures for nominations and elections of all candidate, but iso of all contribution received and expenditures ttode by political com- mittee. I desire to repeat ibis recommendation.' In political campaigns in a country an large and populous as our It i Inevitable that there should be much expense of an entirely legitimate This, of course, means that kind. many contributions, and some of them of large size, mutt be made, and, a a matter of fact, in any big political rontesl such contributions are always made to both sides. It in entirely proper both toI give and receive them, an improper motive unless there connected with either gift or rerep-lion- . If they are extorted by any kind of pressure or promise, express or implied, direct or indirect, in tbe way of favor or immunity, then the giving or receiving become not .only improper but criminal. It will undoubtedly be difficult ns a mftlicr of practical detail to shape an act which shall guard with reasonable certainty against such misconduct; but if It is possible to secure by law the full nd verified publication In detail of 11 the sums contributed to and expended by tbe candidates or committees of any political be parties the result can not but corwholesome. All contributions by to anv political committee poration or for any pullii&l purpose should be forbidden by kv; director should not stockholders' be permitted to use money for such purposes; and, moreover, a prohibition of this kind would it went, an effective methhe, x far od of stopping the evils aimed at in corrupt practices act. Not only should both tbe national and the several stale legislature forbid any officer of a corporation from using the money of the corporation in or about any election, but they should also forbid ouch om of money in connection with any legislation save by the employment of coun eel in public manner for distinctly le gsl services. The Hague Conference. The first conference of nations held at The Hague in 1899, being unable to dispose of all the buxines before it the consideration end recommended number of important settlement of questions by another conference to be called subsequently and at an early date. Tnnse questions were tbe fol11 The rights and duties of lowing: neutrals: (2) the limitation of the armed force on land and sea, and of military hudgetx; (St the use of new types and calibres of military and naval guns; (4) the inviolsbili'y of private property at se in titnus of war; tat the bombardment of porta, cities In Ocend viliaae by naval forces. tober. I9U4. si the inxiani'e of the In union, which, ar s .inference held la the United Buuee, u PRICE FIVE CENTS by the law maker of fif- oik'-- Hague coLfcivuce in till anil 1 tiioft earnestly urge m teen oiffvivui, nation, bad rcitoraied th demand lor a wuliwore of this uatiou no- nil iu iis power to to xa'.iaiU, 1 ixued invitation to all the to tun her il:t- mu' cjbt-u- i and to nutka powers signatory to Tbs Hague con- th result uf ihe ueciiunx uf The vention to eud delegates to ucii a Hague comiicnif ffcctis. I eurne:-lconference and suggested that it be! hope ihui i lid cuufvrrocu may bo again held a: The Hague. In ii note able to dtiie uiue way to make arof iicceuiner lti. 19u4. tbe Untied bitration between naiieu the custottiAie government communicated to mary way of sealing international distbe rrpreoeniauves of foreign govern- putes in all save a tew classes of case, ments its belief that the contewuce which should ihemetie be a sharpcould be bei Arranged under the pro- ly defined nud rigidly limited ss rim visions of the present Hague treaty. present governmental and social deFrom all tbe poweis acceptance wo velopment of the world will pci mi., received, coupled in some cases with if poxxiuie, there should be a general tbe conduiun ibat we should wait uu-u- l arbiiration trcaiy negotiated among all tbe uuiious represented at the th sad of the war thru waging Neutral rights and property Uuaia and Japan. The emperor of Kuaaia, mimed lately slier the should be protected ox se a they are trcaiy of peace which o happily ter protected on land. Ther should bn an ttunaied this war, in a not presented International agreement to this purto the ITealdrui oa tepieiuhcr 13, pose and a simitar agreement defining through Ambassador Roseu, took the tiiutrubund ut war. During the tai century ther baa initiative in mtumnu nding that tbe conference be now called. The United been a difctluft diminution in the numState government I response express- ber uf wars between tha tuoxt civilized ed iu cordial acquiescence and suied nations. Intcruaiiousl relations ha vs that it would, ns a nutter of course, brooms closer, and ths development of take part la the new conference and The Hague tribunal is not only a symptom of this growing cloxeness of endeavor to further iu aims. We but a mrass is by which that ail civilised government relationship, will support the movement, and that the growth con be furthered. Our am should be from time to time to taka the conference in bow an assured fact. This government will do every- such step