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Show t ' t i ' t L , Nixon's last days WASHINGTON Our slories wtTt (h im (I and denounced when we warned in e..rly PCI that a darklv brooding hichard Nixon might ut- t n j t stiinrihir.rf ! f H V ! wrote of his agony over Watergate. of his drinking bouts at ( amp David, of his suicidal reckless-nes- s m Egypt. of a chilling remark aiMiut his power lo plunge the world into a nuclear holocaust, of H K ll.ddeinan's hackroom talk about "one-marule" and Nixons "right to run the count ry By the summer of 1974, we reported that Nixon's tiehavior so alarmed Pentagon leaders that Secretary James Schlesmg r hxik ipiiet precautions to prevent the White Mouse from by passing the (ham of command and issuing unauthorized orders to the armed forces The public found these stories atiout tlicir President a little hard to swallow Hut now this most .secretive ol all presidents has licen draggl'd out ol the shadows and the real Hichard Nixon stands cxfxised in the suns harsh giare It took those indef at igahle Washington Post reporters. Hob Woodward and Carl Bernstein, a solid year to illuminate the hidden Nixon They intcrv iewed .'I'M people, We JACK Kn' flflDERSOfl iri- some as many as 17 times Their new Umk, "The Final Day s," should lie read soberly by the American fieople as a warning that they must choose their presidents carefully. The hook also gives sub stance to the stories we tried to tell while Nixon was still in office, stories so incredible that few people believed us. We learned from his intimates that Nixon had a dual personality the shy friend and ruthless politician We doscritied him on Aug 5, 1973. as "a deeply private person, a warm, shy. sensitive man who sometimes woke up wondering whether he was President I would have a feeling.' he told a friend, 'that had something to tell the President. Then I would 1 suddenly shake myself awake and realize I am the President. " We told how he had accumulated scar tissue as he "psychological a sober warning drove himself intoone bruising battle alter another, slashing his way to the top. suffering inwardly from t hv this lonely, polttieal shellfire Mepn tons President who fought so hard (or public approval and was rebuffed so often " . For the private Nixon, the W'u'er-gatcrisis was a loin struggle We wrote on Jan HI. I'M. that "he is show in;. signs of strain lie is also drinking more martinis Sometimes Ills f i lend, Belie Helxizo. mixes a small pitchcrful before they sit down together for an evening's relaxation "The President's favorite is what lie calls an in and out' martini Me pours vermouth over the risks, swishes it around and dumps It out Then he adds the gm " We wrote ulxiut bis "restlessness at night" and his long sojourns with Helxizo at Camp David in the Maryland mountains On April II. PCI. we reported that Nixon some times erupted "w tth rage and pi id. nitty But most of the time, he has bottled up Ins feelings and has gone oil to agonize alone." We told (d one sulxit din.de who "w as aw aki tied cat Iv in the morning by a telephone call front the Pres) (lent Although Nixon was coherent, it wasohv tons he had Ijeen drinking " Then he woul 1 ! d e r a i sll.iotiiin.ii I del e g laws v a l it i usi si,, 2 e d t aulloiily to tin tune o nation il ut in s'rtii y He mild dit I. He any lit ol die Flitted Sta'es a 'rnilltaiv ..fi.i tor example and o,.l I ,ev punish ativoue who ,n it ii lontr.iiv tin est rii t ions t do is to "' ic. i hie a p fin I I W o W ol I Ol tl,.. ,!, outwits, we icB.rted, ih.it Nixon inch: .pi oipt to .soii cmcrgeiicy the Instead. III' gave pi .wets i I oil l,g 'I. I'l.'l, ald Wellt pl'esiilem into i xi. i' ui ills San Clemente, C.itd i'i Idle I'llloW III'.; Sipliighel 12 :'e(io. ted th li tie W.I , tot..ly we. if' telldilv ,let I'ssed alld i oiilph-tilI Ills, n, , I has Ih el! p Illdonl 'I fui k l. the s k ,, ii. h l- ifin h ii'd ohdelv i'iii II1, il ' ' i e w 111 I'Xpl niled I l -- W o 1 ( I ,. d at I. lie III)!,-.- ( ,e..n SaU ,' ,a ill nor i I1'.'., I.y aii Inc i i e w 1oti about the alt It h U I, lithe U hill louse tls.it tlie '72 le( ti., u W l In. IU ( O t t .. ii' a at hai.i i'.lo. in Cl,!' III H i ol :c pi hi escs I si '11' : lli'.iii I ( a ,,s a m I I I the all hal.k c.i o' e OUR kt.ADfk'V ACTION UNf, Vffl PO Ho ,;S f iff v tty Unsaid story most interesting , to A 3 IT ,0 i l ! 