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Show niry, 11, 1S31 Cz-izzu- itr MACNA TZllZZ. Il'.CIJA. UTAn have It scattered eraor the allied forces, where It will n4 be an American army at alL" Ha waa apparently surprised at my resentment of tls attempt te confine American effort to subordinate roles, and said. 1 must insist upon tbe arrangement," to which J replied, aa w both rose: Ton may Insist all yon please, but I decline absolutely to agree to your plan. While oar army will fight wherever yon may decide, It will not fight except as aa Independent Americas army. He said be was disposed to do what ho could toward forming aa American army. Ha then picked up hla map and papers and left. My chief of staff. General and chief of operations, Fox Conner, were aent to confer with Weygand September 1 and rewith turned to word that Marshal Foch desired to see General Petsln and me the following day. Motoring to Potato's headquarters with Boyd and De wo found MeAndraw Msrencbe and Conner had preceded us and after lunch w went to Bom bon. Opening th .onferenc Foch referred to the not he had handed me Auguat 80 and to nay reply and asked my observations. Elating my attitude oa tbe desirability of ear rylng out vigorous offensives to the fullest possible extent. 1 explained that If it should be deemed necessary to abandon th St Mlhlel project In order to begin the larger offensive, which war understood to bo west of th Mens t would abide by bis decision. In the ensuing discussion, while ther wu considerable sparring. It wa agreed th American army should operata aa a unit under Its e own commander on th front. Marshal Foch concluded that the date (or th operation should be postponed so w could first carry out tha limited attack at St MlbleL W finally reached th definite understanding that after St. Mlhlel our First army should prepara to begin this second offensive not later than September 23. j (EmnsoD IpQEbMmrfd Go Go Stfocy fl jJEne A.Ccr.crc:! l'Vbi Aliiaw.MtHaSy right Hnn, la Brr t fitlMitM tuU hl4i VNUI wlattwlillliit P MB EjJ. H ! CHAPTER LV The final decision that tbe first mericaa army would undertake is red act ton of the St Mlhlel nil-i- t Its first operation was translated to army headquarters Au-i10 and ths army staff Imme-atelbe pan the development of ians for the concentration of the ocessary troops for Its execution. It was certain the psychological Tect on the enemy of our success a this first operation by tbe Arner-a-n army aa well as on the allies, ur own troop and our peels st borne would be of great tnv ortance. The attack must, thereon, not only succeed, but a unions hostile reaction must be made epotalbl ; The headquarters of the first rmy were removed to Neofchateau Pcrslzlnj rally attracted tbo atteutloa of the Alan rivers. Oa Its relief from people and of the officers and sot the Veal August T th Thirty-secon- d dims. Although cautioned against such discussion, V a probability of an American stuck on tbe salient wae discussed bore and them. To divert the enemys attention from onr real objective ft was necessary first to crest soma uncertainty In the minds of our own troops Tbe rumor was therefore started around beaduartera that onr first offensive might to la the direction of Molbouse. In ths Rhine valley, beyond the Vosges mountains, northeast of Belfort. . It was also decided to make a diversion In that direction, and as a preliminary step aa officer was sent to teas buildings In Belfort. At tbe same time confidential Instructions were sent Major General st y . American division (Haan) was assigned to the Tenth army and entered the line August 29, Immediately undertaking a series of local operations In which gains were made la the fac of very heavy firs. Ravine sad numerous csves to the region provided Ideal cover tor tho defending troops The general attack ef the army the following day met but alight success the enemy resisting desperately along hla entire front, but oo tho thirtieth, by a flank attack from th sooth, th Thirty-secon- d division captured Juvigny, pushing s small salient into (he German Unea. Hard fighting continued August 81, but by the end ef tho day th Thlrty-eecon- d bad reached the Important Bolseona-S- t Quentin road, where It wan relieved September !. Tbe Thlrty-eecondivision bad advanced nearly three mile and Its success contributed greatly to the forced withdrawal of th German Una to tho Akn river, f Pershing