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Show DESERET NEWS, SEPTEMBER Highlinhts of Panama treaties WASHINGTON (UPI) The of the Panama Canal treaties was released Tuesday by the State Department after the documents had been initialed by States and Panama in 1974, contains these provisions: It acknowledges that Pa- -, a has sovereignty over its own territory, wiping out language in the existing 1903 treaty which said that the Canal Zone would be treated "as if" it were sovereign U.S. text both sides. Initialing is a diplomatic practice which freezes the text of the document and signifies that both parties agree there will be no further adjustments in language. The initialing has no force in law and is not the same as the formal sigring and subsequent ratification. commit themselves to protect and defend the canal, and they agree to "meet the danger" which could threaten the canal or the ships in it. The armed forces of both countries will form a Combined Board to coordinate their military activities. U.S. employes of the canal commission will be banned from any political activities in Panama. The United States will have primary criminal jurisdiction over its citizens during the transition period until the end of the century. The entire Canal Zone will be under the flag of Panama, but the U.S. flag "may be displayed. together with the flag of the Republic of Panama" at the canal commission headquarters and "at other places and on some occasions" as long as the Panamanian government agrees. Vessels going through the canal will be exempt from any taxes or fees levied by territory. Panama gives the United States the right to "manage, operate and maintain" the Canal until the treaty terminates on Dec. 31, 1999. After that date, Panama There are two basic documents, The Panama Canal Treaty, and the Treaty Concerning the Permanent Neutrality and Operation of the Canal. Although the provisons of the treaties had been disclosed, the text of the two documents had not been made public until Tuesday. The basic treaty, which is based on the eight principles negotiated by the United takes over. The canal would be run by a commission, consisting of five Americans and four Panamanians. Until lonn, the chief administrator of the canal will be American; after that date a Panamanian will head the administration. Panama ..i. and )i -- ........y.1:.5 in secret e'fir'-44..- ; ... ' .. '''' 1: .: ''"' !, t., ';' , ' ..,..,..., - ' :, , 44. ioltSi;.e . .4 r ....,.., -- i ....5 ,:.:"''''"'"' 4.:.:.' ,,.... ',, r-- , - ..,... ;1 11,,.!i;t.,.......y..- ;4.94,;o1"rH' - t:::,;;;::;;;,,;;;::;;;;,::,04,..,,, ;$00HI,...,0,01,11... , ..,,::- - , ektvir..,t4 , , ::::: :::'':::"::. ::', :':...:::' ,:.i.,..:,!:....... ,,,:.:::,....4 ,.,.. ,531.6", '.." .,:::4i..,. If1 i ;41 ..i i 1 rnr. P ,,,t ,:;:;;,...,:tiii...... , . 2.....-- .1 i ,....:,: ........1. ::....... ; tik.,,,,,...,::, ::: ''. t ''',;: ''.,":..' ,. , impart treaties by ............, Panama Can State Department environmentalists confirms controversial speculations about the treaties and highlights alarming environmental forecasts. The environmentalists warn that crude Panamanian farming, encroaching into the Zone carefully tended for three generations, will "degrade the Canal watershed." The result: due to "altered water levels," the ships of some 80 nations using the canal will risk getting stuck in the mud in the narrows of the waterway. One ship so immobilized would block it. The report foresees serious social disruption under the new treaties as the present shrinks by about 40 percent canal work-forc- e in three years. The State Department unit also fears the return to the area of "insect-born- e disease," especially malaria, one of the fevers that made Panama a pesthole until the United States went in and cleaned it up 75 years ago. The report, reflecting the form as well as the content of the pacts, reveals features sure to arouse bothcongressiOnal and international controversy. First, the basic treaties one concerning the operation and defense of the canal and the other its "permanent neutrality" is extremely brief and general. This permits the maximum number of decisions on the transfer and operations to be settled by separate "executive agreements." This provides a way to circumvent need for congressional approval on a host of issues already of concern to the canal experts on Capitol Hill. 0.,:.,,, .,..,. .:'.,, '.t::- ................................................... ,,, -- 5. - ,,S,,;,5:,': -- - , ': :: '.f: ,....:::;'.:' ::.:':'e:,''.',;:-!:::',': :A'::'. ,',..:?Yrft::,,: ::: r .:.::::::,,;.:::: :' :,-4- , , ... ",:::,4 ',:::, ::!:::.: : ,:.' ''' - :' - ::':: ' ': ::... ,:' - :,.: ''' .;;;::,:::H .. ..7:.'' 