1 i -- 1976 APRIL 2, man i 1 I DO landslide g iv c Nixon a mandate to sot the nation's silicic and, t! necessary, to rule roughshod over Congress whose menders up li scnteif hit. tied eotistitueni les " ol we Warned tll.it oUll scp.it ale emerge from his introspection and would appear quit e I'oirul Hut fin sometimes lapsed into ominous reflet turns The si ret minutes of i March K 1:17 strulegv session, for example, ijuotc lain is blurt mg out ' could push this button right here and lit gu nunu'es. 70 million Hussions would lie dead And 2a minutes later, 70 million Ann nenns would be dead " Then 111 added almost as ail afterthought, that "we most do everything in our power to gel along" w It h the Sov lets (in June It. lU7t. we wrote ol Nixon's "stubborn determm.ition to visit the Middle Fast." despite intelligence warnings that an rah terrorist ling "might attempt to assassinate bun ' White Molise sources s.iv the Pli ident msisied on m ikm the tup, despite ti e risk. because he is delel mined to i at rv out Ills ih) II.M tl( ofijii lives ill the Middle F.i-- t lie told v isitor lb.it tin dal get wouldn't di ti r turn "Some itisideis woinli I wlntlici lie ill'll! i'ati Iv ir.u.ht llow lie i our' llig'l i!U'."t' m the Vutd.e Fast to win public sympathy mi the eve oi tfv " ur.pc.K I, incut heat lugs 1 . DESERET NEWS, FRIDAY, car trouble a lew miles from I teller ( it i and to he lowed to a garage there. They installed a new timing chain and water pump and charged me M 19 I took the old timing chain to a S I., shop and they said there was nothing wrong with it t he trouble is, I paid Hie first place and mv car still lias (lie same pioiilem. t hey won I du anv thing at all. l II , Ml. Pleasant I li.nl lar had lav - t.r.ies things ale the most significant !, in Tlicir rebuttal is precise and tei's us 'il. .ii you didn't Bni'lly. they replaced the pump U i .iuni it h id to lie Tin y oltel'ed In take it otf it you did. i want it 5 ml w allied to pay part ol the bill .then in,'.;., lined a h 'i.l be a !;! Mil! and refused to pay You on i' fill k a wei k loti t and wanted the ear say ing a oi, I o lo t u b.eilv .cut e.isn a i hoi k ( hie id their ' 0 i n wciii w i'll voii I In n you n (used to go tu the batik .."In ii. tod to bilk to lunttoiiiey When the repairman "t t. you s.ini you Lei possession ut the ear amt vnui'1 not pay The j!uc were i died and disagreed ith your claim Idle i ir was taken hack to the e. icc day s 1. Her you came lit tu pay up They mi! still it "uuve it, e pun p and five you credit ful it in y w ill a s, r, iiisiaii tiie old timing i tiain If it isn't d. 'active. Hoy'll mud all your money But it it is, you II have to pay tor tin l.ilmr It' your move. S. 'll, in d pint ! i ! ; i I S:nj : , U.$. farming: the challenge ahead i i MINI By What's wrong . Peter Tonge Christian Science Fire billion ions of soil are lost each year through ero- Monitor News Serv ice AMF.S. Iowa Wesley F. Buchele, professor of agricultural engineering at Iowa State University, tells his students: "You're living in the afterglow of the golden age. I'm sorry you missed it. By this he means that the days of cheap, underpriced energy which spawned the throwaway society and "modern" farming are coming to a close. America is running out of energy, soil, and water "all at the same time," Dr. Hut hide warns Despite these statements, though, he is optimistic about the future. The challenges can be met. he says, through conservation, innovation, and "a lot more Stated simply, farmers must learn to coax more food from fewer acres, using less fuel, fertilizer, water, and pesticides than the present state of their art allows. While most agriculturists believe the world can feed itself at current levels of technology through the balance of this century, few are optimistic about doing it beyond the year 2,000 without further advances in per acre productivity or a drastic curbing of the worlds population .'spiral or both. The immediate need is to expand research in soil and water conservation, plant and animal genetics, fertilizers, pest control, photosynthesis, nitrogen fixation, and new energy sources. Agribusiness and the scientific community are unanimous on this point, and a National Research Council food and nutrition study commissioned by President Ford stresses the need. Soil conservation must and will be a particular priority of future research. Where agriculture is practiced, soil loss through wind and water erosion can be horrendous. In the United States, the total is put at close to 5 billion tons a year or, as Dr. Buchele puts it, "we lose 10 pounds of soil for every pound of grain we produce. It has to stop, he says. He believes better methods of of a cultivation can cut it to about IMiund per pound of grain." Then there is