Show LANGUAGE AND ENGLISH literature I 1 A lecture recently delivered in the bogan temple by elder VI 11 apperley my dear brethren and sisters after several years of experience in the schoolroom school room I 1 have come to the conc conclusion lasion that the lecture system combined with objects is the matui natural al way of ini imparting parting instruction if students are held responsible for what anat is imparted at least one third of the time be occupied by the pupils in reproducing what has been given gevea the or w who tio does all the talking will tind nad out that lie he has been left lef L to do most of the thinking is the highest act ot the intellect 11 if you will follow me in your our thoughts you joa will be able at tn the close of the lesson to answer the following questions I 1 what is the exponent of thought and purpose 2 name two objects to be gained in the study of language 3 from what is the permanent value of language derived 4 W ho was the sovereign of england dur during ing the fourth period of her national literature 5 name the three periods in the development of the human mind 6 what did pope say of lord bacon 7 name two allegories allego in the english en 9 language 0 8 what can you say of the vocabulary of shakespeare I 1 know of no gift if t from god to man for which he should be more thankful than for the gift of ef speech it is this that awakens and stirs his spiritual nature without we gift of speech could not even commune with himself M many any of our best beat writers as awe jwill 11 as our deepest thinkers have de pivoted the oest best years of their life to a study of this I 1 important subject and by their researches they have thrown a 0 flood of light upon tile the early history of our race we are now enabled to trace race to a certain extent the history of the early inhabitants of the world by means of their language says language has recognized its calling cailin to be the mediator between the remotest lem otest ages to afford to us the enjoyment of preserving THROUGH THOUSANDS OF OB YEARS in n unbroken identity with the noblest s and the greatest nations of the anci ancient ent world by familiarizing us through 9 h the medium of grammar and history tory with the works of their the course of their destiny iu if there were no gulf that divided jis from them 11 in this way language ibias bas raised more lasting mona monuments ments flor the primeval history of roan man than achas been raised of stone and brass the study of language is of as much importance as the study of thought 1 lor rby by it the student is made idore more thoroughly horo acquainted with the laws of tee human mind and he is also bet bitet tet enabled to judge of ins his own character and to read the character of others since langu language alze is the expo ekpo neat oi of thought and purpose it must be oe an unerring index to character out of the abundance of the heart the mouth 11 by thy words shall thou be pi justified stifled and bv thy words thou be condemned 11 in connection with this point we CM say that it is of very great import arica to parents and teachers if they would have dhave their children use good e language and express themselves la in a pure pare and natural tone of 0 voice they ibey must educate the heart as well as a the intellect if the moral and the epli i ous train training of man be neglected his words and expression will betray the fact children should not net be placed under the guardianship of peevish or complaining pla ining persons but judging from the scolding done by some mothers they are not at all as even tempered as they should be A again there are some fathers who try to deceive society by using kind and respectful language while in company but at home with wife and children the tones of their voices resemble the growl of the bear or the whine of the fox Is it right that such men should be fathers well human nature is weak no BO perfect man lives and good men are ver very scarce we will return to our subject those who have not calef carefully ally studied the english language may ask why it should be studied and what is to be gained thereby i not entering into detail for want of time we can say that it furnishes an excellent MENTAL discipline and imparts a vast amount of information W C fowler says the language of a nation is the accumulation of the experience the wisdom a ad the genius of a nation the heart of a people is its mother tongue and it is only by learning that mother tongue that you know that heart it itis is only listena listening n to the thoughts that breathe and t the bg words that burn from the lips of her poets and her orators hr historians and her dramatists that you can feel that heart beating responsive to your own the great events that have shaped the destiny of that nation the master minds who infused their own spirit through the mass of the beope whatever relates to the government religion arts moral sentiment and social life I 1 I 1 you on can see them nowhere else even after that nation is extinct and the language itself numbered with the dead we may say in concluding this part of our subject that the permanent manent value of language is derive derived permanent Ner from letters without the aid of letters thought tho u would be but feebly transmitted mitt ed to