1 '44,...,,,,,,4 .I- , I 1' 4i.:?..: ,- .::.::'.. .1 j t.,,,,.1 .:',!.':... ,. ',:: -.- ...;,:::: ''.. - - .: I :, :: '.' '.;,4::: ii':'.;,ie5,::5:5':::,:.:,:.::,,,i::,&W.,50ifftAtc14,"..,,,,4;x , .....' 4. .:,,,, ...' ::' 4. ::: : , , ' :::'::,, ; -' -- .. ':',1' :,,: '').::'. 4 .:.,,: ' ':4. ':, :,:,..:,.',; ,,.t,., ,.4 ' 44 '4 '1: ....t !:;,''''..", :::::;:,,,,,. :,,,, - ::,,i,': the fact that the treaties immediately give the canal and zone to Panama, with understandings that Panama will "release back" to the United States a number of crucial operations to be managed by various "joint commissions." This allows Panama's Gen. Omar Torrijos to say, "We've got it" and Washington to say equivocally that, until the year 2000, "We control it". But the terms of vital elements of U.S. control are not fixed for the and treaty's life. They can be "reviewed" changed every few years. The formula for giving Panama a much greater share of canal tolls is revealed as one already highly suspect throughout Latin America. Panama's "annuity" for the life of the treaties goes up from the present $2.3 million annually to about $50 million. Panama will also get a large package of U.S. military and economic millions. The $50 million "annuity" includes a fixed $10 million yearly from tolls, plus up to another $10 million "if canal tolls permit," plus 30 cents per ton of revenue for :''.'':.':;1:::. Torrijos, straight-talkin- leader who dislikes charismatic protocol, has been in power since Oct. 11, 1968, when he overthrew the o!cl government of Dr. Arnullo Arias. His official title is Head of Government. He was born in 1929 in the town of Santiago De Veraguas. Both his parents his father was Colombian were teachers, but Torrijos received a military education in the military academy of El Salvador. :::' V,.. "11' .,,, ' . t ?' ,k ' i-- ' f.: .:Z:;',':' f:;::::,:,;7.c:;,:::: ':: ::'..,. : 5'. ,:..,..,;;;;S:': ,7::?::,i0. ' '.:::' ::1:".:::::':.':"::..t1::':::i'''.4:::::::::'.::.::::::...:.::.' , :::,:,, :::-::- ' ,,::.,: ; t, :::' :4.; , ,: :.:1: .7 :::0:,:ii,::':::ii .:' , .:,;:a::.,,.. ::. N:4:::;:: Y,::::,,b.i, :::.';.. :i:.:;:::- I ,t it ,;:. (IOW -- - profile Managing to confound his opponents on the extreme right and left, Torrijos has retained the loyalty of the National Guard, where he came up through the ranks to emerge as a national leader. He also has wide support among the labor, business and student sectors, although leftist university and high school groups have opposed his settlement of the canal issue. Students at the Instituto Nacional, a secondary school near the Canal Zone, refused Torrijos' invitation to attend the signing ceremonies in Washington. They were demanding that U.S. military bases be evacuated 48 hours after the treaty goes into effect, instead of being phased out over 23 years, as the pact provides. Torrijos prefers to inspect the nation's problems first hand and often makes surprise visits to the interior to talk over peasants' grievances. He frequently receives foreign visitors and local officials in his spartan quarters at the Rio Nato Air Base.' "He'll sit you down at a kitchen table and serve coffee himself out of a termos," says the diplomat. "He comes straight to the point and he's usually thinking at least seven steps ahead of you." Although he sometimes indulges in leftist rhetoric, Torrijos has encouraged private investment and banking. But Panama's economy is in trouble, with inflation and unemployment around 25 percent a year, a population growth rate of 3.2 percent and a lagging rate of economic growth (the gross national product dropped 1 percent last year). Many Panamanians believe the new treaty will signal an economic upturn for Panama. A':!::':.,::,:':,'.: 4'. !..:,,,,.,.ia::?..:.:i: ::.:::,.;:s1.:y:.:i.:: .:''::. U.S.