| Show 4 ATLANTIC CABLE cablk the works of oatlie the telegraph and aud maintenance company formerly glass and E elliots ellioth Elli Ili lii are now the scene oi of as marvellously delicate a labor as ever yet taxed human intelligence and skill the engineer and the electrician unite all their finest energies in the accomplishment ment of an end which must be universally pronounced the triumph of our een century tury and the combined process of fashioning this wondrous coil and testing its uninterrupted conducting power throughout the entire length is an affair BO so complex as to baffle the understanding der standing of any but experts while even oven they will be moved to admiration by a i sight of the thib means adopted to ensure a perfect result powerful machinery by which some fourteen miles of the core or gutta percha coated copper wire vio aro arc wo worked aked up into bable cable every day is not the most important agency for the tons of material during manufacture must undergo the trial triai of those exquisite instruments over which the man of science bends hour after hour ready not only to detect a fault butto apprise the engineers at what exact distance in the cable it has occurred moreover the necessity of guarding against every slight inadvertence mad vertance every poss possible e ac act of mischief ise lse ie involves a constant inspection rarely exercised within the walls walis of ai it factor factory the personal characters of the workmen and of the tile persons employed to cart the large reels of core from the gutta percha works in the city road to east greenwich are the object of rigorous inquiry and in case of any defect in the cable bein being found its exact point can actually ani and infallibly be identified with the name of the workman responsible for that part of the work we shall now endeavor to give as succinctly as possible and frim from data afforded us by inspection of the work as well as by the courtesy of the chiefs 0 of f departments an account of what is 18 doing at morden wharf and a factory in I 1 its neighborhood at this last named establishment the covering for the core is fabricated from iron wire and manilla yarn which is annei annel aate wards steeped in a seething compound of tar and gutta percha if i a section of the perfected e cable be examined it will be f found 0 und to measure an inch and one eighth in diameter the seven conducting wires lying close together in the middle they are surrounded by layers of gutta percha the rings of which may be faintly discerned though they form a substantial and practical homogenous coating about a sixth of an inch thick bo so far we have the core which is supplied from the gutta percha works in sul bul the t e city road before leaving which place it has undergone the same tests which are afterwards applied during the process of covering at east greenwich in the section we shall further perceive that the core is surrounded by a close mas mass more than a quarter of aninch thick in in which are ten round spots of metal in other words the sectional ends of rod iron dron wire in fact the protecting mass will be found to consist of ton ten cios clos closely ely twisted strands of the soaked INT manilla anilla yarn each strand having iron wire in the middle it is at the separate factory then some hundreds of yards from the closing and coiling machinery at t morden wharf that this covering is manufactured fifty tons tony of the iron wire being boing used every week in combination with manilla yarn at the rate of six and a half tons a day the wiro wire is received in coils from birmingham and having been oiled is stored until wanted then it is joined very carefully by ends or ends cut transversely and fitted fitted together the machinery by which the manilla yarn is twisted round the wire is is very ingenious each machine being a long horizontal shaft or spindle with alternate discs of perforated iron and bobbins of the gold colored yarn in one set of machines the axis of the bobbins is is parallel to or identical with the spindle and the revolution is the same in rapidity as the fixed iron discs but in an improved series of mechanism above stairs this arrangement is altered the bobbins bobbins being set transversely with the tiie shaft and revolving much muelu more slowly it Is indeed a curious and rather perplexing sight to observe the difference in the two motions the discs whirling so rapidly as to render almost invisible the 0 threads of yarn passed eccentrically through the holes while ekeh thread mun Wun unwinds winds itself in the cool coolest estand and most leisurely way from the bobbins these machines will turn out miles of manilla covered wire in a it day anitis As it is twisted it goes through the hot solution above mentioned and it is then passed through a trough of water to coo cool it these little details must by the visitor by use of his own eyes for during the time of his being inside this tili factory his power of distinguishing the sounds of the human voice even if it conveyed in a shout is in abeyance tho the noise of the machinery is indeed absolutely deafening its effect on the drum of the ear being felt for a minute or two after any person unaccustomed to such enormous and indescribable indi din has lias left the building buildings I 1 at