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Show - . f T ' v.wsw-- . t .- - t 'it KK NEVS, 7 ..- , ,- w f. "T I DESERET v, SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 22, 1977 NO R0SON R0l. W S -' j TO the Constitution of the United States with its three deportments of government, each fully independent in its own field off-sho- re I -- X gypEWG RBfFAINIVIE shore transmission make it safer transfer oil to storage areas. Just how important drilling can be is indicated by a 1975 study of probable undiscovered petroleum reserves which showed that sources in Alaska were at least as extensive as those on land. Undiscovered offshore reserves in the U.S. were estimated at three times greater than those left on land in the lower 48 states. Natural gas sources were roughly equivalent. Most of the quest for new supplies, then, is bound to center on sources. But since drilling and recovery is more expensive, it also will tend to puh prices farther up. The essential challenge of securing me ''' i applies and promoting more conservation practices will at the very best be only partially alleviated by the present Intenor Department probe into possible withholding of natural gas supplies by Ml OVERALL MAKE THE MICE OF mutual TOP A 5AFER 60 OLD PLACE IN off-sho- off-sho- re 1969. The effort to clean up the seas continues today, and with good reason: Mans activities aie polluting the oceans to such an extent that certain types of marine life are being endangered. Without adequate safeguards, natures balance could be upset in the oceans in the foreseeable future, with sweeping consequences for all mankind. The oceans, after all, are a major source of food. Only recently, Interior Secretary Cecil Andrus took sieps to offshore lease sales granted by the Ford administration. Andrus cancelled a sale of leases in Alaskas Cook Inlet, effective tomorrow. His action was without prejudice, indicating Andrus merely wants to be sure the leases are safe before he proceeds. But theres also the other side of the coin; The nations growing shortages of natural gas, emphasized by this winters severity in the Eastern U.S. And, of course, theres the parallel danger of increasing U.S. dependence on foreign oil, now close to the 50 percent mark. Technology on drilling has vastly Improved since the 1950s and 60s. Automatic shut-of- f valves can protect against disasters like the Santa Barbara eruption. Improved methods of derrick-to- - off-sho- re off-sho- IQJTNvTspo anomaly. The Secretary of State, Dean Acheson, went on a speaking tour trying to build up public support for a policy of more American military strength. The Secretary of Defense continued to cat the defense budget. By Joseph C. Harsch There is no decibel count on tne defense debate which is a normal feature of the Washington year, and no way to prove that the debate is more heated, passionate and assertive this time than in other vears. However, it is my impression that there is an extra shrillness this year that 1 do not remember in previous years (my memory goes back to the argument before World War II between the battleship admirals and the Army pilots who claimed that they could sink a battleship). , The winners in these debates are not always vindicated by history, The battleship admirals before World War II got money for more battleships which would have been better spent on aircraft carriers. Pearl Harbor passed the decisive Judgment on that debate. I In fairness to the, generals and admirals who always make the best care they can for more weapons it needs to be said that on some occasions they were 'not heeded sufficiently. j The year 1949twas a case in Reform military pensions soldiers on active duty. Military pensions now cost more than the Air Force has budgeted this year to buy airplanes and missiles, and more than the Navy has budgeted this year for building ships. We mention these facts because Secretary of Defense Harold Brown recently indicated he is looking for ways of making $2.8 billion worth of quick cuts in military spending. Instead of concentrating on reducing of various or slowing procurement is doing, a Brown as systems, weapons better candidate for reappraisal would be the military pension system. Military pensions have increased from 1.75 of the defense budget in 1962 to 8.2 today, and the dollar increase has been almost As a result, retirement pay is the fastest growing part of the U.S. defense budget. $13 military pensions are expected to cost billion a year in terms of 1978 dollars or around $30 billion when inflation is taken into account. One reason for such excesses is that the military pension system is more generous than the federal governments civilian retirement system and all major private pension plans. collect more in Many total retirement pay than they earned in their total time cf active service In the military. Yet an employe in private industry would be long dead before he accumulated as much from his retirement as he did from his years of active employment. Military pensions, then, are draining away funds that could be used in other defense or other government programs., Congress should overhaul the existing system and put military pensions more in line with civilian pensions. d. U. S.