-own- .... ( 1 ' ' jj f:,fii ''''....i..7:.'r' , .. 41) - ,, ; 1:!::::::.,..:..::..: '. .:,,,; ::::::::::::::41f !.::.'.: ':,,:a0,47.0"- - ' 1 m ' 1 ,- 4 ::::.:::::.;.::.::.. , - .:.!.,,,,?.,4,,,,,,,,,,,,::- ,,...,z.,.,..,:,,.,7.,,.:::..:,.:.?:;.,'::,:i,-:::-- ;) .. ,1 ".:.i..:,......:,::x:'. ::.:..i. 4.'.:;:,:':'?.;: '.- '!'' 1:.:t:..1.i!i'''.::::::::.',.4. :.:,3.;:;,::, 1':!;4t r ::!1;;;:::::;:f4r...::''';!437-7.- ,) .........:...........,..................:.... ,,,..1 ...',:.:;,,:::,:i.,,I ::1;0k: 1 0::.:'i.:,:.:::.;::::it , ,... .1 v.'.5'.:$1....;,.:..:r;,:...:..::::ti '''''''''''ki: .,:. I..., 1 .1:,.:-:- - ',i '"':".11'. ed in three years by 1,600 U.S. and 2,050 non-U.workers, terminated or transferred. The report sees no way this can fail to cause "social disruption." "::':!: ": Hg The study says the treaty will reduce the present Canal Zone workforce of about 13,000 ::'!!'"S'. Vi I :'".': Experts estimate that, to begin with, either tolls will have to go up about 35 percent, or the Carter administration will have to break a promise made to Congress by treaty negotiator Sol M. Linowitz that U.S. taxpayers won't have to pay Panama's larger canal income. The social disruption feared by the State Department Bureau of Oceans and International Environment and Scientific Affairs, which made the study circulated internally Aug. 30, will arise partly from the transfer to Panama of up to 1,000 businesses in the zone. This "shedding of services" has Panamanians taking over the businesses and not "release" them back as will be done with key operational activities. gil ::,:'::::':::.:,.:..: 5?$,5:, UPI photo '''',,.,,::':,:4..,:.::: .. ,,;iiii ;.' canal 30-ce- nt ii.l.:,..,:ii;::, :::: ..:': IA'- ...:'::::':;;.,;.;.Z.&.;:n.:4:,4,A,i,,.,;::::-.::.- every ton of shipping through the canal. These conditions have been announced. The new wrinkle revealed in the environmental study is that the per ton rakeoff for Panama will increase periodically "for inflation." Increases will be determined by the rise in U.S. wholesale prices, as determined by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. This promises hot controversy, since it is a precedent for something the OPEC oil countries press for, encouraged by other Third World countries that sell raw materials to the United States. They want the prices of what they sell the United States tied to the U.S. inflation rate. Washington until now has resisted this. Further, with 19 Latin American countries appealing via the Organization of American States for canal tolls to be held down to actual in short, no skim for operating costs U.S. officials have informally anybody promised that tolls will be kept down. Under the treaty formula revealed, this is obviously impossible. ::,,::.?::::::: 1 ::.....:'.::..:::.:, .. :,: A:' V.:- t: .. 1., 1 t .4.k, ',leg.' I ,; ..,:., - r - ::.: ...., '.., .,.: ;7;;.........:,..,..,.:;?,,:,,...:r,?:. t .,,1:,..,,,.;.i-..:.- ...:.........:.....:::. I ::4:1 - ,:It, -: :" i;.3.0".i,.,1;1 ENS::,4::,4 :::.' .'Atet ...f ,...... ItkT,,0,5,5.15,,.. $ t'....:::'3:,:1:,::4:.:::::::,..!,:.::,,..,.p...:2,1:,,Wi,,iii.,:x:,:,:.::::.:,,4,:i:.:.:..::: Torrijos United Press International a ,k-:,:::- :t :;::;::: 1. .......:,:....,......,... z "-,s. ,:,,,,,,.... . V''''''''''!.'': ...:' 4: ,,,,,...j..Y.,..,.. :;:::: ''' ',.::,,:,: confounds his opponents century. t., f' :.- He will do so symbolically in Washington today when Panama and the United States sign a treaty that will turn full control of the canal over to Panama at the end of the .1 .4 ?'.:..".. :'..':.:::34'.:.... Z....::.::'.. ,:e:',;,:::'...::.:,k:;:.::i:;:: ..:.:..,..:..::..,.:,...z: Zone. ..,.,....,., :.....? t ' ... ,:,:r ,: Panamians, the fence dividing the Canal Zone (here shown on left of white outline) from the rest of Panama is a daily reminder of the canal control issue. Straight-talkin- g ) 1 ,...,:,..v. '? ..,.... :..........,..., For Next, rhetoric about "joint U.S.- Panamanian control" for 22 years conceals .1 , g i .....,. ...:,.. t ':,!;1',':' ::,...1'. ....4"!....r ,..., .......... 1:,,, '''' 'i , , .ivp.,,,,,4 '''''' rt., 1 :,'"':::.:;:x::,4:,..:,t,:.,:,-...:-::-0,.,:,...;:',,:',1:;14.,..,,..