the morden wharf factory another stage of operations is commenced here the core is received on large reels and is sunk in circular openings which whichard chare are then filled with water from first to last we may here observe the cable is nail nali nall its processes of formation at this factory kept in water that any flaw haw in the coating may the more quickly be made apparent for twelve hours the coils of core are subjected to electrical tests their continuity being ascertained and their their complete isolation proved beyond a doubt malicious injury to the core in its transit from the tho gutta percha works to morden wharf would thus be defeated in its purpose by prompt detection and remedy the joining of the ends is we need hardly say about the most delicate delicate operation in the tile whole course of manufacturing the atlantic or any telegraphic cabs cabo cable cabie and whenever the electrician proclaims proclaim sa a faulty transmission mission of the current the chances area are a hundred to one that the flaw haw will be found in one of the points before being worked into cable with tho the ten strands of wire and yarn the core is wrapped in it twisted isted fold of jute which may be ehst distinguishable in ond one of those sect sections i ans that we have already alluded to and which are in some request as souvenirs the machinery by which the tho cable is twined occupies two floors the closing machines are below and they consist of large wheels or tables revolving horizontally with reels of the several strands so arranged on their margin as to maintain a relatively stationary position instead of always keeping their axes pointed to tho the centre of the motion the strands converging upwards towards a small 0 opening p e n in the roof meet and are lutc ti twisted v yr round the jute covered core and so form the entire cable which is conducted over grooved wheels another and very noteworthy department A visit to a large brewery is recalled by the appearance of this tilis place where platforms lead between large tanks or what would elsewhere be vats they are eight in number four being round and four being oval the round tanks are arc thirty four feet in diameter and the oval ones measure thirty six by twenty seven their depth is I 1 s twelve feet and they are intended as receptacles for the cable which descends into them from the wheels overhead and is coiled very neatly by manual labor each tank will conveniently hold miles of the cable but their capacity if taxed to the utmost would be found greater by some ten miles or more A stream of water constantly falls over the tile ed edge e of each tank and percolating the colls colis coils of cable finds its way into an open s space ace aee which is kept clear in the middle middie le where it rises to a level with the coil the he water tests the efficiency of the protective covering and the delicately adjusted batteries in the electricians room into which the ends of all the cables are led in one bunch proves the conducting power fo to be uninfluenced by a penetration from without A measured force is continually sent through the wires and the least defect in the insulation can thus be registered with unfailing unfailing accuracy even to its exact distance ani and degree hitherto the superintendence of this anxious work lias has been very fortunate but it has sometimes mes happened that a great length of cable has had to be uncoiled the defective joint cutout cut out and the whole made good an account is kept of the daily progress and there were miles completed on friday evening dec to to which another 12 miles would have been added by the end of the following short days work so that speaking tolerably by the card we may state that the number of miles of finished wire at this time in the tanks at morden wharf is the distance from the west coast of ireland to trinity bay newfoundland is 1640 nautical miles two of the eight tanks are nearly full and will soon won be ready for embarkation by the amethyst and iris two ghostly looking hulks which lie longside near the wharf the decks of these vessels have been knocked about considerably andin and in great part got rid of to make for tanks in will which elt olt th the e cabled cable cabie tsi guju bd I 1 it 1 I I 1 le same manner as at the tile factory the hulks when laden will bo be towed to the medway where the great eastern is now lying with three enormous tanks on board occupying by comparison with the surrounding bulk so little space as to deceive experienced eyes as to their actual dimensions the iris and the amethyst have each two tanks on board the diameter of which is somewhat less than those at morden wharf the depth being greater they will have to make nine trips to get all the cable alongside along side sido the big ship mr ilir canning and mr clifford under whose control the operations have been conducted at east Greenw greenwich ieli will accompany their precious charge on board the great eastern angwill and will direct the laying of the cable across the atlantic ocean our statement of the mileage of perfected cable gives but thit little idea of the length of all the materials taken separately for example to make up the 2300 miles of cable which allowing for various contingencies will be required miles of copper wire are