Show COPYRIGHT SECURED A TREATISE ON horticulture BY E SAYERS SAVERS horticulturist no 15 transplanting FRUIT TREES the planting of fruit trees has been so often written ritten and commented upon that it would seem almost unnecessary to say anything more on the subject but in order to male make my treatise complete it will be proper to give it a place under the proper head IMPORTANT suggestions the first consideration and perhaps the most important is the selecting trees and carefully taking them from the ground this by many persons is too little attended to when we mean to plant it is well to select young healthy thrifty trees the size is of no vary great consideration it bein being better to plant a small thrifty tree than one la that t is old and stunted as the former will soon make growth and be as large as the lafer laver latter iatter THE SELECTING TREES FOR PLANTING Is a simple business for atthe at the first bight sight any person can see if the tree is isi a clean healthy young pant paiit and if grafted or inoculated whether the graft is well ivell united to th the e stock and of a proportion po portion dortlon so as the stock and the part e engraved b or budded are of nearly an equal eq ual size size GRAFTING ON OLD STOCKS it is often the case that old stunted stocks have to be grafted with a cleft graft in this case the graft does not unite freely to the stock it i is s like putting young heads on old sho bho shoulders they do not match well and such trees seldom make a thrifty healthy growth THE TAKING UP TREES from the ground round should be well done that is is all the roots rots particularly the smaller fibrous ones should be preserved and not bruised or dama damaged 0 ed in taking 0 the tree from the ground grounds ROOTS AND THEIR OFFICES most rees frees have three kinds of roots first four or five fure large roots leading from the main trunk or bole of the tree these may be termed the feet of the tree as they are arc naturally intended to hold bold and keep it in irk its apri upright 0 ht and proper position from these main roots proceed small or branching roots which are intended to fasten the tree to the ground and as leaders to carry the food or nutriment to every part of the tree which is taken in by the small fibrous roots or spon gioles are intended as mouths or feeders to extract water food and the aliments ailments from the earth INJURIOUS TO DESTROY THE FIBROUS roots in taking a tree from the ground it is necessary that all the above roots be carefully preserved if the small fibrous roots are cut off which is often the case the tree will make but little or no growth the first year of planting 1 for the reason that fresh fibrous roots must it be produced before the proper food can be conveyed to the tree KEEPING THE ROOTS BOOTS FRESH AFTER TAKING UP when a tree is carefully taken from the ground the next thing to be done is to keep the roots fresh and not exposed to frost the sun or any thing that will dry up and destroy the young fabres fibres when taken from the ground the le roots of trees should always be covered over with old cloth or anything that will keep them fresh and in good order for planting m MAKING THE HOLES FOR fon PLANTING this should always be done before tak taking 1 na the tree from fron the ground so that when taken up it may be put in its ne new home as soon as possible DIGGING OUT THE HOLES Is a very simple business but like every other kne practice in horticulture it should be well done the first thing is to put down a stick precisely where you intend the tree to stand then mark out the hole from the centre allowing at least 3 feet diameter this done take out the earth one foot deed deev deep place it in two lumps one each side of the hole hoie ole oie when the moie bole hole hoie is neatly taken out crack up the bottom six six or eight inches deep in order to make the bottom mellow for the young youn ra roots to strike freely into this is a very important thing in in planting trees often neglected and the consequence is that the bottom being hard and solid the roots cannot make the proper growth hence so many trees make but a poor meagre meagre growth the first year after planting PRUNING THE ROOTS having the hole dug t and the tree taken up for planting the roots are arc to be neatly trimmed with a good sharp pruning knife to do this the workman takes the tree in his left hand and his knife in the right and cuts off the ends of the roots where they have been severed from the ground round in a neat clean manner always placing win the tile knife at the under side of the root and cutting it in a slanting direction up upwards W ards in doing this any bruised parts a are arc re also to be cut off and the roots riots are all to be p put ut in good order for planting 0 rL PLANTING THE TREE it requires two persons to plant a tree well the first person takes the tree arid and places it in the centre of the hole spreads out all the roots in their natural position the second person is ready with a spade to throw in fine earth in a regular manner over the roots care being taken that some fine earth be put under the bole or main root of the tree in many instances this is not strictly attended to and the consequence is is that a cavity is left under der the centre of the tree when the roots of the tree are all covered the planter who holds the tree gives it a gentle shake so that the fine earth may settle down among the roots in a close manner it will often be the case that a tree has two tiers of roots one above the other if it this is the case the planter should adjust the upper tier III in their proper place before filling 0 up the hole when the hole is filled the earth should be moderately trodden down in order that the fine earth may come in contact with the fibrous roots that they may cling to it arid and draw the nutriment from front the ground FALLACY OF DEVO depositing boses BONES AND OLD RUBBISH AT THE ROOTS 01 OF TREES in planting trees there are arc several things sometimes recommended to be put into the holes and mixed with the soil ag as old rags strips of leather bones etc I 1 must beg leave to disagree with this practice in lre ire the fi girst first t place all such kinds of nutriments have a tendency cy to keep the earth about the roots too dry and hot in the summer season particularly where water is not constantly at hand to keep the earth around the roots tolerably tolerable moist in the second place such nutriment I 1 iu a dry crude cruda state cannot be of any service bervice to the tile roots of the tree until the second or third year after plan ing ing 7 iio ilo HOW W TO ENRICH POOR roon SOIL it lithe the ground where trees are arc to be planted is naturally poor it will be a good