- .: .' .,.. ...... 1- 'AV. '. ,:t , ......;,.: : ' ' :,,!. :..; i: ...:, ... :. ::: !. : ; '. .,'. ,"': ::::.1 :'.:::''..:::' 9',V. :i: ' 100-mi- Here is a biographical sketch of the Panama president Brig. Gen. Omar Torrijos: Panama's flamboyant strongman once said he didn't want to enter history, but to enter the Canal , .: , ..7,.::,,;::::::,;,,:.,:,,7 .,,,44-- 4, ::,i., :. ': r::. ''.:N, ,:' ,:. :!,..i..5,.:.: :, ..,.i.i.:::.,,i4......,:ir,....:..,,,,,,,,.,5,,,,,,,;,,,,,.5.,5',4,5!.:..:u-,,':,..:::;:- r...... .. ,,,.::,,,;,,,s;:.,,:..:,,..,..,,,,,,,,,,,,,,:.,,,,,,:::.:,-,:.,..,,:,,..,,,.:-.;,::.....,...., : , sc: ,:. .,., ..,,,,e,,,y.,,,,,,,,p.t,.. f ,'''' , '' ,,,:,, - ...... ' , .;;,,,el'-- 'i:'..7.; ; '... i 7:. '.c.!;4,4A05.,!:: ':.'.;" ,:':, , r ,..,OPP 4t ',..,,,,I 14.' I ...e. ...,..,.,,,;.: 3' .ii !.!'"I'' f. 411 ile ...,.1..... ' '.,i'V',.. N ....:::, ::: ::;;:. f!:......r.......- ' ' ' 114,:: .? ....... ; :. .....'.., I .:.:1 ; - :.1 .;.?' , I ' ." ... ,',,.ft AP I ::I :....'.. Oloto Ambassador Eillsworth Bunker, right, greets Omar Torrijos. Carter, Torrilos sign Panama Canal treaties tonight Continued from I received by Carter. A-- is trying to greet his visitors in is using English in the serious but Spanish, talks, with translators present. He has been studying Spanish and reads the Bible in Spanish every night, but thinks he lacks the fluency to discuss high policy in the alien tongue. The signing ceremony itself will take place in the Hall of the Americas of the OAS The hall is big, but not headquarters. commodious enough for all of those wanting to view the occasion, so access is restricted and security is tight. Some of the visitors were grumbling also about the protocol being used to govern their order of entrance into the hail. Latin Americans traditionally use alphabetical order to decide such matters. But Carter I U.S. protocol decrees rank according to the seniority or length of service of the head of states. And in Washington, U.S. protocol prevails. So the first four dignitariec will be representatives of small English-speakin- g Caribbean countries and Haiti. Some agents of the larger countries have inquired about it, and one said: "We have nothing in the world against these countries, but we think one and the others should mingle. This has more than anything a certain political touch." Both Carter and Panamanian leader Omar Torrijos will speak, after which both will start signing simultaneously the copies of both in all, four copies: two in Spanish treaties and two in English. After introductions all around, the heads of state and wites k,o the the White House and the foreign ministers and wives to the State Department for dinner. If there were any doubts that Carter planned the gala ceremonials to build support for the treaties in the ratification fight, his intentions were made clear in an overheard remark to one of his visitors Tuesday. "1 think we're going to have a good ceremony tomorrow night," he said. "It will be a demonstration of support. It will mean a lot in the Senate." was to act as host at a White House dinner tonight for the visiting heads of government and Secretary of State Cyrus R. Vance was to do the same at the State Carter Department for visiting foreign ministers. Hemisphere summit meetings have been staged in the past but OAS researchers said none has been held in Washington. The last one took place 10 years ago in WITH LES WHITTEN rn 1 cem g 1 . 1 ) short-change- t ; t'''''', .., : ; .....; ,, ... .:, RIMERS011 W ASH IN GTON Senate Minority Leader rounded up enough fellow Howard Baker, Republicans recently to block public financing of Senate elections. He also concocted a slick scheme to raise private funds for those same Republicans. The able and agile Baker signed his name to a letter which discussed the need for a strong national defense. The need for campaign funds was barely mentioned. The letter was mailed to about one million well heeled prospects. A detailed questionnaire, identified as the "1977 National Defense Survey," was enclosed in the same envelope. "I've gone ahead and registered a special survey number in your name," explained Baker, so that the results can be tabulated accurately ". and