| Show The Salt Lake Tribune LOCALWORLD Sunday June 21 1992 River of Slime: Troubled Waters Run Through Mexico By Isaac A Levi THE ASSOCIATED PRESS COATZACOALCOS Mexico — When Jose Manuel Eskauriatza came from Spain and opened a restaurant in a seaside hut 35 years ago he bought succulent shellfish and sparkling red snapper from fishermen on the beach "Not anymore" his son Jorge said recently Jorge Eskauriatza and his brother Joaquin run Neguri's the city's fanciest eating place named for the Coatzacoalcos River which flows into the Gulf of Mexico at this point in Veracruz state Decades of industrial growth and oil boom and bust combined with little or no regulation have turned the Coatzacoalcos into one of the world's most polluted rivers Maximo Segura Gonzalez still spry at 77 remembers when his fishing cooperative caught 30 or 40 tons of fish a day off the coast "These days people have to go way out to sea and are lucky if they catch maybe three or four tons" he said with a sigh "Yes it's quite contaminated and eating the fish is not advisable" Mayor Edel Alvarez Pena acknowledged He was rushing to catch a plane for Mexico City to seek a loan for a sewage-trea- t ment plant in his city of 480000 people The centuries-olsewer system has 10 outlets into the river and 14 into the sea Scores of communities along the river dump their sewage into it Farmers and ranchers clear away jungle with the destructive method and burn the remnants of old crops before planting another Pesticides and fertilizers some of them banned in industrialized countries seep into the river More than 6000 factories including some run by Pemex the state oil monopoly add a toxic cocktail of petroleum mercury lead sulfur acids and phenol S Jeffrey K Wilkerson of the Institute for Cultural Ecology of the Tropics in Tampa Fla described the Coatzacoalcos as "one of the world's most contaminated waterways" Spokesmen for about 100 of the major industries around the city say they are trying to police themselves but the lone federal in III' 71 4 itp:Iiit V-c'4 - 40'--ko 51 4 N ''‘'' Z1 S 1 - :- --4' -'''''''' ' 4 ' Ow 44 pi 41' '111d r 011' : 7 ti St0 t 0 ' it ' ''' &t:k7s - '' r t' o 0 1724-4:''-'' '0'7'11'il-:--li"' t±L-:- - - ify ''' '' ‘'t! 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1 ' '7' 9s when the inspector arrives and that waste flows into the river through a secret bypass the rest of the time Another of their concerns is Mundo Nuevo (New World) a shantytown of about 5000 squatters that sits atop 21 underground pipelines that link Pemex installations Few if any of the pipelines are protected adequately against corrosion and 20 of them carry explosive materials such as benzenes In the western city of Guadalajara a leaky Pemex pipeline caused a sewer explosion last month that killed more than 200 people Pemex officials insist the lines are safe but are are trying to move the squatters out 71 17 t - 1e4' 14i ' ''A J ' N f -- -' '''''' lee- :a ''- ' - ' - 4' ela- ''''''''''" ‘ a4 to low-lyin- 41 - ‘ t' 41 4 ‘ ' 't1S ''' V ' e ''''4Ç' ' 4' ' iik ( plants to eliminate grazing Larry England a botanist for the US Fish and Wildlife Service says the plants are thriving now A second much smaller population was recently discovered at another site in the canyon This bolsters hope the species will survive The group also purchased a meadow near Panguitch to protect the Autumn buttercup This plant has yellow flowers and marshy area grows in a Like the clay phacelia botanists feared livestock would eat the remaining plants A second population of this plant also was discovered recently Collectors pose a danger to some of the cactuses For example federal officials reported last year that a group of about 20 mature Wright fishhook cactuses near Hanksville vanished overnight Someone dug them up Rare cactuses are valuable commodities among some collectors Duane Atwood a botanist for the US Forest Service in Ogden says the protection of rare plants is less controversial than animals because endangered plants occupy small areas and are relatively easy to avoid The Endangered Species Act is and controversial a measure that became law in 1973 It offers strict federal protection for plants and animals that are "endangered" meaning in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of their range or "threatened" meaning likely to become endangered within the foreseeable future The law prohibits the federal government from participating in any project that would endanger the survival of a threatened or endangered species It is illegal for individuals to harm or kill one of these species r 11 ill 4 ' 3 preserves The conservancy's first purchase was land in Spanish Fork Canyon that supports what was then believed to be the only population of clay' phacelia a member of the waterleaf family that grows in a shale deposit This population was almost lost several years ago when a herd of sheep was allowed to graze too long on the hillside where it grows The Nature Conservancy purchased the hillside and built a ' ''''' t 4 - '' ' 4 i e'' oil-bas- A-1- :7 ii-- - n Continued from - - " IR 40 ' AA 0Z1 xi ' tivg 4t if: it ' ' 'i' ""V "I '''4100' Egs L - i ' ' " 260-mil- e Bloom to Bust: Flower Power Fading in Utah 40 - ow-i ilrl' V" d slash-and-bur- 11111111 4 formed that was 6 feet deep in some places "We became alarmed in 1982 when this gucky goo started seeping out from underneath the crust and into the Coatzacoalcos" Avila said "We called in a German company then an American company and they each said that nothing could be done" "We managed to crack the crust" he said "and started flushing out the waste and carting out the solid stuff We're about 70 percent finished Some of the wildlife is beginning to return — turtles and wild ducks" 670-acr- e 11 Inr i spector says he barely has time to check on the biggest ones Pemex's 74 plants in five giant petroleum and petrochemical complexes in the area handle roughly half the natural gas and crude oil produced in Mexico "It's not easy to clean it said Antonio Avila Gonzalezup"a marine biologist at Pemex "They have been dumping into the river for years and we need time a lot of money and technology" The refinery had been dumping into the swamp since 1908 Fires broke out occasionally and over the years a crust Avila had no estimate of how much had been spent on the cleanup Environmentalists are equally at a loss when asked how much it might cost to restore the Coatzacoalcos Modern tankers that have separate ballast tanks reduced pollution at nearby Pajaritos Mexico's main port but some of the older types still put in and discharge their oily ballast before filling up with crude Ecologists say industries in the area use 5 to 6 tons of mercury a year about 12 tons of lead and 100 tons of asbestos and that much of it ends up in the river Many talk about "el bypass" They say some plants have treatment facilities that operate only -'---- - --- - " |