-Can- Both President Carter and Canadian Prime Minister Pierre Elliott Trudeau should do everthing possible to reaffirm U. cooperation when they meet this week in Washington. Despite some stresses now and then, Canadian-America-n relations have been an example to the world in international neighborliness. Commerce and travel across the longest unguarded boundary in the world have been remarkably free. Some recent actions of both the U. S. and Canada have irritated the other. The U. S. Tax Reform Act of 1976, which disqualified expenses of attending conventions outside the U. S. as business expense, has hurt the Canadian convention business. On the other side, U. S. business was disturbed at Canadian legislation aimed at curbing advertising on American le point. the Cincinnati Post A study just completed by Common Cause makes a strong case for the abolition of the Joint Congressional Committee on Atomic Energy, which has directed and dominated the nations nuclear-powe- r programs for the past 30 years. The old Atomic Energy Commission replaced by more specialized has be-is little reason to agencies, and there maintain the outdated congressional committee that was associated wh it. As Common Cause points out, the nine senators and nine House members By George F. It would advance the interests of both nations if Trudeau and Carter could agree to reduce the irritants. Canadian-U- . S. ties are far too productive to jeopardize. The U. S. and Canada together make up the worlds largest contiguous land area with common language and customs. It is to the vital interest to the citizens of both nations that they continue to strengthen their extraordinary bond of friendship and cooperation. on the joint committee have become good shepherds to the nuclear industry rather than impartial overseers reflecting the feelings of Congress as a whole. members are fiorn six states with major nuclear projects and therefore have a greater interest hi promoting nuclear power than in policTwo-third- s Communists The failure to start rearming at once after the events of IFM9 probably encouraged ttie North Koreans to think that ts Journalism, like history, is supposed to rely on But what are facts? They arc just the building blocks of truth, and since no one has the time or space to use all the bloc ks, we have to select those we think most important . Thats where the rub comes "iaits." Cahtornia alone, with side benefits to companies and labor unions in other states. But what can a l bomber do which can't be done just as well by one of the projected new cruise missiles which carry a price tag of a mere $100,000 per missile? Some say one cruise missile would be just as good as one Bbomber, and perhaps better Besides, it is unmanned, m. -l "When $23 billion is involved In one decision , plus 30,000 jobs . . opinions become strong." they could attack South Korea safely. It might even have been the decisive cause of that war. Certainly there are times when events make it prudent to try to improve the quality and quantity of weapons in the arsenals. The Soviets are, beyond serious doubt, engaged in a steady build-u- p of strength in most areas of military power. They are not ahead of the U.S , but they have been closing the gap and would close it eventually if the more or less to mark time. However, the question of what to do about the situation raises more problems than normal. For example: The Air Force would like to have the Carter administration commit itself to a program for building 244 of the new B-- l bombers. The price tag per bomber is almost $100 million. The total cost of the program would run to some $23 billion. The political stakes are substantial some 30,000 jobs in southern of its ing it. There now is so much skepticism m Congress about the vigilance and hnoar-tiahtof this cvimmittee that ai effort will be made next month to aboli th it amd turn over its fupitions to other Senate and House committees That good idea y Will WASHINGTON - Hubert Humphrey's impulse toward and often charity is often at war with his victoriously impulse toward clarity. So after Paul Warnkes recent testimony as the Presidents 'nominee to be arms control adviser, Humphrey tried to refute those critics who are opposing Warnke, bv quoting Warnkes own words. Humphrey said, in effect, forgive Wamkes record because to err is, well, professional It is one thing to be a writer of articles in the academic community and in whe intellectual community; it is another thing to be in a