Take Over Sector. A prearranged between General Petsln and myself, the sector from (east of tbo Moselle river) to Watronvtlle (north of Lea miles ta exEsparges), forty-tw- e tent, then occupied by tbo entlr French Eighth army and a pari of th French Second army, was transferred te my command on August d Port-sur-Sell- 80. Fighting Their Way Into s Farmstead. commanding 'the - Sixth to Belfort with a limited staff and prepare detailed plans for an offensive with tbs object of seizing Aiulbouse and the heights to the southeast and eventually establishing our line along the between August 11 and 10, Hie special " trmy troops- - assembled north - of Chateau Thierry were moved eastward during tbs same period. Neofchateau was a central point for operations oo soy portion of the front from St. Mlhlel to the Swiss frontier. As considerable American activity had been carried in there for many months Its would probably keep the nemy In Ignorance of tbo exact jrtor we were to occupy. ? Composition of First Army. The following corps and dlvl-lo- n were placed at the disposal f the First army for tbs St Ml-Joperation and tbetr condition nay be summarised as follows: t Tbe first and Second divisions Vera excellent ns to training, equipment and morale. They bad stacked July 18 In ths Solssons drive. The Third. Fourth, Twenty-sixt- h d nd divisions were of In morale and considerable expedience, ts they had fought la the Is fens about Chateau Thierry and n the advance toward tba Vesle Bundy. Rhine: In the - l having been designated for ths attack, and three officers from each of these units were detailed to report to General Bundy to assist In the reconnaissance. He was directed to expedite the work of preparation, as tbe movement would probably begin September A under my personal command. Rust Haa Desired Effect. Tba presence of major general and an active staff In Belfort must havo caused apprehension among tbe Germans. Two days later reports began to come In that a hospital and considerable oumbera of the population were moving to the other side of tbe Rhine. Meanwhile at Belfort plana were being prepared la all seriousness, when on day Col. A. L. Conger, who waa in tbe secret and acting a my repre reeentativa with seeming carelessness left In his room at the hotel, aa directed, a copy of Instructions to the commander ef the Sixth corpa only to- find upon hi return that It had disappeared at ths bands ef some spy, This apparently served to confirm tho worst of German fears, for within s few days one German reserve division ws reported moving up to th front wh!! another division ws tent to Muihouse and two mors to tho Vosgeo farther north. Tho French staff gave valuable aaalstanc by circulating fata rumor about onr plana 8o the rasa had been successful and th result quieted onr anxiety over the situation In the salient i Forty-secon- fiver. t Th and Ninetieth Eighty-nint- h jl visions wore going through their lector training on the front between Toni and the Hostile river dirt-don- a tod the fifth and Thirty-fift- h were taking their factor gaining In the Vosges. (The Thirty-thir- d, ' 1 ' letter of Instructions seven divisions were mentioned as el ! - Corps, to proceed seventy-eight- Eightieth and . Eighty-secon- d dictions had been training behind the British front, ens brigade of the having bad frontline with tbe British, and the flnety-flrs- t division had never been a the front lina and bad received ess than four weeks training la Thirty-thir- d Service franco. I As to corps headquarters, .ths prat corps was wall organised and d operated to the e Tensive and offensive. Fourth d Fifth corps headquarters were ly partially organised and bad -cry few corpa troops, CHART! Aa attack by the .reparation of' Great Magnitude. (The almost total Inactivity on the army, begun August A Mlhlel front since 1918 and the ndertaken to force reparation for aa operation of of tbo enemy from ich magnitude made many Initial istallatlons necessary. The tele-hon-e and telegraph lines to Insure Tectlvt communication th rough-9- 1 the area required mllee of wire, ne artillery ammunttloo dump Uculated on the basis of st lesst fe days of battle, required about Kti.000 rounda Engineering mafia! required to build roads across Mans land behind the adranc-t-army- nta intir'tbeaianfls of Alsno-Marn- tie . iThe construction of railway pn, advance depots and hospital for sick and jcommodatlona funded had to be provided, and nation fields prepared. . Many per things were required, such as a construction of light railways distribution beyond the rail-d- a personnel and equipment lning to searchlight tbe of water InaUlla u for sound sndsupply, fiaab ranging artillery, arrangements fur and the camouflage of itlons, roads and material. Each wu th subject of considers by qualified special ista, and all to be by the newly fmed traf-contr- ol staff.