quickly." The Senate Republican leader continued urgently: "I personally believe this is NOT the time to gamble, in any way, with our national defenses But I want to know what you think. That's why I've sent you this specially numbered survey assigned for your personal use." Oh yes, $300,000 had to be raised, Baker added, to fund two top priority projects: "(I) distribute nationally the 1977 Survey on National Defensé to thousands of Americans and (2) elect Republicans to the U.S. Senate who'll vote to keep our defense strong." The questionnaires and the checks began rolling in this summer. The checks were processed by the Bank of Virginia, which carefully deposited the money and kept a list of contributors. But those questionnaires were dumped unceremoniously into the trash. Sources at the bank told us that 20,000 to 30,600 questionnaires were discarded without bothering to tabulate the results. It looked suspiciously as if the defense survey was merely a gimmick to raise campaign funds, being that it's easier to extract money from the citizenry in the name of patriotism than politics. Our reporter Vance Hawthorne confronted GOP officials with the allegations that, once the checks had been carefully removed from the envelopes, the urgent survey results were thrown in the trash. "Completely inaccurate," retorted the officials. Our sources, nevertheless, stuck by their story: One furnished us with a sworn affidavit declaring: "I was assigned to the mailing services section of the Bank of Virginia where I was put to work processing mail for the Republican Nattonal Senatorial Committee. I was directed by my supervisor to throw away the surveys involved in the mailing." Immediately after our inquiries, our sources reported, the check processors were issued new instructions to begin saving the questionnaires. We went back to the GOP. This time a spokesman acknowledged that 20,000 to 30,000 questionnaires had been discarded because of a "misunderstanding." Three bank sources assured us, however, that there had been no misunderstanding. The bank had received explicit instructions, they insisted, to throw out the questionnaires. Since the names and addresses had been filed, the Republicans have now followed up quietly with a new letter to those whose questionnaires were deposited in the trash. This letter is signed not by Baker but by Robert Moore, the executive director of the campaign committee. "Unfortunately, due to a processing error," he explains, "the original Survey assigned to your name was not tabulated. And that really concerns me." Now, the survey results are being tabulated, albeit belatedly. So are the contributions, which have already reached about $250,000. The money is being distributed in $10,000 bundles to Republican senators who are running for reelection next year. SOCIAL SECURITY MESS: We receive dozens of letters and calls every day from citizens who complain that the Social Security system has d them. The agency is so bound up in red tape and confusing regulations that the frustrated claimants are often cheated out of money owed. to them by the government. We receive far too many complaints for our small staff to investigate. The best we can do is to make random inquiries. We heard, for example, from Dorothy Lopez whose husband, Joe, had been injured on a construction job helping to save another man's life in a fall from an unsafe scaffold. Joe Lopez was so severely injured that he was forced to quit work. In 1975, he applied for disability benefits from Social Security. He had a right to these benefits, which should have been granted without a hassle. Instead, he was denied benefits three times, theni granted a measly $136 monthly allotment to maintain his family of three. Only $4.40 a month was allowed, for example, to raise his son. Dorothy Lopez spent the next 18 months fighting Social Security officials for a just allotment. They gave her the runaround until she finally wrote to us in desperation. "No one seems to care," she wrote wearily. "It's all covered up." We found that the Lopez family was entitled to three times what they had been pawl. Embarrassed officials admitted that Dorothy had been right all along. Result: Their monthly check was increased to over $100. But millions of other Americans are not so fortunate. Congressional sources say eligible persons often receive nothing, while those not entitled to payments find ways to squeeze money out of the cumbersome Social Security system. fund-raisin- ,,. '... ,..,..,.. ,,,A ..., .1,... 