the loss of prime agricultural hind to urban sprawl, highways, power lines, and strip mining, a loss put at 1.4 million aaores a year by the Citiziens Advisory Committee on Environmental Quality to the President. The National Research Councils study calls for a complete inventory of U.S. land and water resources to provide basic data "for determining priorities for land development, and application of specific soil and practices, including drainage, irrigation, and range and pasture improvement." Refinements in wind and water-erosio- n control then are being sought plus cultivation techniques that disturb the soil as little as possible. One approach involves a variety of tilling concepts generally referred to as conservathe practice of using the least tion tillage amount of tillage necessary for quick seed germination and a good crop stand. In this approach, herbicides are used to kill or retard growth of the natural cover. Seed is then planted directly over the cover. According lo Art Peterson, University of Wiscimsin-Madisosoil scientist, saving the soil is the "real nuts and bolts value of these tilling operations. He estimates that, in recent seasons, more than 25 percent of Wisconsin farmers have forsaken conventional plowing and disking for Advocates of the new method claim conservation tillage will almost eliminate soil loss, conserve fuel, reduce surface sealing, lower production costs, improve soil structure, and, in some cases, increase yields. In a University of Wisconsin study, c mservation tillage was tested against conventional plowing, disking and harrowing methods for six years. On one occasion, two inches of rain fell just two days after planting on fields with an K peri l lit slope. While there Was virtually no soil loss from planting acres, says Dr. Peterson, the conventionally planted plots lost ltP-- tons of soil per acre. In 75 inches of fhe rain drained addition. iroin the plowed lands while only 0 7 inches drained from the unplowcd lands. . . 10 pounds for every sion pound of grain produced. . . . Nearly 1.4 million acres of prime farmlard are lost to urban sprawl, road construction and strip tom. ug. ana what's in store Refinements in tilling methods and erosion control. techniques lSetc excess water and in storing recycling water. lMore emphasis on gene- tics to breed higher yielding, sturdier crops. se of solar and wind juncer to dry the grain. one-tent- nn-til- l. 1 xielded 2lo luisht is under iri .gaMmi in the N"lthwet vvtiele they well I'cculliv introduced Non min h vx ui. r crosses are being pi nmed Already win at and tye have been t.y hriiuzcd m an ettenipt to mr'ct rye s wm'er haidmess and lyccr.e content into w !a ,P I urn Mii g'mm is a likely cross el the fntiiK il si, i'.'la, ill's rcinjrkablc ability to withstand drought can he introduced tt.m corn, a lone, dry summer will no longer he the h . I's.ilili' thing It Is 111 the corn belt The wheat rye ci os is known a: nt( ale It is a new genus, and many varieties nt it w ith w id. Iv different characteristics can tie produced. Low ft rtility, late maturing, ami lodging are among early weaknesses winch tiave been largely overcome, say Joseph Iluise and David Spurgeon ol the International Development Research Center in Ottawa. In Mexico, the best tritica.e varieties have outyielded the best wheat varieties in both summer and winter plantings. There have been similat successes in India and Ethiopia so that Messrs Hulsc and Spurgeon fell that tritcalc will soon become an important food crop. According to a 1W7 report in Crop Science, bermuda grass with a 10 pe rcent increase in digestibility produced a 3n percent increase in the weight gained steers compared with other on standard bermuda grass. Very little genetic work with forage grasses has been done in the past, the National Research Council points out, but improved rangelands could become "one of the greatest untapped sources of feed for livestock. Cattle, she'ep, and goats are valuable for converting grasses, nutritionally useless to man, into protein. And grass along with com stalk silage will become the principal animal feed as more grain is diverted tor human food. Meanwhile, a new hybrid could be'come animal of the futre. This the cross between cattle and the American buffalo (bison) can gain weight more rapidly than cattle on rough forage. For years such crosses had failed because the offspring were sterile. But persistent experimenting by D.C. Basolo. a California breeder, finally produced fertile calves. Now the breed can reproduce itself. It promises less expensive