-- - pa actual movement for tbe of the more than one-i- r million troops, whether by 7 tfuck, or on foot, generally p!ace at night. - The troops uacked during the day la for-o- r ic other sheltered places hid-Othe observation of enemy rraumln, the movement at eon-Hratl- B he considerable P ta the clroulatlon of area aatn- - St lllhlel Tbe front Included th St Mlhlel salient, which waa between these points, and embraced the permanent fortresses around Toil We had three divisiona l Uue oa tha south face of tbo sector, but tbe mass ef our battle troops would not taka over the trenches until the night before th attack.' August 80, th day 1 assumed command of the sector. Marshal Foch. accompanied by General f of staff, came Weygand. to my residence at and after th usual cordial exchange of greeting presented aa entirely new plan for tha use of tho American army. Tha marshal began by saying that the German armies were in mors or less disorder from recent attacks by th allies and that wa must not allow them to reorganise, and that tbe British would continue tbotr attack In tha direction of Cambral end St Quentin end the French toward Meant. Then, much to my surprise, he proposed that the objective In th St Mlhlel operation be restricted end the attack mada on tha southern face only, and that upon its completion t e other operations be undertaken by combined Americans and French, a number of our divisions going under French- - command. . Pershing Insist on U. S. Army. I repeated what 1 had often said, that the Americas government and poopla expected the army to act aa a unit and not b dispersed In this way. 1 pointed out that each tlm wo were about to complete tho organization of our army, soma proposition Ilka this was presented to prevent it. Do you wish to go to battler Marshal Foch brok In. Most assuredly," 1 replied, bat as an American army and la no other way." He argued that tbera would not be time, whereupon 1 said: "If you will assign ms a sector I will take bis-chie- Llgny-en-Bar-ro- it at once. Where would It be?" ha asked Wherever you sty." Tho discussion waa somewhat boated and much oi It waa carried on so rapidly that It could not be translated. He continued to reiterate hla demands for the adoption of hla plan, but 1 Lad learned that It waa necessary to bo very firm In dealing with him, and I finally said. In effect: French Tenth Marshal Foch, yon havo' a au29, 191& was thority as allied commander la chief th retirement to call upon ma to yield up my the Tesle and command of tho American army to tVT:7' Ugny-cn-Barro- Aboul Chile. FORGOTTEN I1ER0ZS r Elmo Scott 7tsoa Guardian of tho Frontier" TXT' HEN George Rogers Clark v captured Kaskaskla la 1778, ka became acquainted with a prosperous fur trader named Daniel Maurice Godfrey Do Llnctot ta tha village of Cabokia nearby. De Line-lo-t was among tha first of th French citizen to swear allegiance to the United States. There was no special reason why ba should har dona more than that, tor ha had much to los and Uttia to gain by joining bla fortunes to tha little band of Invaders before he knew whether or not they would b able to hold tho Illinois country against the Brit- ' t ish. But Do Llnctot's enthusiasm was fired by tha daring of Clark and bla men and bt offered hi services te tthlnf Buck by th SitlMtl Itownl Ovetatr, b'ulUMIM. At ValptralM. discovered la what la now northern j OMptykb h 0-recent forced retirement of Chll more than 100 years ago havo t meant mnrb to th couatry aconotn-- 1 president of Chile throws Ically during th last half century. ; ampuasls on some of tha unusual features of tho Chilean con- Bnt th perfection of processes In; Bumps to extract nitrogen elecstitution and government, from the air, and tba growth Tha old Chilean constitution ex- trically of ammonia product from coal disisted from 1833 until 1923 and was tillation baa greatly reduced th ths oldest constitution of A republic preferred position that Chile long la ths western