a may be possible toward s cresting ooiu dung like an organizathing in its power to secure the of the conferoace to the cud that tion of the civilized nations, because aa substantial progress nay be made iu lh world becomes mure highly organtbe cause of International peace, jus- ized the nerd lor navies and armies will diminish. U 1 not possible to tice and good will This renders It proper At ibis time anything Ilk an Immediate disto any something as to the general At- armament, becaus ii would first be titude of this government toward mcessary to settle wbat peoples ara more war Is on the whole a me use to ibe real of Vote and pears. oummg to bo looked upon aa mankind, and to provide i.gsinxt th in iisalf a lamentable and evil disarmament of the rest being turned thing. A wanton or uncles war, or a into a movement which would really war of mere sgtrexsloa is short, any chiefly benefit tbcsx obnoxious peowar begun ar carried on in a ples; bnt it may be possible lo exercise aplnt, ia to be condemned some check upuu the uudeucy u swell as a peculiarly atrocious crime Indefinitely the budgets for military agstnxt all bumanlfy. We can, how- expenditure, of course such an efever, do nothing of permanent value fort oould succeed only if it did not Afor pence unless we keep ever clearly ttempt to do too much; and if it were In mind the ethical element which lies undertaken in a spirit of sanity as far at tbe root of the problem. Our atm removed as possible from a merely ir ii la righteousness. Peace 1 normally hysterics! pseudo philanthropy, tbe handmaiden of righteousness; but worth wlilin pointiug our (hat since when peace and righteousness conflict the end of ihe insurrection in the (bin nstiun has shown its practhen a groat and upright people can never for a moment hesitate to follow tical faith in Die pulley of disarmathe path which icads toward righteous- ment by reducing Us little army But disarmament css never be ness. eveu though (bat path also leads to war. There sr persona who advo- of prime importance; there is more cate pence at any price; there are need to get rid oi tha causes of war others who, following a false analogy, than of the Implement of war. 1 have dwelt much on tbe dangers to thing that because It la no longer necessary la civilized countries for in- be avoided by steering clear of any dividuals to protect heir rights with a mere foolish m ntlmeutality because strong band, it ia therefore unneces- my wish for iiesre is so genuine nnd sary for iistiuna to be ready to defend earnest ; becauao I have a mil and tbuir rights. The would great desire tbst tills second' Hogue do Irreparable barm to any natlo that conference may mark a long stride foradopted tbslr principles, and even ns ward in tile direction of securing tha It la they seriously hamper the cauxe pence uf Justice throughout tbe world. which they advocate by tending le No object is better worthy the attenrender K absurd in the eye of sensible tion of enlightened suieemanxhlp and patriotic men. There can bo no tli a (Le establishment of a sursr worse foe of mankind iu genera, and method than now ratals of securing uf bla own country in particular, than just let as between nations, both for tbe demagogue of war, tha msn who lu the protection of the little nations and mere folly or to serve bla own Mlflsh for the prevention of war between the ends continually rail at and abuses big nation. To this aim we should oiher nations, who seeks to excite his endeavor not only to avert bloodshed, countrymen Against foreigners on in- but, above all, effectively to strengthen sufficient pretext, who excites and th farces of right. Tbe Holden Rule Inflame a perverse and aggressive no- should be, and ax tbe world grows in tional vanity, and who may on oc- morality it will lie, the guiding rule casions wgntimty bring on conflict be- of conduct among nations ns am uni tween bis nation and some other na- individuals; though the (iolden Rule tion. Bui there are demagogue of must not be construed, in fantasna manner, as forbidding tbe exercise of prate juxt s there are demagogues of the polios power. Thii mighty nnd fro war, and in nny such movement a tliix for Tbe Hague conference It in Republic should ever deal with all othessential not lo be misled by one set er states, great or small, on a bools of uf extremists any more than by tbe high honor, respecting their rights si other. Whenever it le possible for n jealously a it safeguards its own. nation or an individual to work for Monro Doctrine, real penes, assuredly It is failure of uf most effective Inotr One the duty not so to strive: but if war is Do necessary and righteous then either meets for peace is tbe 1sMonroe grad-nell-y being the msn or the nation shrinking from trine as u has been end developed hy this nation end e It forfeits all title to Ws cepled by other nations. No other polhave scant sympathy with the wbo tlreada oppression lean icy coaid have been es efficient in prothan physical suffering, wbo would moting peace In the western hrnnis-pta-- r and in eivlng to each sallow prefer