position of responsibility and power. I would hate to think that every professor that ever came to Washington and taught a course in government was to be judged by what he said m that classroom or in any particular lecture, because once you are in a position where you hove all the responsibility . you obviously thmk slightly Besides, once Warnke becomes an arms negotiator, he "will be taking instructions. The trouble with Hum phreys lame soliloquy is that Warnke has not been a professor. Rather, he has been a constant participant in the policy process. When Warnke began testifying two weeks ago, the issue was the correctness of the views he has Three advocated for years. ' hours later, an additional issue was his reluctance to stand beneath, or even candidly acknowledge, the banners he has vigorously waved. Asked if he had opposed bomber and Trident B-- l sub- marine. Warnke said he had expressed my concern and that about" the BIndent struck me as being Those quite questionable. equivocal words do not can didiy describe his position. When asked (in 1975) by a Senate committee to list weapons you wouldnt approve, Trident and the B-- l headed his list. -i In 1972 the testimony, he said submarine-launche- d has little cniise missile more merit than a nuclear arrowhead shot from a crossbow." When asked about that two weeks ago, he said, "I cannot defend today every thing may have said in the past . . Then he defended what he had said m 1972 on the ground that cruise missile technology has progressed amazingly sine JS72." Actually, his 1972 statement was an arnaCng rmsjudg-.roen- t his about technology 1 . - B-- hence the loss of one would bo minor in money and zero in human life. Then another factor comes in here. If the cruise missile is about to take over the work of the manned bomber, is there really a case any more for a separate Air Force? When $23 billion is involved in one decision, plus some 30,000 of a jobs, plus the survival separate Air Force opinions inevitably become strong and the decibel count on uie debate goes up. ' Similar decisions plague all three services. In some years the issue has been as simple as whether to build more or less of whatever is coming off the regular assembly lines. But now the issue involves enormous potential profits to some one company (in the case of the Bbomber) against probably smaller profits to other companies if a different weapon is chosen. Suppose 1 were an early American historian, recording the career of one of our Founding Fathers. Here is what I might say : He early opposed the Stamp Act and other British restrictions. When his ship. Liberty, was confiscated and burned, he became a martyr and was elected to the Massachusetts legislature. He was a member and president of the Continental Congress. His name appears first on the Declaration of Independence. After the Revolution, he was elected governor of Massachusetts Now lets supK)so I were a British historian, recording the same career. This is what 1 might say : Son of a poor clergyman whose father died when he was nine, he was favored by a rich unde who sent him to Harvard. When he was still in his 20s, his uncle died and without working a day he inherited the greatest fortune ever amassed in New England. He wore lavender suits and rode In bright yellow coaches. He loved dancing, card parties, wine, and all festivities. He was lazy and unpunctual. John Adams called him a leaky vessel who betrayed state secrets. He was the greatest smuggler on the continent, who yearned to lie Commander in Chief of the Continental Army, and was mortified when George Washington was nominated. Of course you have recognized the eminent name of John Hancock. Everything said about him in both these versions is perfectly true and factual. But history, and much more journalism, must condense these facts. Which shall be left in, and which left out? What balance shall be struck? How much of the how much of the positive facts are veneration; negative facts are depreciation? What is said about Hancock depends, in large part, upon the historians bias, perspective, and sense of values. He cannot put everything in (unless he is writing a full biography of the man), and anything he leaves out inevitably distorts the total portrait. Everytiung that is written is selective. Ponder on this the next time you demand that a story be objective. I ! 