hemisphere txcept held. ' that of tbo United 8tatea. It wa first opened up In 1830 when th an tntlmat mixture of th governwaa snder Peruvian and Boregion mental principles of th United Elates an-- those of Europe. Wbtl livian ownership, the mining opera- , It was not designed with sack aa tions did sot reach a great magniIdea ta view, developments teemed tude until Chile annexed th territo bo steering Chll toward a real tory la ISSa After that th world's demand for nitrate grew so great' parliamentary system. .Then cam th new constitution of 1923, which that by 1918 Chile exported between and three millloa tons' Ths modified their trend. World war Increased tbe demand, Under th Chilean constitution of 1833 tho American ayatem of three for nitrat Is th chief raw material for explosives aa well aa tor separate function executive, and judicial was adopted j wheat and cotton growing; and th guns but nnllk th United Eta tea, Chile Chiles desert deposits kept ' of th allies boomlns Incorporated a system of , federal It on would get a quick concepcentralisation which waa probably more extrema than In any ether re- tion of th importance, th lovely public, This president appoints tha nrroondlngs and tha cllmat of 18 Intendanta, "who correspond Santiago, Chile capital, he should roughly to ear governors. With th act Ean Francisco or Los Angelas Intendsntt nominating them, he also dowa In th most beautiful Inland appoints the 63 governors who rule position of th Talley of California, over regions such as might be glv th Sierra Nevada 4.000 feet formed by groups of counties In tbe more height and pn on them more United States, and tha alcades of generous raps of anow. Santiago.' with Its nearly municipalities with more than 10, (NX) of a million population, ta population. The governors appoint to administer tbe fairly comparable In size to Pittssnbdelegates smaller municipalities ronghly cor- burgh and Boston. Among tho Spanresponding to townships, and the ish cities of th world only Madrid nd Barcelona In tha Old world, and subdelegates In turn appoint Inspector for small precinct; ' Tha Buenos Aire and Mexico City ba whole elaborate civil hierarchy cen- tba New, exceed It ters la tha president and ts ruled But It is not on size that admin-erform the national capital of Santiago base their eulogies Direct Election Adopted. Th city, tike onr own capital, has . The constitution of 1833 provid- a subtle charm all Us own. Much of ed for th Indirect election of pres- this Is duo to Its location. Many ident for fiv years through a sort travelers agree that It has tba most of electoral college; th Indirect beautiful and Inspiring setting of all election of senators la the province th great Inland cities of tha world. It la situated near th upper end for sixteen-yea- r term; and th di- of a mountain-rimmevalley. 40 lowelection of members of the rect miles long by 20 miles wide Ten er bouse from tho districts This miles to tba oast the Andes riaoto has all. been.. changed, -T- bo-pres! dent la now directly elected for sis heights greater than 18.000 feet presenting a towering wall always years, bat Is Ineligible for On the west la a lowTh 43 senators are elected coast er rang; and to th south by direct vote In their groups of stretches a level expan of fertile . terms of for eight years province, with half the seats newly filled farming land divided Into large reevery four years Th deputies of lates. Park of Santa Luols tho lower hous are also elected by direct popular rotes In their departSantiago Is bollt on tba plats, bnt ments or groups of departments As within It rises a 400-fohill covIn tbo United States a cabinet Is ering several hundred acres, which appointed by tba president and Is baa been mad Into on of th world's unlqno parka One nearly responsible to him. .Tha old constitution established bare, tha hill of Santa Lncla baa th Roman Catholic chorch and pro- beea transformed Into an enchanthibited other form of pnbllc wor- ing modern banging garden of ship. Th new constitution sepa- groves and flower bed winding rated chorch and state and did away roads and trail cascade terrace with property qualification - for sylvan theaters and observation voters. All citizens over twenty-o- n kiosk From Its slopes ona may years of ag who can read and obtain numerous charming vtzta write and who register, may vota and from Its top Santiago Ure An nnutusl feature of the Chilean