| Show I 1 if A mo lf I 1 A AMERICAN ME INSTITUTE FARMERS CLUB TOJ aag aaa d siut iut fut z ane afe ai the tha subject of pruning was the principal question discussed by the tho club today 1 jan 12 3 and was mainly confined to tj the e propriety of winter pruning 1 apple trees druward contended for t the i le practice and wm lym S carpenter against it dr ward said that lie he had bad nothing against summer bummer pruning as regards the tree but believes it equally healthy to prune pruno in winter when labor is not so valuable and some of the best fruit cul jurists concur in this opinion include ing charles downing the doctor has observed thai that when large limbs are cut away N aig apa in summer bummer Su tha ther sap flows and scald the adjoining bark and causes it to turn black and decay such iid ild limbs cut off aftin in winter dry up and if the tree is vigorous it soon heals licals and is uninjured mr carpenter related his experience ill lii in brunin pruning an old neglected orchard in winter some of them severely th thre thyre TC sult of which was that many trees ned died hed and lie he thought it one of the very worst practices to prune close in winter phe rhe the true way however is to keep the young trees in such a condition that they will never need severe cutting at any time his best success has been to prune while the trees were in fruit it is then almost impossible to kill a tree b by mutilation ti this is proved by trees lak breaking 4 down while overloaded with fruit ifo solon ion lon robison gave some of his experience ienco lenco in pruning and has lids conic come to the conclusion atiat the best way for us is to recommend all who have old oid oroli orchards ards that need eed pruning to do it whenever they llave have time that trees are just as liable to die from severe pruning at one season a aa another a 3 r mrk TN adle had 14 e ranee rance in connecticut new york and new en jersey thought though there were ju just jurt st afif 0 days in the tile year when pru ngi not be done that is the first day of Q week but an old unthrifty orchard rd b X 71 r ex dew pew w g antl u giving it something to assist assist growth A tree th t not cannot ir be 1 sheat sheal r I 1 vid viv u I 1 d idd I 1 it just when the leaf is starting perhaps the thel bost host months are february june and july the trees that are pruned heavily for lor gra ill iii ilat ilal bett better b boi bos done early than in larm lare 0 ial 11 was bruning brunin ing an old orchard heavily in IN winter inter 0 I 1 would leave long iong spears and cut them off in june on unthrifty trees the eilas ends enda heal and sprouts grow dr ward it is a to determine e chiw when to prune and how much I 1 to prune h how w much an old oid tree tred rep rek cand bear bearl gi nd march are good months to prune though RI 1 I have in Augut t w cheni li n idrees wan eil efi iua iwuc ing lug I 1 shoula object to the recommendation to prune to spears to be subsequently cut awa away y I 1 prefer hocut cut close to the trunk at first with sharp tools 1 r i mr air elynid ely sald said t that at I 1 ha I 1 always P XU I 1 11 dd in 1 W with ce 0 t J another gentleman said that he considered it about abou t as safe to cut down an old appletree apple tree as to cut off several large jarge limbs m 5 T a i j I 1 said sald id that he had some soine large lim jim limus 1 cuta M Wit without libut injury and lie he moved an ap appl apple I 1 t r ti t was V as fourteen year years old aid aio aad at a s tt rf 7 aud and 1 il it cont continued 1 fla irm its growth U I 1 frair fr upon V p 0 the whole he thought ta the I 1 e mo moving vin did not pay that it would 1306 b 0 e t r piana plana tel iel V new trees dill unless ess the theima moving I 1 boulade cou lane laDe be pared for r 14 in autumn ancl done e in pip mip th z b nhi r 1 I 1 it 1 tt A r here nere iio ilo qt es I 1 d hgr v I 1 re the best or necessary pruning tools and what is the substance ut wounds iward nvard ardee arace ard ce alid and others gher suggested gestO a paint made mada of caw cow drop p pings and it bl a kofi artno 0 bul well weil as cheap CS t 1 3 t at banjae I 1 used d elc RIC RI cah cal if forthe P purpose ur 0 A C vering made by pruning 0 or r in any other way I 1 r nl j BEET sugar the chicago linw M ie views at sonie some length the various efi efforts made in the tho western plate klales sto s to p produce i 0 da orl e su sugar gar from beets of the most moat sue suf successful experiments 1 ants the editor says TV oft omm H osborn oborn president central railway and tr 11 bel 1 eller cher of the chicago sugar refinery imported in from europe several pounds of nelt belt ys eed of ozithe the tho b besha ugar producing sineta v I 1 M 9 wilh ahil ili lil the i bratu 1 among llon ilon the fanner sor r tan northwest b etli with a view of encouraging its I 1 culture and ascertaining the lyof thestil the soil and climate p af pf the northwest t to its ltd production doting tho the effect of the peculiarities of the soil