posterity soon to fade away from the memory of man or be mingled up with fables let us conceive of h ration cation of men endowed with bright intellects and strong emotions with distinct and eloquent expression but bat without the use of letters all their moral and sublime teachings leading to godlike god like aspirations would pass away in id one or two generations but let the same thoughts be rt corded with letters and they be come a fountain from which many drink and are refreshed ref meshed and as the stream scream glidde on millions illions ra drink from the fountain and by drinking increase the stream the stream becomes a mighty torrent sending forth thousands of silvery rills which swell into rivers and water new lands I 1 causing the soil to yield precious f ruit fruit in endless variety and thus no man can see the end in this enlightened age no one need pine for the BEST OF SOCIETY today to day we live in all the ages of the past we can commune with all the poets historians and philosophers of the ancient world without any embarrassment barras of their presence yet their living reality is with us in all of our libraries in well bound volumes let us thank god and godlike men for letters and books having presented these few reflections on language we will proceed with the story of english literature you will remember rem eaber that our last lesson closed with some brief remarks on the third period of ef english literature but as we proceed with the story we must bear in mind that the foundation was laid during the third period for the great literary outburst in the time of queen elizabeth the fourth period ot of our national literature commences with the reign of elizabeth in 1558 and closes with her death in 1603 covering a period ot of 45 years during t this his period many important historical events occurred we will refer toa to a few of thomasit them asit as it may assist us to understand better the literature of this period elizabeths first parliament restored the royal roval supremacy and anO undid marys work brick houses with glass windows were built for comfort and not defense while commerce and manufactures were being developed and discoveries discover ms made io in frei frein foreign n lands sir francis drake circumnavigated circum navigated the globe and gilbert a and n d raleign raleigh attempt attempted ed to col doniza america mary queen of scotts and the earl of essex were executed and ancl the puritans seceded from the charen of england Eng landi the published accounts account of the discoveries and won ders of the new world greatly influenced the literature of the fourth period the lovers of historical reading will flut ary recounts accounts of the above items in any good history of england in giving the names and labors of the writers of the fourth period we must omit dmit for want of time many of the inferior ones duraj during the first twenty years of t this his period NEW FORMS of prose and poetry were tried which gave ave birth to new veins of thou thought git lohn john foxes book of martyrs had I 1 lately been published and its simple and attractive style roade made even the uneducated who heard it read feel what Is meant by the word literature all jonsland was also delighted with drakes story of his sail round the world and the riches of the spanish maw main 11 indeed we can trace all through the literature the impression made by the wo wonders aders told by sailors and captains who explored and fought from the north pole to the southern seas ply flay writing also became common and in this way waya a taste for the drama was created literary men of this time studied hard bard and searched through through ancient and modern literature gollu to find scenes and subjects tor for representation sen tation and in do doing ng this work they became fine scholars by this time the bible had bad become public property and many interesting stories of 0 oriental lif life e were told and listened to with delight translations were now made from the greek and roman boman writers virgil cice cicero demosthenes were rendered into en english and classical classica plays were translated latea the best models of ancient times I 1 were thus brought before the people this quickened aad educated the imagination and in after vearsie years Vear sit it became intensified under the influence of shakespeare As there are many parents and some Jea teachers chers who do not properly cultivate the imagination of their children a few remarks on this point may not be out of place in to days lesson there are three periods in the development ve 0 ent of the human mind the first rs or objective jecki e period commences quite I 1 e e early ra in life generally before the te ch chilo atten attends S school during this period briod its perceptive percept ve faculties should be cultivated by objective lessons the child should be erlb taught to observe the form size color and motion of objects this will developed dev elope observation and create a love for the beautiful in nature after the child has been taught to notice the sweet flowers pretty birds and trees and useful beasts and call them by their right names short stories could be told and picture lessons introduced the next is esthe the transition PERIOD A change is now gradually made irom from