Show c l : 1 0 alt gala :tibunt ''i:10 1 Monday June 27 1988 V ' f Section - Page 14 A '' -- Latin American Debtors Need Group of Seven Assistance From a hemispheric point of view agreement by the Group of Seven leaders to help ease foreign debt problems bedeviling African countries must have been less than elating Central and South American nations need and deserve the same sympathetic concern Few troubles give Latin America more heartburn than what is known in the region as "external debt" And for ample good reason Encouraged during the expansionary 1960s and "70s to borrow against anticipated prosperity emergent southof-the-b- economies willingly obliged Unfortunately worldwide recession canceled the prosperity leaving debtors with staggering principal and interest costs and a stricken ability to order ' ) make the payments Total Latin American "external debt" is currently estimated at $410 billion Since 30 African countries owe their creditors an estimated total $34 billion it's easy to see why the Group of Seven presidents and prime ministers convened last week in Toronto for an economic summit chose that international debt problem to tackle first Yet the- larger figure and its implications can't be ignored The Reagan administration tried to address the issue a few years ago when Treasury Secretary James Baker nOioced his plan for easing Latin Ameriqd out of crippling debt However the Baker Plan hasn't worked It relied too heavily on further lending from commercial banks as well as various global assistance agencies and those sources I I - q 1‘11111111 k k ' - highly-respecte- d hemisphere's greatest challenge" It's also the greatest challenge for European and Japanese members of the Group of Seven as well as for the United States All participate to one degree or another as creditors for the troublesome unpaid balances society will face with increasing frequency if we fail to act" James Hansen climatologist of NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies in New York said weather measurements clearly show an unprecedented global warming trend "We can state with about 99 percent confidence that current temperatures represent a real warming trend rather than a chance fluctuation over the period" Senators also were told that world temperatures are expected to rise about 054 degrees Fahrenheit each decade into the middle of the next century with larger gains at high latitudes Many farms would become permanent dust bowls Although temperatures would stay about the same for the tropics precipitation would increase there Sea level would rise about a foot wiping out 30-ye- ar The forecast is grim but there's apparently hope for heading off an earthly disaster Industrialized nations must cut the use of such polluting fossil fuels as : ' 'oil and coal by as much as half accordIng to Senate witnesses : Such drastic measures would uncommon local and internation:al cooperation and commitment to conservation Of course that kind of re major greenhouse warning seriously and adjusting their attitudes and lifestyles :: Scientists speaking at the US Capitol weren't at all about Their "greenhouse" theory which says that gases emitted by cars and factories l'iold in heat normally radiated into Space much like a greenhouse traps lint when warmed by sunlight ea: an atmoMichael Oppenheimer !spheric physicist with the Environmental Defense Fund declared "It is hot kilt today and unless we change our Ivais of producing energy it's going to y chlorofluorocarbon emissions offers some hope for international cooperation in the effort Meanwhile Utahns can encourage their congressional representatives to join the campaign to control the greenhouse trend And for their own part those Utahns can support mass transportation and other measures that would cut down their unhealthy contributions to the earth's atmosphere get hotter" It's :4: possible that the Midwest drought has little to do with air pollutants warming the earth in a "green- le' effect" he said but it should be bouse taken as a warning "of the dislocations : - 1986 i ' i ' - CWTN ' - i '0 k ' ) I 41 'A'e i - ' - 1 'Se - e: °-- :- - a -- --- (-11- t 0 VP: - 1 OUT OF MS 41--'-: - rt cv) ! - et i 711 " ' TAKE POLITICS 'I e ) - IIIS tt i 1' do- - y a- 1 U ) S''''-- t r''' 1 :" ' ' N'':-- i t 1 - III N ' t : 1 1to " - A v ' ) f 2:'-'- -- Lirk 'I T Ni ili : 4' ' ' - - b ? 1:4:L d ' ' vk di- oxide emissions "could stabilize the content of the atmosphere" the scientists said suggesting that nations use fossil fuels more efficiently instead of looking for new energy sources Senate committee members weren't optimistic about the government "taking on" the automobile and other industries that contribute to the pollution problem If conditions like the 1988 drought continue however there will be little alternative Last year's treaty calling for halving 4eanwhile however Utahns and other Americans can begin by taking the wishy-wash- development percent reduction of carbon low-lyin- g A 50 transition cannot occur overnight 40 - fle4 4 e 7- - ' -- ki--- ' 'Ii'4"rtliirti' t - : a- - r- ' :PC - - - 1 1::- 1 li ' 111' '''9"''''-'T- '131P-- r--- -- Nre'4olit- - I 4 )---- ip:-11t- - l - 4 !