spread out In all Its lovely details government la Its tribunal callflca-do-r It law city predominately of low, d which must pass on th validity building for th band of all elections of president, sena- of Spain lire heavy upon It la all tors and deputies It consists of matters of bablt and custom. But flva members chosen by lot, one for all that the old Spanish Ufo has chosen from past presidents and taken on a briskness that must be vice presidents of tho senate; one bred of tho West. Ther Is a more from past presidents and vice presi- ment and bust! that modifies aiuch dents of the lower chamber; two of th Influence of Old 8paln. and from ministers of the . Supreme which at tbo same time stamps Sancourt, and on from the ministers tiago- unmistakably a metropolis of tha Court of Appeals of th city The axis of Ufo In Santiago la tha where congress meets beautiful Alameda da las Dellclaa arena of th deChile may b superficially com- "tha tree-line- d which rieovea th city In pared to California with directions light reversed. It stretches In a narrow two. Its great breadth of 830 fed strip with th Pacific on ona side la divided by four rows of stately center ta Down th and a mountain range on the other, tree and embraces dry desert, a produc- Paaeo, a broad promenade, lined tive temperate region, and an era of with many flower beds and statne-stnddelittle park along which In moisture and cold. Whereas Caliherd their fornia la only 800 miles long, how- numerable nursemaid ever, Chile la 2,700 miles In length. romping charg- e- Oa either aide of1 To correspond with Chile In extent the Paaeo ar tha tracks of th elecof latitude covered, California would tric street railway, and farther ont The Ala have to annex ea the aontb a strip side are broad highway twice as long as Mexicos Lower meda la lined with many of the California, and would have to ex- finest residences and pnbllc build tend northward to th lower tip of tags of tha capItaL Tba lover of fresh air comes Into Alaska's "Penhandle. Great Ethnical. Differences hla own In Santiago's delightful ell Chll differs aa much ethnically mat Great crowds promenade on from tbo real South America aa It th Pasoo and In the plazas each does politically. II ha had a great- evening. Most of th dwellings are er proportion of norther European of th Spanish typ with open courts migration than Its sister states In th center. In which most of the largely German and British. The familys time Is spent. Th street with tb predominant strain is a mixture of ears are double-decke- r Small, bat laipertaat Spanish and Anucantaa Indies a upper seats open. Those who wtsl Palestine la a small territory, only mingling which extends through all to ellmb th steps and enjoy the si 140 allies wide la the north and 80 Social levels Few Immigrant from nd th view pay a smaller fee than la th south. But 9,000 square southern Europe have com In. th passengers who rid oa the tiles are oomprlsed In Its area. The va.st beds of sodium nltrato lower level tba Virginian In lnflnenctng tha various triboa In favor of th Americans. Th Indiana had knows him aa a fur trader who did not cheat them In bartering for their fun and they had tho highest admiration and respect for him. Because of the valu of hla services Clark appointed him "Indian gent of th IHlnoIa, aa appointment which was confirmed by tbii state of Virginia, which also appointed him a major. After Clarka capture of Vincennes, be mad Do Llnctot commander of th tltti Fort La Peek at what la now Peoria, HL, and also commissioned him to enlist as many Frenchmen and Indians as fas could for an attack oa th British at Detroit and Fort EL Joseph. . CHAPTER LVI1 In this work Do Llnctot was entireThe first army attacked yesterday and th reduction of the St ly successful, and hundreds of InMlhlel salient Is complete:" reads diana joined hla standard. In fact, my diary of September ' 13, written such was his Influence that ws In' at dian tribe, although It did not join Our troops beharod splendidly. The secretary of war visited two him, turned back a British expewas sent to capture La eorp headquarter ; - returned to dition which Pea, Ligny much delighted at onr no-ceTh British soon heard of D Petals and 1 went to th town Lloctots work and made strenuous of EL Mlhlel today and wera warm- efforts to capture or kin him. ' But ly greeted by the people: This I they never succeeded, and for two my birthday