system toi mix some well decomposed or rotten manure with the earth to enrich it as food for the roots to absorb the first year but the forehanded planter can take the advantage of a much better method which is to g ave i ve poor ground a good coat ot of manure one year previous to planting and work it well inlo the soil such is peili aps the very best preparation the planter can make for planting all an orchard or fruit garden ulu niu 1 SIU I SOIL UNDULY DRIED BY FRESH MANURES TO THE ROOTS OF TREES in conversation with mr dir hemenway nurseryman oc of this city he gave me some very useful practical hints on the above subjects mr if 11 says he has often tried manure nure in planting of trees and is satisfied that it is in this place a bad system unless it is i well decomposed for the reason that it dries up the earth that comes in contact with the roots of the trees which ought to be kept to tolerably drably m moist olst THE HOT SOILS OF or THE VALLEYS mr liemen hemenway way also says that he is satisfied that thal the th earn eart bin hin in this place glace in in the summer is several degrees hotter than is usual ia in any other parts of the thy states this has also a tendency to dry up bp the tm mo moisture liture around the roots of the trees I 1 EXTRA CARE CAKE TO BE OBSERVED IN preserving THE SMALL FIBRES AND IN lix SETTING OUT TREES in the removal of a tree from the nu nursery asery to its ita new home every care should be taken to preserve all the small roots I 1 in n an un uninjured in j ared state before planting and to prepare the earth in the hole around the young fabres fibres in such a manner that it comes in close contact with them when trees are carelessly plant planted elby eiby by throwing wini winf I 1 into the hole large clods of earth old ras rags and rubbish the young roots cannot absorb their wonted food from the ground round owing to the fact that such loose suli sult substances absorb and otherwise withhold the moisture from them in regard to the distance trees are to be planted apart little can be baidas baldas it will entirely depend on circumstances I 1 will however point out one thing to those thase who have but a small space to plant the plum the apr aar apricot cot and the peach ma may y be considered as domestic falit that is appropriate appropriate to plant around the house the p plum um always thrives well when planted near a ditch s qu gutter tt er or where water is present the peach always does better away from such places the apricot is destined to be one of the best fruits in the valley and should find a place around every dwelling indeed I 1 will here predict that utah will be the land of apricots and I 1 doubt not that we shall ere long have ag as many varieties early and late as the peach or any other fruit TIME OP or rL PLANTING there has been much written by different horticulturists on the best time of planting trees some preferring pre fering the fall others again alain persisting that the spring is the best time the theory may however be reduced into a very small compass in the south where the winters are mild almost any tree can be planted in the fall with perfect safety when the young wood is well ripened and the leaves fall from the tree inthe in the north it is not advisable to remove any tender tree in the fall as the severity of the winter has always more injurious effects on transplanted trees than those for this reason I 1 would prefer the planting of 0 peach trees in the spring sprin g but edt as to apples plums I 1 pears etc e t tl there jere is no potent reason wh why y they should not be P planted canted in the fall if necessary on condition d that the wood is well ripened and the thet work is well doue CAUSE or TREES DYING HYING AFTER BEING transplanted in many instances trees are lost in lail laii fall fail planting byrad by bad management perhaps they are bruised and torn at the ends of the roots if planted in this state such wounds will not heal well in the winter they often become mouldy bouldy and rot and the consequence isi ig even eveni it if the tree should live it does not make a free healthy growth SPRING TILE THE BEST TIME EOR TP transplanting it is of great importance to the planter that the wounds of the roots heal well wel and form a callous for the young they generally do when the cut heals freely and for this very reason it may perhaps basald be said sald the spring is the best time lor tor planting about the time the ground ia is b beginning ezi binin to be warm and the sap is le beginning 0 o annin to circulate in the tree itis it is then that tha t the 1 loots that are severed from the thel ground heal most freely and the fabres fibres cling to tb the tile new soil and moie more freely draw their wonted nutriment for the tile support of the tree IN PLANTING LARGE TREES when the ground is dry it is a good to dash a pail pall i I 1 or two of water into the hole when about half ulf rif filled with earth the object of f this being to drelich drench the earth under the centre or or bole of the tree which without this i tion is left hollow and the consequence is that the roots do not strike into the ground freely nor does doea the trea tret stand so firm in its position STAKING AND TRIMMING THE tors TOPS I 1 I 1 it is also a good plan to put down a good 0 stake to large trees in order that they may remain firm in their gl places aces particularly if they i havelange have hav large elarge tops op which I 1 ch should be reduced to a moderate size so as to equalize with veith the roots when too much top is allowed to remain it often acts as a lever so that every wind u mind ind keeps the tree in motion and the roots be being I 1 ng thus thug continually loosened have little chance to cling 0 to the ground yoa Poa curiosity the ile montreal gaa gat ga t nite vite mentions a tree in a garden near that city upon which may be seen six diffie different rent stati of vegetation viz a branch buddin budding 0 on ort one branch the opening 0 blossom on a second full fall bloom blossom on a third the fruit just set on a fourth an apple about the sze of a par f arid bridges C els e egg on the fifth the last remaining a witness of a late though prior blossoming bloss oming and high seated above all on one ol 01 of the topmost branches a healthy full fuli sized gizea appe apple of the true crop which appeared and ana formed for at the usual season thi this extraordinary anomaly is thought ta arise from the peculiarity of the past si abon ason from the tree haling having experienced experienc BO many su sudden adden checks directly influencing the cropin its progress pi ogress progress to maturity from the frequent and extreme variations of or temperature to Us which it has been subjected |