a shameful peace to the pain and loil sometimes lamentably neces- thereon the chance to develop along had refused te sary in order to secure a rlghtetsie Re own line. If we peace. A yet there I only a partial apply tbs doctrine to changing condiand imperfect analogy between inter- tion It would now be completely outnational law nnd Internal or municipal worn, would t not meet nny of th need day, and indeed would law, because there la no sanction ut of tbe prom-nfores for executing th former while probably by this time bave sunk lato It is useful at oblivion. there la la tbe case tit the latter. The complete with recognition private cit lxen 1 s protected In his rights home, and Is meeting w bare adapted our by tba law, because tbe law rests In abroad because the lost resort upon force exercised application of it to meet the growing of the Hemisthrough the lorms of law. A man does and changing needs not have to defend bis rights with phere. Whew we announce n policy, bis own band, because be caa call upon such aa the Monroe Doctrine, wether the police, upon the sheriff' posse, by commit onrselvcs to tbe conseconupon the militia, or ia certain extreme quences of the policy, and those case uptm the army, to defend him. sequences from time to time alter. Jl But there la no aach sanction of force is out of the question lo claim a right fur International taw. At present and yet shirk the responsibility for ltt mere could ue no greater calamity exercise. Not only we. but nil Amerthan for the free peoples, the enlight- ican republics wbo are benefited by tbe exercise of the doctrine, must ened, independent, and peace-lovin- g tbe obllmitione each nation ia peoples, to disarm while yet leaving peoples no It open to any barbarism or despotism under as regards foreign own rights. to remain armed. Bo long a the less than to lnslbt upon its Tbst our rights and inirrrst are world ta os unorganized ns now, the maintenance the deeply concerned in armies And navies of those peopb-who on the whole eiand for justice, of tbe doctrine it eo clear os hardly offer not only be best, but tbe only to Bred argument. This is especially of the possible, security for a Just peace. For true in view of the eonsiructlea instance; if the United Slate alone, Panama canal. Aa A mere matter of we must exercise a ciore or In company only with the other notion that on tbe whole tend to act watch over the approaches to this canw must be Justly, disarmed, we might sometimes al; and this means that avoid bloodshed, but we would cease tborouguly alive to our Interests in the to be of weight In securing the pence Caribbean Sen. There are certain eesenttal point of Justice the real peace for which which must never be forgotten a reand the most msn must ox times be williag to flghL gards the Monroe Doctrine. In the As tbe world ia now, only that nation first place we must aa a nation maka ut is equipped for peace that knowa bow it evident that we do not intend to fight and that will not shrink from treat It In any shape or way a an exon our pan fighting if ever the conditions become cuse for aggrandizement in ibe nt the expense of the republics to the such that war ia demanded uutb. We must recognize the foci name of tbe highest morality. Bo much It tv emphatically neces- that in some South American countries there bos been much suspicion lest we sary to say In order both that the po- should Interpret the Monroe Doctrine sition of tbe United States may not In some way inimical to their inbe misunderstood, and that a genuine to convince effort to bring nearer the day of the terest. and we must try of this conpeace of justice among the amtiona all the other nationsall that no just tinent once and for may not bo hampered by folly in striving to achieve the Impossible: and orderly government has anything rewould render It hopeless to attempt to fear from ns. There are certain of us which have the achievement tit the practical. But publics to tbe south most clearly all already reached such a point of stabilwhile recognizing that they above set forth. It remains our clear ity. order, and prosperity na yet hardly conthough themselves, In way every practicable strive to duty to bring nearer the time when the sciously, are among the guarantors oft sword shall not be Ibe arbiter among this duerrine. Thera republics we not only on a basis of entire nations. At present the practical thing of frank and to do is to try to minimize the num- equality, but iu a spiritwhich we hope friendship, which it the must be cs-respectful lu ber of I all of the republics to If mutual. at. to all least offer, and to arbiter, thnx civilized powers, some substitute for tbe south 1of us will only grow si have ultrady grown, allude which to IraH iu ara'dabl he will which n' var chamto l) Liic a ronsunible number of invtancec.- si: uctfl lor n doctrine will disappear. ut tbe Oube done pion through .Very much ran mud r atn-ndv- dir.-.-lio- act-tni- y ! ? coa-trem-e. 'I 'it I i. : 1 as-mi- euo-ct.e- Phli-tppin- t r. one-thir- U ! 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