- -- - e- - 11 A 4' 4colA- is:-- ''''44'--y e v ' 11 -P A 4" - ' 1 (jj ''1 1' '- - t"k ii ' '" IJNI a 0- 411 v 10111CIDSE 1 "-- - 1‘ 1 -- P-'-'-- 4t- yoj' --- Llk: - ''!0) 441 - i 4- if e---- -w :- - - li 'le" 7:7-- 11 t pr:4'i144 - fr--- - ?—tir' - -- e2-- ' ‘ 0 (0141"4 ''' 111 --4 -- ' ' 7-'-"-- &- - 44- ' i i ' tal : -J I "' r):1 61'1:re21"------------g-'-----7- 7e- - clove atm9y krose-- ' ' fostering expanded export All this of course depends on a fairly predictable and benign political climate an elusive condition as long as economic downturn reigns A public endemically poor and largely immobile quite capable of organizing protest and disruptive disturbance if deprived of previously acquired government benefits doesn't convey the assurance of political normalcy Few analysts construe the circumstances as either minor or temporary Compiling a new report entitled "The Americas in 1988: A Time of Choice" a panel of authorities concluded that if no workable scheme emerges soon "The Latin American economies will be crippled for many years to come social and political turmoil would surely worsen and democratic governments would be at risk" This conclusion minces no words: "Resolving the debt crisis remains this seen ' 12 production : While Americans nationwide swelter :from record temperatures and Midwest Tarmers watch their crops wither with-pu- t water scientists are warning the world that worries about the weather re just beginning Thanks to man's polluting ways a group of atmospheric experts told members of the Senate Enersty and Natural Resources Committee a warming trend is threatening a climatic 'catastrophe like humans have never ‘ lit 1- - 0 a t Wave of Future Heat - - c " ec - " VRCIIVE ' 1 7' Kilt" Aor -- - Nt iI'Si A A 0 14111k 402--- already singed resisted going near the fire again It's not simply a matter of tough economics To retire debt Latin American countries like Argentina Brazil Mexico Peru Chile and Bolivia must devote less internal resources to public expenditures and more to strengthening basic industry They need the domestic stability that attracts grealer foreign investment )1b11 - :' (rr- i r t u-- 'r:' - 1Q440' gAqk‘tT61 gtk A : ' VIM ' - - ( 1 ' - (ft - - 26- -- - : - ' - '4 - - 4e--- - 7 44- - 4 Clubs Case Add Inouye to Veepstakes Rightfully Ends an Era ' c ' ty4 " A 1 tb 4'''It't ' dk it Robert By Andrew J Glass Cox News Service WASHINGTON — The editors of Washingtonian a magazine that covers the nation's capital polled prominent pundits to see who they believed Michael Dukakis should put forward as his running mate when the Democrats get together in Atlanta A consensus emerged Dukakis they thought should pick either Sens Sam Nunn of Georgia or Bill Bradley of New Jersey but he will probably wind up choosing either Sens Bob Graham of Florida or John Glenn of Ohio Nobody even mentioned Jesse Jackson the charismatic populist whom Dukakis says is under "very serious consid- C Maynard ° Universal Press Syndicate The president of Hunter College in New York City on her way to breakfast with three other university presidents was stopped in the lobby of the exclusive University Club Jacqueline Wexler was told she could not wait for the rest of her party in the main lobby but would have to repair to a corridor off the segregated "women's lobby" Because the University Club accepted no women as members its protocol like that of scores of similar clubs across the nation had strict rules controlling the movement of women within its hallowed sanctuary Anecdotes of similar senseless humiliation (former president Wexler preferred to go out and wait in the rain) are legion Anyone familiar with ethnic discrimination in this country will recognize the patterns of those stories of professional women and private clubs Over the last half century restaurants hotels and watering holes all over the country chose to exercise arbitrary and capricious discrimination until the courts and legislatures mandated open public accommodations Sitting one afternoon at a pleasant lunch in a Southern city my host reminded me that it was a restaurant that once practiced strict racial discrimination to "protect" its clientele as the owner put it at the time Today the same owner finds he simply has a larger clientele and a more profitable restaurant Something similar I suspect will occur with private clubs over the next decade or so At first in the early dawn of the Supreme Court ruling that many must permit women and members of minority groups the chill will be visible So were the first few years of the desegregation of