and a very happy one years he kept them In a perpetual The attack of th infantry on th aoutbera fac of th 8t Mlhlel state of alarm and had a great deal salient itarted at 5 oclock ta tbe to do with foiling their plans for morning and before that I went recapturing tha Illinois country. It with aeveral staff officers to old was this service of his which woa Fort Glronvllls, situated on a comfor him tbo title of Guardian of manding height- overlooking the entities battlefield from the south. The sec- th Frontier" and which ' to our him gratitude. on attack was west th ondary launched at 8 a. m. as an element of De Llnctots health brok under surprise and In order to giro more hla exertions and he died In 1781, time for artillery preparation there. almost penniless, for be bad con' Weather Give Advantage. ' tributed heavily from his own A drlssllng rain and mist prelo aid Clark. vented us from getting a clear view, but the progress of our troops A President's Heroin could bo followed by tbe barrage Ancestor which preceded them. Not withstanding a heavy rainfall the night WILLIAM HOWARD TAFT was ef September the weather man physically, gave us aa advantage, as the mist who ever sat In tha Presidents partly screened our advance from chair In ths Whit Houia But h the enemy. Thera waa chili braes cam by hi bulk honestly, for his blowing and Its direction was such that no sound of firing could be Revolutionary ancestor, Abner Taft heard from th artillery In our Im- Is described as fa man of gigantic mediate front, although th more size and courage distant artillery bombardment on While on a furlough from the th western fac wa heard disarmy ta the fait of 1778, Abtinctly, Taft returned to hla usual ocner Tha sky ever the battlefield, both before and after dawn, aflame with cupation of a Gloucester fisherman. On day bo and his two companexploding shells, star signals, burn' ing mpply dumps and Tillages, pre- ions were captured by Captain commander of tbe British once a sented scent at Scott, picturesque and terrible. schooner, th Tartar. The best deTbe exultation In our minds that scription of Scott's character Is to here, at last, after 17 months of ef- tell tbe nickname of his vessel. It fort, aa American army waa fightwas called "Hell Afloat" Despite ing under Its own flag was temthe protests of Taft and his conv of sacrealization the tho pered by that they were peaceful fishpantons rifice of life on both sides and yet ' fate had trilled It thus and w moat ermen, the British captain decarry through. Confidence In onr clared that they were deserters from th British colors, had them flogged troops dispelled every doubt of and threatvictory. with th As we returned from Glronvlllo ened to them. hang groups of prisoners were already d But tho Tartar waa being marched jo onr stockades In and Captain Scott decided that tho About rear. oclock 9 th reports execution could wait until Inter. began to com In to army at Ligny from all portions He had need for them. The Ameriof the 29 mile front that every- cans were set to work, closely thing was going well, with losses watched, but Abner Taft soon dislight. covered that a number of the ship's cro a eoMTnvuzD.i crew. Ilk blmselL had been shanghaied. Taking Into hla confidence 19 whom be believed h could treat, he began making plans to seize the ship and repay tha brutal British capitals for hla cruelties. Luck favored him on night when th IS on same th conspirators - were-hi officer were and watch and Scot having a carouse. One of tba plotters lighted a bundle of oakum, tosaed It Into the hold and raised a cry of Fire!" Although a brutal officer, Scott was no coward, and ho ordered his men to cut their way out The first two attempts were unsuccessful, but In th third Scott and hla officers succeeded In reaching the deck where they Immediately charged th mutineers with sword and plstoL With the Joy of battle shining In bis eyes, Abner T&ft, cutlass in hand, met his enemy, sod with ons terrible stroke split hla bead to th very jaw. Th stripes on his back were avenged I But h waa not don yet. H Boon convinced tbo rest of the crew that h was tbo master and a few days later ho triumphantly sailed bla prize of war Into Boston harbor. (A 1ML Votan Kmptw Cnloft.) 1 TUB . f , 1 Meuao-Ar-gonn- Llgny-en-Barr- J leg!-Utl- v -- 11-1- . three-quarte- a d Com-tlnenta- l , snow-cappe- d. short-hande- bead-quarte- flat-roefe- ' -- th' d ; i |