used the insulating material is equal to an aggregate length of miles the jute being in ten strands will extend to miles which will also be the thle length of the iron wire and as each wire is separately covered with five twists or strands of yarn miles of the latter will be worked into info the cable making together a length of material which amounts to miles what these figures really signify may be understood by reference to the astronomical ino mical fact that the distance of miles is that from the earth to the moon london daily telegraph COLORS PRODUCED FROM UZI uj there are several fine fino colors produced from the presidium of petroleum one manufactured at the humboldt refinery near plummer in in the oil creek re region 0 n is is a bright ad fixed herculean big blue u e perhaps a shade darker but still as brilliant and is called the klum ilum humboldt boldt color the process of manufacturing it is k kept t a it secret by the discoverers who are berman german chemists no stranger is allowed to enter their works except by special permission itis stated thattie humboldt company ardy aldy produces ors from a combination of naptha and tar the refinery uses twenty six stills and probably three to four barrels of petroleum per day when running at full capacity another delicate and fashionable color a light blue called azurine as well as the now famous and popular color magenta 11 are now produced from petroleum tr oleum A fourth called rosina roaina Ko alna aina Is Is in iii bourse of experiment these colors are ascertained by dropping the oil in a certain state into water wager water by which the most beautiful hues are brought ovit pias pius oam cam WATER SUPPLY OF LONDON atthe at the beginning of the present century the water mains of the city of london were wooden the trunks of trees bored out and inno in no case of more than one foot in diameter how the metropolitan giant must have grown the size of of his present iron arteries is a proof them thel mains of the eight water comp companies companie anle anie not only supply london proper but push out far into the country invading even the agricultural districts and supplying its farms they distribute in the aggregate upward of a hundred million gallons daily through three thousand and odd mileson mailand ma inand supply three hundred and seventy five thousand houses and factories through capillary pipes upward of seven miles in length if all the water daily used in this great city were collected in one great reservoir it would cover seventy acres in extent and six feet in depth As thesper watched this great expanse of water he would see bee it hour by hour draining to the bottom by the collective millions in the metropolis as calmly and noiselessly as a cup is is drained by a dusty y road roadside side sidd traveler the collective iron iron heart the steam engines which propel this flood possess a force of not less than nine thousand horses scientific american PROGRESS OF tue TUB TORPEDO STEAM luns tors the follo a list of the U S torpedo steamers the Chimo and casco one gun each built at boston napa one gun built at wilmington naubie and modoc built ahgreen point the chimo ceimo was towed by the tug jewett from the boston to the brooklyn navy yard last week this vessel the casco and the are now being fitted with the torpedo machinery this feature of a formidable torpedo is co considered in naval circles as another advance towards perfection in the protection of our harbors and the de destruction S tru 0 tio n of the iron dads when goin going into action with them al tho though ugh nearly pearly submerged and ba haying baying ing a terrible i torpedo projecting diot riot many feet from their stern yet they are perfectly insured against any danger to tho the occupants girls AND THEIR thein tre TREATMENT A N Y paper says from intelligent physicians having extensive practice in this city we learn that of uhe the women of new york embraced ini that class whose circumstances raise rais them ethem above the necessity of labor nineteen twentieths who wiio have reached the age of thirty are seriously diseased and of their daughters nine tenths davelm have impaired health at the age of eighteen in this class of soc society letKa for the last ten years the deaths have vc exceed exceeded gd the births so that if it were not recruited by access accessions lons ions from the country or from the lower class it would disappear in in a single generation this may be bean an exaggerated ag statement and wo we care natto not to insist upon the tho figures but there is ground for alarm th the tho diseases are chiefly dyspepsia nervous affections spinal curvatures etc the causes are easily found our artificial life want of proper exercise stimulating diet emotional excitement our young ladies feast at the same table as their parents using the same luxuries and stimulants they enter into society before they enter their teens they butlin tle exercise and pf af the most injudicious kind the exercise of the lower limbs what is the remedy exercise in III the open air tho use of the broom spinning wheel the wash tub which would develop themus thamus cles of the arms and chest expand tho the lungs and pump the tile blood vigorously through the veins but buo next to a properly 1 regulated exercise girls need a |