of localities Mr Belcher bolcher tested the beets grown in diffely Iti portions of illinois wisconsin and eastern rn iowa and in all ing instances abt ur intire he most gratifying results so that ablat the entire ad adi i adaptability of the soil aud climate of these states to the cultivation of the 2 sugar ugar producing beet and thu thouc eess cess of olevery avery every intelligent effort to produce r aduce sugar lugar in paying quantities from it is placed beyond all quest questions ioni loni sm aside from this there has been one grand experiment in thi this tate conducted ducted at an expense expense of of which however it is an impossibility to obtain L thin any results from the interested parties the parties are T Genner gennert tand and brothers of new york city who after having visited europe and given tha the matter their thew personal personae pers pens examination lor located at chatsworth livingston liv egston co illinois on the line of the peoria and oquawka railroad some hundred miles from froin chicago purchasing at this place twelve hundred hundred hunared acres of land and erecting in a refinery one hundred and fifty feet long and one hundred fee feet wide twide and the main building fifty feet high supplied with all the appliances for making sugar these gentlemen prepared to test west the tild matter oil on a grand scale during the fall fali of 1863 and the spring of 1864 one hundred aorel of land were prepared and planted with seed imported t by themselves from E europe drope the season was unfavorable owing to the excessive ani lydi ye the yield of beets was believed lo 10 be about fifteen tons per acre mr beicher belcher r of I 1 leago co sugar reni refi refinery nory analyzed sonie of the beets and found them to contain twelve and one half per cent of cane sugar and three and one half per cent of soluble impurities Es t ti matin ati that athis t twelve elve eive all ali and one eli ell h iiii hai hal if i T ber der J of 0 nry wry t 1 dugar sugar eight per cent could be 06 extracted and tha that is 19 by no means all an improbable estimate estly ly la ate the yield of sugar would be over tn t twenty nty nive five hundred pounds per acre the T beets were harvested the juice t I 1 11 sa s1 i leato 1 I VI 0 ertain co 10 ahl ji R louis louls h e ry ft f li the public are not informed of the cost of I 1 dr 0 of if actual arvig V w imi 9 ajl abl t ra 1 aed wed allis t taken aken to conceal the resu t lere can be no doubt buot is one of pue aue success eess cess astl mating that instead of yielding elding eight per centak cent t octha f th b twelve and one half alf par per the beets yielded only six and one half per cent or hut hui ut a trifle over one half af pf the sugni contained and alid th their air arrangements must bust have llave been very imperfect if they the y did not succeed ill in extracting that quan llcy ticy licy 7 11 athe dt yield would be two tilo sand pounds to the acre worth five ilu liu hun huu ds the one hundred aeres acres tle tie yielded ded a product worth thousand doll dollars a nent A friend in whose observation says T mer A vve vvo ha c aly p r fi dence and who is an exact expert wip VIP t Z crip malldy na that eia lia ti last astl sp and a cuilli summer ne maue U ane D apen len ien ment ml ill ii L t he transplanted ten ellerry treet while in blossom g at four in theatto I 1 P hansplant ing one each hour until one in th fhe morning transplanted during bight blossoms 1 producing 41 irm or no fruit wahle lile ilic those planted ar during ug the darker portions maintained fully he did with ten dwarf pear trees after the tile fruit fluit was one third grawn those I 1 hoset transplanted gathe dalhed faiq iller aller heir beir wulf irujo those transplanted ra ant 1 I d during dri ni fhe the nigh night perfect A eo heir their crop and showed no injury from having with each of liese these trees he removed some earth wita witt with i ii if MADE A mise mic ake made by farmers is s tha kibre kibke than their capital will warrant war rami radi profit depends dep c 1 s marq air thoroughness and anal cultivation than on i auf land aliat liat ainther tillage if a man has lib s a larg large carita capita can employ a strong force and nas has the an and industry to direct extensive operations he can cu cultivate a large farm perhaps to a profit but jf he li has only a small capital an and d is I 1 mainly 11 lio llo limit ills liis operations ac accordingly cordin Y TJ tius rius error arof of undertaking too m macli 5 it 1 often occasions the tile waste of many good things the value of which in kate gate would amount tp a good profit on 11 the whole calt call capital ital ifal inia te farm if the wa s t 0 jv e r taa vo 1 i poll Foli Fp want of means the tile farmer is often obliged W I 1 sell at low prices and at unfavorable times this perli peril ps or at least mabesa makes 1 ife j when the same on a smal smaller ler ier farm would have obtained complete success vanual ilfan manual teal af aff agriculture U |