other public accommodations The Supreme Court ruled unanimously the other day that previously private clubs with more than 400 members and whose members' dues are often paid by their employers are subject to state and local laws In the wake of the court's ruling some e clubs were quoted as members of saying the equivalent of "the world has come to an end" Not really But an era surely has Another barrier to equality and community has rightfully fallen It follows in the wake of myriads of other like practices the law has ended in the last four decades From streetcars to the public swimming pool and now to the "private" club the courts have made it clear that arbitrary discrimination will find no safe haven in our law That is the meaning of the Supreme Court ruling in the club case The fact that the ruling was unanimous on a court with a strong conservative majority sent the signal that there was virtually no chance the court would permit discrimination under the color of constitutionally protected freedom of association The First Amendment just as it is no license to falsely shout "Fire!" in a crowded theater is also no license to discriminate The effect over time undoubtedly will he to open the memberships of clubs where significant business is conducted It will not affect religious associations and other genuine ly private activities A club of more than 400 members is hardly a private association From the time of the collapse of Reconstruction to the end of World War II the state of the law with respect to discrimination against women and ethnic minorities followed a strange meandering and often contradictory course The national mood began to change significantly with the end of the war As it had affected so much else postwar "can-do- " spirit affected the war against discrimination Over the years a series of court rulings and some legislation has had the effect of establishing a new legal consensus Because the clubs case fits neatly within the framework of that consensus the chances are that cases with similar facts of discrimination will be decided by lopsided margins on the most conservative Supreme Court in recent memory Ironically it is precisely because of the composition of the court that the types of civil rights laws the court upheld in the clubs case are likely to be reinforced in the future The court in essence asserted that the treatment accorded Jacqueline Wexler because of her sex will become what it properly should be not a painful reality just a historical curiosity eration" In addition to finding a running mate one suspects that Dukakis must be trying these days to craft a political strategy He needs a formula that would on the one hand keep Jackson and his adherents in line at the convention and in the ensuing campaign while on the other not make it appear that he's paid an undue price for Jackson's support That could be a tricky piece of business Indeed such Democrats as Walter Mondale the party's 1984 nominee believe it really can't be done Should Jackson pursue a course — functioning in whatever fashion he deems to be in his direct political interest — then it matters less what strategy Dukakis adopts Actually vice presidential analysis can't go too far until Dukakis narrows his options As in 1976 when Jimmy Carter selected Mondale one senses that this won't be a committee decision Now that the search for a suitable running mate has begun in earnest let me advance yet another name that as it happens has also piqued the interest of several Dukakis stalwarts: Sen Daniel Inouye of Hawaii free-floatin- g 1 To be sure Hawaii provides only four of the 270 electorate votes needed to win the White House What's more Inouye's state lies so many time zones to the west of the mainland that the election will in all likelihood be decided before most Hawaiians go to the polls Pundits often cite the need to "balance the ticket" The question however is What to balance: ideology (a bad bet when it comes to governing the country) or experience (a much better one) Dukakis I would think understands the need to finesse the Jackson gambit and to run with someone from Capitol Hill Inouye offers him several advantages At 63 he's neither a boring campaigner like Glenn nor a relative Washington neophyte like Graham He is a Senate elder who as vice president would be well placed to help move Dukakis' program through Congress As chairman of the special Senate a affair panel that probed the Inouye earned a reputation for rectitude That could assist Dukakis if the "sleaze factor" emerges as a vital campaign theme Like Sen Bob Dole of Kansas who could run with Vice President George Bush Inouye fought bravely and suffered grave wounds in World War After Oliver North seemed to have wrested control of the Senate proceedings it was Inouye who gave the committee's star witness an eloquent lesson in genuine patriotism and the need