| Show ture A kirst kwast ly 1 NURSERY BY LOUIS A BERTRAD DIV af the se selection lection of se seedlings is 1 important apor those being one year old and proceeding from the seed of wh white II 11 te mulberries are specially C ally nily suitable for warm climates of which they are natives the old seedling can readily be pulled out without ID injuring Juring the roots as at that age the horizontal roots are in ini in i significant and their loss if their is any would be of little consequence while in be seedlings ed lings two years old the roots contribute tribute very much to their growth and I 1 size arnd annd and arid their suppression would prove a considerable loss in order to preserve all the roots these seedlings should be planted very carefully the one year old seedlings when they are strong can be planted with a peg suppressing the end only of their tap root their vegetation is as nine fine and even excels that of the two year old seedlings the interval between the rows of seedlings in the nursery must necessarily vary according to the class of trees tress to be cultivated that variation however io wever is trifling tr iii lil ing for first class or standard mulbe mulberry rry trees the interval between the rows should be at least three feet each way or better five feet from row to row and two feefe from one seedling to another the first act which must follow the planting of the seedling is the operation of lopping this consists in lopping their top near the ground and to mark the spot where the seedling li Ii esthe top cut off is to be replanted close by the top thus replanted is calleia called a guide the ope operation r ati on must be performed in ift the spring n 6 so 0 that the cut may heal before arr the 0 s starting arting J of ve vegetation elation to facilitate the circulation of f the sap the planter would do well to cover the cut with tar the second operation which as the above is common to all classes of nurseries is the nipping this 1 is tp to be I 1 performed manually or with very sharp pruning shears it consists in inspecting spec spee eting ting all the seedlings separately and in suppressing all the buds but one before performing this it is expedient to wait until nature has I 1 indicated ll 11 its favorite child a thing easily discovered when the shoots are eight or ten inches high if two shoots show the same appearance the nearest to the ground ought to be preferred the selection having been made I 1 the nursery must be visited several times in order to prevent any new parasite fr from om prejudicing the vegetation of the selected shoot when the young tree is one or two feet high small lateral sprigs will shoot along its stem good care must be taken not to suppress them as they are necessary to its growth and greatly facilitate the rise of new roots while the sap acts directly and induces the ascent of the vertical shoot the lateral sprigs are sucking up and taking in from the atmosphere mo sphere the aerial fluids needful to vegetation g ge eta tation tion and transfers them to the stem w which assumes the task of distributing them to the roots thus begins with vegetables that marvellous marcellous marv ellous change that wonderful woud erful erfal phenomenon of the ascension and retraction of the sap without which no vegetation is possible however good the quality of the soil of the nursery the seedling seldom reaches the first year the size of a first class or standard mulberry which must be six feet high at least and eight feet teet at most one year after the trees have acquired half the desired size the operation of lopping may be fearlessly renewed and must ber her followed by tho the nipping process as before should the growth row of t the he seedlings be too weak the first year I 1 it t is expedient to let them thein vegetate un until ti I 1 the second year a ariato ato hoe the young trees frequently in in order to destroy the weeds and fertilize the soil if at the second lon lop lopping pinga pings a certain number of seedlings do not reach the size of a first class mulberry care care eare should be taken not to cut them a third time it is better to let them branch at that size in order that they may regain remain half standard mulberries when the shoots of the seedling have acquired the height of six bix to eight feet which should occur on me roe year follow ing the second lopping they need much care and the nurseryman must lavish on them all his attention lon at that time it is exceedingly important to understand all the wonders which belong loni ioni to the growth of the great vegetables tab es the branches must be well shaped and nature assisted in their formation and in placing them so that the growth of any will not retard or hinder the growth of the others and nally finally 11 that their place direction and distance resy may rasy guarantee for the future of the tho tree that harmony claimed by the perfection of goala god goa 8 works the branching or formation or mation matlon of the bead qt f the mulberry is of great consequence and has a powerful I 1 fluence influence n on its prosperity and when we well weil per performed fa orm greatly facilitates the rapid growth of t the he tree when it fails it causes decay or diseases which sooner or later occasion its nun run ruin the branching of a free tree is the spot where the juices pro proceeding Weding from the sap and those proceeding from aerial absorption meet the former departing from the roots and directing their movement towards its iti uttermost parts and the latter issuing from those parts to communicate to the root trunk and branches the juices necessary to their growth some trees constantly developed dev elope I 1 new attractive organs and these organs in proportion as they de bope themselves aspirate suck in and send to all the tho tha 11 ligneous port portions ions lons of which the tree is composed substances suitable to the formation ol 01 the lignum the elaboration of that exchange is performed in the branc brant branching hing bing a forced rendezvous d avous of all those substances their contact and mixture produce there thousands of phenomena which are but imperfectly understood this branching may be as a st stomach where nature digest its wonders therefore it is hirthe of the utmost consequence e ce fo to attentively examine the method V 0 d by which nature itself performs the work worn in order to imitate and assist it as far as it is in our power An any other method of procedure would hurt our own inte interests resU the formation of the branching or head of the mulberry is nothing else I 1 than the suppression of the vertical or main branch aud and the tho compulsion in which we place ilof adopting many lateral eral branches the placing of the branches which hithe bithe the tree is compelled to adopt constitutes the fhe whole science of that process and it ib is upon the right selection of that place that the beauty of its shape and its elements of prosperity depend the above statements and counsels on mulberry culture seem deem to me sufficient for beginners to give a fair starting to the silk raising business we need four or five millions million of these most valuable trees in utah As soon as they are planted I 1 will write more important articles on this subject I 1 lam iam am now ready to treat the hatching and feeding of the silkworms my experience on this continent shall be unfolded in my next chapter |