steaks in the future. Geneticists also hope to cut our dependence on chemical fertilizer. A variety of bacteria and algae fix nitrogen from the air. By conservative estimate, these organisms are thought to fix 175 million tons of nitrogen around the world each year, including an estimated 90 million tons on agricultural soil. That's not enough, so 40 million tons of commercial nitrogen fertilizer are manufactured eaih year to augment nature's bounty. Unfortunately, chemically produced nitrogen consumes vast amounts of expensive energy. Bacteria in sy mbiosis with legumes, such as beans and peas, fix atmospheric nitrogen in the soil for the plants benefit And now test tube systems are being used to transfer genes for symbiosis with these bacteria, from legumes to nonlegumes such as cereal crops. At the same time naturally occurring bacteria that fix nitrogen for grasses have been discovered along with others that do the same thing in the heartwood of decay ing trees. Geneticists win k with bacteria, too. So with the basic materials now available, agents improved strains of nitrogen-fixincan be developed. Finally, there is hope for chemical systems for less fixing atmospheric nitrogen through the use of new catalysts. of the While only bv the United States is used on the farm as a whole, savings on arms tail be made Combinations of wind and solar povur already arc being used experimentally to dry grain. Other possibilities include digesters that convert crop am! animal residues to methane gas that in turn will power generators on "all electric" farms The slurry will utlimately he returned to the Helds as a rich liquid blue-gree- Christian Science Monitor News Service pnoto Soybeans are planted through wheat stubble in an unplowed field reducing soil erosion and water loss caused by tilling. Gene Barnes, a businessman with farming interests in Illinois, is particularly enthusiastic about the new method after initial experiments last summer. He raised his "best-eve- r corn crop on a tract of pasture using this method. Its the Way of the future," says Barnes, who talks of modifying the approach. Instead of killing the grass outright, he says a growth retardant could be used so that the grass will recover and he available for grazing again after the corn has been harvested. he points out, opens steeper and otherwise highly erodable areas to grain cultivation. Water, while a renewable resource, is distinctly limited and becoming increasingly scarce around the world, the National Research Council points out. Wh'le agriculture's demands are rising rapidly, urban, industrial, and recreational needs for water in the United States are increasing ut a much greater rate. Ski the council has called for research into and development of techniques to: store as much excess wuier as possible and lirevent runoff into the sea; dram for removal and storage water from individual fields; harvest water through better watershed management; cut back on evaporation; recycle city water. Some 4 3 trillion gallons of water a day fails en the United States, of which almost s transpires or evaporates. Wind breaks, soil covers, and such technicultivation cut hack on ques as evaporation from the soil. Much ol the hope for a future of plenty. g No-til- l, three-quarter- no-ti- though, is laid at the geneticists' door. Plants with still more vigorous growth, more tolerance of heat and cold, higher food value, and an ability to grow well on less water and reduced fertilizer are being asked of the geneticist. Similar requirements are being sought in animals. It is a tough but not impossible task. An increase in the understanding of photosynthesis (the process by which plants take the sun's energy and translate it into food and fiber) will help. Corn, the showpiece of genetic accomplishments, still has not reached full potential. according to Dr. William L. Brown, a w ith geneticist and executive the Pioneer Seed Company. From 45 bushels an acre 40 years ago, corn now yields around 140 bushels on good lands. Last summer Herman Warsaw of Saybrook. Illinois, set a new record with 338 bushels to the acre. energy-intensiv- e one-fift- achieveCurrently, a ment (Farm Journal describes it as a "breakthrough") is in wheat. The discovery recently of a new dwarf gene has enabled breeders to lower and strengthen the stalk of wheat plants. Previously, the spindly vv heat plant would fall over if fertilized enough to produce a heavy ear. The new plant can take additional amounts of nitrogen and still stand upright. As with corn, wheat holds promise of responding