7 ? :4!1:,3MV:..:.,,:',:f, 15,..: .:'' :, ,..,,...",,... ,. 'I .1j , ...!,,44!,,:N,::,,J,' :::"' ''''''". - ,.- ,,,, .t- -: .., . ,,,,......:.:. ........:. '''''''' ,s,,,"02,...,,,,,;..,,..,,,.. ,,,::ii.,-,::- v: ., ,,. 1 r, ,,. .,i, .4. - ----- ,;,,5:5.:, ''4'4 ....11 a', .,., ,,,,.....: .1 c''.,. a 0, t 1r5.&- - - a- I '''' .:.: ': , ' z '...)rtk'5:'.: ,:. JACK GOP funds ' :. .L N. ....... 1 ::', ,..,. .,..,..,..:.,,. 1::..;,4.0,-....:-.4.- 4...,::, ..... North American Newspaper Alliance 240-pa- ., ir, ,o,:...-::- :fr',.,;:ixd,:ii:3. .'i 1,- :J, ' ::,A,.:.'::,,i::::',N .1I ......t,:,:::. :x ,.,,r1'",,'7"'-','!!'-- lelogowNwilmatts041-;0-0, :,""" ri ,.,... ,'il,0,...,1-.4.- ; 4: - ,g'; ? .....: ...,..,.. luro :,!4.. - ,;. '': A 4,... v c,k4.,..::..,7 ... '. 44;.,c,,,,,,,.....Ai.,,,,,,,,,,,,,- 440N Lof I 1....- 2 ;.n, ,;7....,,-r7- ec 3 slick way - .,.....:.,.:....,...,..,,.;....:.......:.....:.,.....::.::,:.:.::.::....:4''.4't.:.: A A Baker finds .i...,,,,.,IA:kw. .,......,,,,, rittriT-1,,,,,,,,. fto",-1,- ,- .,...::;:;,:: By Virginia Prewett WASHINGTON report on the new .' ,4 . K. ..: .. sea-leve- 1 1 ... ..,..... t i,, - ,vnt, the Republic of Panama, although they will have to pay the usual canal tolls. The two countries will study the l canal, but possibility of a new Panama will have a veto over its construe-On- , and over the use of nuclear excavating de ices. The neutrality treaty deals with relations with the rest of the world. Among its provisions: Panama promises that the canal will be open and neutral "in time of peace and in time of war." The two countries agree that the continued neutrality of the canal is its best protection against any hostile act, and both sides promise to work to preserve the neutral status. The neutrality treaty will be opened for signatures by "all states of the world." ,..i - ,, t ..:,..,j. a,,,,....,4.,,,,,,,.......,!-- .,,:0 4......4e$4.... ', - t t . ' -r- ( .74,40..,...vs,,..k..:4.--,TrItc.'',.t'- ,. g.i, ''':',. .: ,..........,..... g,-: 1 . i 4- --) ,,, , c. , ;'.5..ost.,. ' - :'1: -- -, .,,,:::.4.' r:,:::;.,,, tr... impact statement e.7'...,",-'-- ..."' :''":'-- 4 ..... i-- , ,.1,,I., , .:., ;AA v,. ., ., ....k t t'." '''.1'..:;'"" - I Ito ilt.a.'..pwawsowkftik,,..... ':7.1,,..' r':. States ::::,:::.,.4, I 1 1 United 1;,4,:,...:e4k..,.!.4,,....,.z,:.. hit Alarming forecasts the --- 7, 1977 The Carter administration is that the current meeting is more successful. In Uruguay, hemispheric leaders approved a resolution pledging a major effort to form a Latin American common market by 1985. The resolution has been gathering dust Uruguay. hopeful ever since. Tuesday, Bolivian President Hugo Banzer met with Torrijos. Banzer is hopeful that the cooperation will display of generate greater American sympathy for g claim to an outlet to Bolivia's the Pacific Ocean. Working against tonight's dcadlinc, U.S. and Panamanian lawyers put the finishing touches on the English and Spanish version of the canal treaty, and the two sides initialled the document Tuesday morning. An additional document outlining provisioir for implementing the accord was to be initialed just hours before the OAS signing ceremony. ' 'FOREIGN FLAG r LEVI'. Big Oil is quietly behind the scenes against a proposal to lobbying import more oil in U.S. tankers. The oil companies have neglected to mention, however, that they have licensed over 500 of their own tankers in Liberia and Panama, where the costs are as low as the safety standards. President Carter, who received hefty campaign contributions from the maritiine unions, wants a requirement that 9.5 percent of imported oil be carried in U.S. tankers. This would create jobs and protect against environmentally damaging oil spills. Last year, for example, 11 of the 19 tankers involved in accidents were licensed in Liberia, including the infamous Argo Merchant. (c) 1977, by United Feature Sundicate, Inc. 1 : 1' 1 1 . I : I a it A r |