the objective period to the subjective period durine this period the imagination should be carefully cultivated and the memory strengthened composition on OB imaginary subjects is one of the best devices that I 1 have found to cultivate the imagination the average child can write quite nicely on such subjects as the man in he moon A ride bide in a baloon etc long before it has a knowledge of syntax if these less sons are properly presented a love for good literature will be early created to T cultivate the memory choice gems of prose and poetry should be committed and often recited while the retentive faculties are developing lessons in elementary science should be given the parent or teacher noticing closely for the dawn of reason the child isnow is now entering upon the third or subjective period in which the mind can grasp abstract subjects and divide them into parts and study them singly the are now being cultivated and the individual is able to compare things which have come through the percept ives and grapple 8 successfully with algebra geometry and ad other branches of mathematics the length of each period depends upon natural ability and the amount of cultivation the mind receives As farther digression would likely be out ot place we will return to our subject and take a brief glance at the work done by the writers of the fourth period I 1 have remarked that for want of time all the inferior writers of this period could not be ret referred erred to and for the same reason all the great writers cannot be mentioned but the following names have become familiar as household housel lold words to the student of english literature Sidn sidney iBy bacon spencer shakespeare Shak speare and ben jonson before kidneys Sid time ame it was quite unpopular to write f for or the public but poverty compelled many to do so but bat when sir phillip sidney the favorite of queen elizabeth became a writer THE DISGRACE j was taken from literature many written manuscripts that bad been laid away were immediately sent forth wealthy and influential men devoted more of their time to lite literary pursuits all trying to equal the work t done de b by sidney kellogg Kel logs says that the arcadia acl a 11 one of kidneys Sid works was so if full all ef f poetic thought that it became a mine into which poets dug for subjects I 1 here give a short specimen from the arcadia there were hills which abich garnished their proud heights with stately trees humble valleys whose base estate seemed comforted with the refreshing of silver rivers meadows enameled with all sorts ol 01 eye pleasing flowers thickets which being lined with the most pleasant shade were witnessed by the cheerful disposition of man many well tuned birds each ach pasture stored with sheep feeding with sober security while the pretty lambs with bleating ble eting oratory craved the dams comfort here a shepherds pip agas gas though he should never be old there a young ayoung shepherdess knitting and withal singing and it seemed that her voice comforted her hands bands to work and her bek hands kept time to her voices music in the dairty third year of his age sir philip sidney bianey received a coital wound while fl fighting t biting E bethe battle of zutphen while while he was being carried f from rom the field he begged for a drink of water A bottle was procured but while in the act it to his bis lips he be noticed the wistful look of a wounded soldier without tasting the water he passed the bottle to the dying man with this expression thy necessity is yet greater than mine he died on the jtb of october 1586 thus queen elizabeth lost the jewel of her dominions eleven years vears after this date the first edition of lord bacons bacans essays appeared in 1765 the works and life of lord bacon were published in five volumes it is said that as orator and writer he had no equal in his age bacon was a close reasoner and a deep student of human nature he was well versed in all branches of literature era ture and he wrote upon nearly all the sciences except mathematics but lord bacon with his TOWERING INTELLECT and philosophic mind lived an immoral life which proves that all great writers and thinkers are not moral reformers bacon succeeded in earl life in winning the friendship and securing the influence of the earl ol of essex in after years when the earl was charged with treason bacon came cam forward with tongue and ana pen as bit hit most bitter accuser before tais the earl earl had presented him with wish a fine estate worth a year lord bacon ou on his own confession was found guilty of twenty three acts of corruption foi which he was banished for life from the court and fined we will not dwell longer on the labors and life of this great scholar pope say says that he was the wisest brightest and meanest of mankind we will now brit briefly fly refer to the literary labors of the illustrious spencer hallam says we must not fear to assert with the best judges of this and former I 1 a gees ages that spencer is still the third name nam e in the poetical literature of our country and that ne lie has not been surpassed ex capt by dante in any other spenceil acel wrote in the spirit of chaucer gaining his first fame by the publication of a adries aeries 01 pastorals pasi past orais orals entitled shepherds |