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Show The Salt Lake Tribune SPECIAL REPORT: CIVIL RIGHTS Thursday November 2 F3 1995 Blacks Still Seeking Their Dream: Liberty and Justice for All ey Deborah Mathis ETT NEWS CE The ci ivi rights legislation of the 1960s wasintendedto serve as a blueprint for social c! hange, but it has become a yardstick that measures how much society has segregationof public schools; and outlaweddiscriminatory employment practices basedonethnicity religion or sex The results three decades hence, are mixed come upshort in establishing racial equality The Rodney Kingsaga, the 0.3 The Voting Booth: Although literacytests nolonger are used to Simpsonverdict, last month's Million Man March and other racetinged events of the past few years have exposed an ethnic divide that not onlyflies in the face of the civil-rights objectives, but, in some judgments, also grows wider bytheday “There is a growing inclination apportionment plans — designed to drawdistricts to guarantee racial minorities a majority vote — continue to be a thorn in the body among biacks and among Ameri¢ans generally, to turn inward, to circle the wagons, to abandon the politics of inclusiveness andto revert to the politics of separateness,"’ says Eddie Williams, president of the Joint Center for Political and Economic Studies, a Washington think tank that coneentrates on black-interest issues. “If we go downthis road again, I am certain we will meet disaster along the w The most sweeping civil-rights act, passed in 1964, endedliteracy tests and other impediments to voting rights; prohibited businesses from discriminating on the basis of race,color, religion or national origin; demanded the de- One side argues for pure democracy in which no one deliber- ately is given an advantage. The other claims sectioning off black districts is the only way to ensure that black votes will have potency Opponents of race-conscious districting got a boost in 1993 when the SupremeCourt allowed white voters to challenge the shapeof a black district in North Carolina. The Marketplace: Nowadays, eventhe allegationof discrimination can bring a torrent of bad publicity to a business, but there still are incidents. In 1993 and 1994, the Denny's restaurant chain paid millions to settle lawsuits alleging discrimi- minorities and women. This is plain old balderdash!”’ ingr Kozol believes the only recourse hyper-segregation EDDIE WILLIAMS Headof the Joint Center for Political and E onomic Studies white schools. 1964 law, the Justice Department intervenedin the case and asimi lar one in California. The cost to Denny's: $46 million anda public- cent. During the same time, mi- The Schools: Desegregation still is the official policy of the na- tion’s public schools, but many are plagued byde facto segregation. In a February 1967 report — Racial Isolation in the Public Schools Between 1976 and 1992, white enrollment in public schools nationwide dropped nearly 15 per- nority enrollment increased by35 percent Recently, civil-rights activists sued the Hartford, Conn., schools because of “hyper-segregation relations nightmare the U.S. Civil Rights Commission found that 75 percent of black elementarystudents — the overwhelming predominance of one race. Minority en- rollment there is 92 percent. A similar lawsuit is being contemplated in New Haven, where mi- nority children make up 83 percent of the enrollees ‘I don’t even see a senseof ern barrassment in the North about the reality of separate and un- were in predominantly black equal schools,” says Jonathan Ko- schools and 83 percent of white students attended predominantly and author of several books on z0l, a critie of modern education ers. In a celebrated case, six uniformed Secret Service officers Warm and Washable! Alps Throw Polyester Fleece in Assorted Colors 48"x60" | Here he North 1 action is for fighting of the country, we're back to Plessy vs. Ferguson,” he says. The SupremeCourt's 1954 Browndecision ended the separate-but equal doctrine established by the Plessycase in 1896. The Workplace: Equal-em ployment laws eventuallyled to the adoption of an aggressive system of recruitment, training placement called “affirmativeac tion.” It brought nonwhites and women into workplace domains According to the Census Bureau, 1.5 million ofthe 30 million black Americans worked as managers. business executives and professionals in 1990, 10 million can be considered middle class, andnearly half the nation’s blacks own their homes. Despite the gains, black unemployment is 242 times that of whites, the annual income in previously reserved for whites and men. In a 1963 speech, President John F. Kennedy lamentedthat a black child had “one-third as much chance of becominga pro fessional man; twice as much chance of becoming unem ployed.” @ See EQUALITY, Page F-4 boby loch aa read -A -Thon) Instant Threading! Instant Savings! Thread our Baby Lock Eclipse serger with “Instant Jet-Air Threading” and we'll give you a free gift just for trying! 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