1 r ERmn BomBSCK -l Hand-me-dow- ns A father of four in Pelham. N.H how I handled the problem of Warnke changes mind? television and radio stations which can be seen and heard in Canada. But there have been positive actions as well. Canada has approved emergency export of large quantities of natural gas and heavy fuel oil to ease U. S. shortages. Trudeau has been invited to address a joint session of Congress. Abolish nuclear overseers An editorial from The triumphed in China. The Soviets tested their first successful nuclear weapon. But the then Secretary of Defense who had presidential ambitions insisted on cutting the American irrilitary budget. The result was a political ties ada Journalist's job I off-sho- re If U.S. military forces remain at the present size, by the turn of the century F' Vtif SYDfiEY HARRIS An extra shrillness to the arms debate warms up. What shouldnt be forgotten, however, is Saudia Arabias recent threat to boost oil prices if it didnt feel it was getting sufficient leverage from the U.S. on pressuring Israel for further Middle East concessions. The threat of another boycott should be sufficient to keep a fire under this nations energy efforts. The word to Secretary Andrus on leases, then, should be: Review leases and safeguard the environment, but put the matter on the front burner so that decisions are made as expeditiously as possible and energy production can go forward This year the Pentagon will pay more in pensions to retired military personnel than the Army pays in wages to all n vU some companies. In fact, the heat for that campaign may dissipate as spring returns and the weather off-sho- re Strengthen V re development of the most likely areas left offshore drilling has proceeded in spurts. Between 1954 and 1968, more than six million acres were leased for drilling in the Pacific and Gulf Coast waters. But it was an era without adequate technology and safeguards, as witnessed by the oil blowout m the Santa Barbara Channel on Jan. 28, ten-fol- I , "a drilling One reason oil and gas exploration in the U.S. is far behind demand is that m HUMAN RI6H1S, PARDON ME. Why U.S. must go ahead with 4 -- J, We sfond for ' rf 'I It eiE ON WINS I'M CERTAINLY "' A5 WE CANT r own nation's by a man who, as arms adviser, would have to judge technological trends in the closed Soviet society. Asked to summarize his about the D72 "concerns arms agreement, he says he was then concerned about the numerical disparity. Actually. in testimony in 1972, he said the fact that the agreement gives the Soviets an apparently large mathematishould not be cal edge cause for any concern and we should not be concerned about any attempts the Soviet Union might make to increase the numerical disparity. Anyway, he now says that missile numbers back m 1972 were less important than they arc today because the Soviet MIRV program had not really reached its momentum. But that MIRV . . . . (independently targeted warhead) momentum was predictable; his present critics predicted it then. Again, as with the cruise missile, he has been surdevelopprised by short-terments that an adequate arms adv iser should have foreseen When Warnke returns for i onfirmation questioning, enaturs will try to determine whether he has changed las rmr.d, or just ins words And they must decide whether his record, even as revised, -- him negotiate! $ as , wants to know s. a He writes. The girls, 10, 12 and H, are still growing in varying degrees. They havent worn anything that fits m eight ' ears. Twelve is just an inch shy of 14 and 10 wears tight. All three have an obsession about their height. They spent a week around the TV set last year watching the Winter Olympics waiting for someone over 3 to win a 5-- medal." Well Pelham. N.H , you're not going to believe this, but on Fel). 16 19, at 8 a.m., a rare phenomenon took place in the Bom beck kitchen. I looked at the kids as they readied for school Sometiung was weird. 1 could feel it. Then it hit me Everything lit 1 cun only compare it to a religious experience. The jacket sleeves broke just below the wnstbones The hems swirled at just the proper height at the knee. The darts in the dresses crested at just 'he right angle The shoes clung snugly to the heel and not one kid hnd a solely pin on him' "Somethin, 's wrong witli this skirt. sard my daughter irritably V nut's the nnitiei I asked "The waistband It's smooth. 1 feel funny without a roll around my waist hate these gym shoe's," said my son "I cant gel used to weai mg one pair of soc ks liked it Indter when 1 wore three pairs to get them to fit Are my shoulders really this small?" said another son as lie fingered the shoulder seam in the 1 1 sweater. Children1" I said excitedly "You are experiencing a manifestation that occurs with the regularity of Halley's Comet All the today are hand fter all, kids like That day they were miserable hand-me-dow- mo-fits- to look like all the oth.c r kids On Feb 17. '(69 they once again appealed m the arm had wear the 12 year Two HVyeal' olds feet had i p.nr ot boets Unit unfortunately had iimn in Snow Whin s castle on then, and the -oiled up tie sleeves on Daddy's shirt 18 tune's and the only slovcs that Id him were black leather etllshed to Ibe elbow Oil v.el I have the year ?9t9 to look forward jr kitchen Dining the night, the giovvii two nivlies. old s sweater r loumg liVycai-old'- s him to I |