significantly to additional nit- rogen JSo where wheat normally produces so bushels an acre under irrigation 40 under dry land conditions), the new strains have 19 lo Mrs. Spiegel. Chicago, has refunded Snbtiitield, fur rings she entered in N veniber, tail never received It ihaiul Co., Inc., Paterson, N.J.. will till the order made by C.A., Salt Lake t itv. when he si nits them the date of the original order, the date they endorsed his cbeek. the date he inquired about his order and the size and color of the product. Hanover House. Hanover, Pa., has shipped two of the items C.M l ., Salt Lake ( ity, ordered last November. The other two are still on backorder D Less land, energy, more food Last of four DO-IT- S energy-consume- tcrt-.lizc- tc ) TheCftt ibtian Science Publishing Soc iety . Another check issued We put a $35 down payment on an order from Miracle Maid, West Bend. Wise. They refused our order because of had eredit, but have not refunded our down payment We have railed and written, but to no avail Can you help? I) K., Salt Dike Valley. They i lauii they sent the dough on Feb 21 S'nce you appan ntly never teceived it. they've stopped pavniiiit on that (heck amt issued unuther. Sou shoe!' get it m the tuxt !u days. Hi";- s,; I Hope you enjoy show I will he taking my mother to a show year-olat the University of Utah Special Events Center soon. She can't walk very welt and I'm concerned about getting her to a seat. What should I do? II. M., Salt Lake City. Take your mother to the southeast entrance of the buiHxg A halt circle driveway there will enable you to let her out near the door. And from that entrance she can get to a scat without having to take any stairs. Just tell the usher you want Row 31. There are also spaces for wheelchairs on that row. We hope you both enjoy the show! d Drv if AAtvi attempt to solve pootems, ge answers. Investigate You must sign your (omptdints and cut red tape Wnte or name and give vour address. Please include vour fpiepione number. Do-nothi- ng lobby bums By Boh Wakefield Congressional Quarterly - WASHINGTON "Hello, this is Jim Evans recorded and you can quote me. Im dreadfully sorry, hut I 'm locked up in the cellar now and can't get to the phone But in his recordings, Evans leaves a caller two options for contacting him. One is to dial his mobile phone as he asks the rhetorical question, Doesn't i very body have one? The other is to call his cellar, which turns out to fie is work number. Evans, known to many Washingtonians as a radio hriudc aster, is now the vice president of advertising oi a Washington graphics company. He also is the public "deflector" of relations for the International Society of Professional Bums, a recently registered lobbying organization "militantly dedicated to doing absolutely nothing. The legislative interest of the society goes a step beyond Thoreau's philosophy, "that government is best which governs least." Its purpose is to lobby members of Congress not to do anything. Evans claims that the svociety is one of Washington's most successful lobby groups. He told Congressional Quarterly, "We become, at our ini option, the only organization to begin with a perfect record since Congress does nothing anyway. We should have little trouble maintaining this pace once we attain the lai k of momentum whic h is our goal. We will g(i to absolutely no ends to keep from achieving anything else, and we refuse to be dissuaded in our . well-know- n quest." The International Society of Professional Bums is growing organization. As a result of its registration, the society acquired several new members trom g among Hill staifers. Cuircntly, there are 51 members. But the future calls for a membership in the thousands and scheduling of annual conventions in various parts of the country. Evans added that 20 percent of the dues are donated to the American Cancer Society. (The group recently gav e the Amci tcan Cancer Society about $250.) Members of 1NSOPROBUM" pay a $25 lifetime membership fee. In return each new member receives such goodies as a hand lettered certificate, stationery. business cards with name and number imprinted, words from lapel pin and "a bunch of our president, if he can be located." The president is John Kolb, who along with Jim Evans founded the society. a dues-payin- (c) 1976, Congressional Quarterly Inc. 200 years ago... April 2 President .John Hancock of the Continental Congress congratulated George Washington on the British evacuation of Boston, umting. The patriotic principles which led you tu the field, have also led you to glory. |