for governments to follow the rule of law Those dramatic video clips would be aired if Dukakis picks Inouye Yet Inouye's chief strength may be that he is a member of a minority group (When his father was 4 his parental grandparents emigrated from Japan to work in Hawaii's sugar fields) Jackson could find it hard to fault a Dukakis-Inouyticket and that perhaps might prove to be its greatest virtue Iran-Contr- e Dukakis' Silence on Tough Choices Could Put Bush in White House New York Times Service WASHINGTON — Michael Dukakis has a favorite phrase: "tough choices" In a peekaboo appearance before a foreign policy group last week the Democratic candidate gruffed out "tough choices" nine times That was presumably on the theory that repetition makes reputation The first tough choice Dukakis has made in the field of foreign policy has been to avoid extensive questioning on the subject Not for him a lengthy appearance on the Ted Koppel show as George Bush has dared: not for Dukakis an interview with journalists in a field where his weakness is becoming apparent His decision to duck serious questioning was one tough choice risking potential criticism from those whose attitude toward presidential aspirants is "never love a stranger" But it worked Reporters who rightly denounce Ronald Reagan for holding so few press conferences give a free pass to Dukakis News organizations that bridle at restrictions demanded by Russians accept with extraordinary meekness the refusal of the would-b- e American leader to discuss his foreign policy ideas in detail As a result we have an unexamined candidate about to accept a major party nomination A coterie of Cambridge consultants churn out vague speeches and brief answers but voters cannot tell if the speaker's grasp is more than speech deep For example our tough chooser tossed off a line last week promising to "end an absolutely bizarre policy in Angola" Does he propose to break off negotiations to bring about the withdrawal of Cuban troops propping up that Soviet client? Will heaping opprobrium and more sanctions on South Africa persuade that nation to withdraw simultaneously from Namibia — or might such Jackson-pleasin- g rhetoric undermine the r talks? Dukakis will read this and ask the Charles River Gang African division what to say if asked such questions The response will be: Not to worry the strategy is to make sure you are not closely questioned and the media are cooperating If cornered pledge grimly to make the tough choices Consider another policy beyond the reach of examination this one affecting the nation's survival The Dukakis position on matching Soviet mobile missiles is to snicker at the thought of our spending money on "missiles running around on railroad cars" Instead he says we should be concentrating on weapons like tanks and artillery pieces four-powe- non-nucle- er":- r IWi11iam Safire "4! That would make the world safe for con ventional war It all depends on the Russians' willingness to limit their threat to tank engagements and infantry battles in Europe But the present danger to the United States — to all of us here at home — is not from tanks but from missiles The Soviet threat is not to hit our beaches with their troops but to hit our cities and our nuclear deterrent with their missiles Hamets wouldn't help How do we reduce that modern threat? Reagan's proposal which Dukakis says he fa- vors is for both sides to cut offensive missiles by half To make that happen our missiles must first become as "survivable" — as hard to find and hit — as theirs already are That's why we must spread out and mod- ernize our deterrent missiles If we are to reduce the number without reducing overall: protection we will have to sprinkle the reduced number around — at sea in more submarines and on land moving around or at least not bunched up and vulnerable Only by investing in such spreading out by' making our retaliation harder to hit and thuamore certain can the next president hope to' achieve a ratifiable Start treaty Otherwise- it's Jimmy Carter and the aborted SALT II all over again But Dukakis opposes the necessary first stage (MX Minuteman Midgetman whatevl er) toward safe 50 percent reduction though his reason is difficult to ascertain while he remains in his hardened campaign silo impervious to informed interrogation his' decision seems not to have been based on strategic grounds but rather on the high cost or modern missiles Such price-tapolicy making puts the tion's safety as well as the opportunity for a Start treaty second to whatever the Dukakis' priority may be — either spending on schools' when he's talking liberal or reducing the deff--i cit when he's talking conservative That's some "tough choice" — by choosing not to spend for national security that will lead to arms reducjon he makes the votersz choice for president easier long-rang- e g 11 sY t $ - - PR IP |