Show how cane sugar is grown and made no 1 I one of the editors of the american aurist who since the commencement of the present year has been residing in louisiana prepared the following interesting article being the first of a series which we ve copy from the april number of that journal it contains valuable suggestions 11 to those who live in the cane grow arow t row ing latitudes and will be read with interest by all ali we visited yesterday one of the largest and best m managed an sugar plantations in the vicinity of new orleans this staple crop Is confined to a comparatively small territory rit 0 ry tet yet in any other country than this the soil adapted d to cane culture would be thought extensive for it embraces the larger part or of louisiana and the regions in the same latitude leinz along the gult gull ot of mexico and the streams that empty into it though the season Is 13 not sufficiently long for the plant to toi attain its full maturity and tu to yield its largest product ot of sugar yet under the protection of our ta tarin taris rills the planters of louisiana are I 1 able to compete with those of the west india islands in our markets large fortunes have been amassed in this department of cot agriculture and anil the bu business sinew sineo under bader favorable auspices Is perhaps more largely remunerative tir ill than an any other branch of husbandry the soils best lest adapted to this plant are the bot bottom tonn torn ands of the mississippi and other streams emptying into he gulf of mexico this great river for sonn somi forty miles olles below new orleans Orlean sj and for many miles above shoves Is ined lined with plantations devoted mainly to sugar no other staple stapie Is cultivated where sugar can be made ably he plantations with their neat mansions and their slave lave quarters their barns and sugar houses bouses are the features of the river scenery as yoa yon pass up from be ballee to the city the whole bank of the river rivers for i mile or two back Is cleared and the cane fields of one state tate join those of ano another thery in almost unbroken iod slon such a wide expanse of cultivated fieldly field all devoted devotee 0 one crop can hardly be found on any other part of our territory errit orv such a sea of tropical verdure in the full lux orlance of summer Is one ol 01 the grandest spectacles la this his great valley THE maksion MANSION AND out there la is much greater sameness la in the dwellings and anil surroundings of the husir suar plantations than on those of lor thern farms this ts Is owing mainly to the monotony if of the cou con country ritty and to the similarity of circumstances la which the planters are placed every one relies upon lugar tor for his bis money every one uses slave labor deither delther an and or represents a large capital invested in his busl bust in a description of the house and buildings of the plantation lust just visited 2 you yog have a good idea of all the plantations on the lower mississippi the tile Is a large two story situated just inside of the levee embankment that Is raised on both banks to guard against floods in the river A road passes along in front of the house running nearly parallel to the niver river and this Is usually the only road in the region the country on all sides Is seemingly a perfect levela level levei but really back from the river two or three feet lik lil a mile in front of the house Is a spacious yard planted with fruit and ornamental trees As we alighted from the carsy car a bright little yellow boy was in waiting to conduct us to the house we entered through a gate and passed up through a broad avenue owed oft ed with stately elms on either side tide of the elms were orange trees in row some ten or twelve feet apart and beyond these were the arbor vite and occasion occasionally dlly illy the which here nates makes a large stocky shrub eight or ten feet high another servant of still lighter colors coldir received us at the foot of the gallery or piazza stairs and conducted us to his master there Is a broad gallery protected by the roof roofs extending the whole bhole front and in some houses it goes crear clear round this gallery answers the purpose of a reception room and Is perhaps as much frequented during the day as any apartment within doors the white family live and neep deep upon the upper story taking their meals la in a spacious dining room below tb th parlors were comfortably but not extravagantly furnished not as wiil will as we have often seen among the more thriving small farmers of the north there was a piano and music and a tew lew books aud aad newspapers the negro quarters were just south of the mansion manslow man slon sion flon slon la in another large yard these were mostly of bricks brick furnished with a projecting roof la in hont fronts and made double to accommodate 0 m m date two slave families each they had no do alc klc round yards r d sa around them tor for cultivating garden vegetables as Is quite common upon the cotton plantations Inthe in rherar rear of the quarters were the coopers and bud the blacksmiths hops shops establishments found upon all the large plantations there was also a large tarda tarn here where the ule mules uIe and aud oxen are tabled stabled this plantation consists of twelve thousand acress acre only obly about twelve hundred of which are cultivated cultivate cL it costs oost cost several years since two hundred and forty thousand dol ars there are one hundred and sixty slaves upon it out of which there are only ninety three full hands they thy are worked by tasks and one that does a whole dally daily task passes for a full fall hand haud of the boys and women some do three quarters of a task some one haily hairy halt half ald slid the youngest only one quarter the product for this year will be only eight hundred hogsheads hog of sugar of one thousand pounds each and about five hundred barrels of molasses the sugar made mada here la Is of the finest quality and the best grade sells at a hundred dollars a hogshead the only other important crop raised Is indian corn of which thousand bushels were harvested this was grown contrary to the usual practice among the ganes eane and of course diminished the yield of sugar the grinding was finished on the of january the deason season continues fr for three or four months and Is the most busy and joyful upon the hie plantation immediately upon the close of t the e sugar making the preparation for tor a new crop begins the planting teason season extends from the tha middle of january to early in march preparation OF SOIL all these sugar ugar lands are what may be termed swamp the soil eoll however la Is very different from t landet formes formed un anler ler ier other circumstances it ills Is inot not made up exit exclusively ively of the decay f plants growing upon the spot but very largely of the wash and noat foat flood 0 the river all the foils from rora rota the Alleg hanles to the rocky hocky mountains have sent in their contributions to the delta ot of the mississippi the levee protects the lands against gagnat the river then drains are dug running at t right angles to the river and discharging into tte swamp two or three miles dista dl it on some of the plantations a levee Is algo alro made upon the swamp side and a steam pump Is used to discharge dis the there can be no doubt of the econ economy oiny olny of steam drainage for not only is the yield ot of cane very much larger but bet it makes more eu sugar ary arp and of 0 battet bett uett quality by taking the water out of 0 the land the temperature Is rained raised and a greater length of cane becomes fit for grinding the soil Is what would be called a rich clay loam without any ny subsoil it Is a all ali black loama loam to the bottom of 0 nhat va hat used to be the gulf of 0 mexico in places the clay Is so pure pura that it Is burned into bricks the material for making tasking tile Is abundant ani and the day can not be distant when a soil that so much them will receive their ameliorating influences but though steam drainage li to so profitable even with the open drains it Is not emp employed oyed the plantations are usually purchased upon credit and worked with reference to immediate results the profits for the year are expended in liquidating debts or la in purchasing more stock and negroes rather thin than in improvements of a permanent character THE PLOWING follows immediately upon the clearing of the drains this operation diners differs a good deal upon different dafft rent plantations according to the intelligence of the cultivator here nere the breaking up was done by a heavy team of elx els or eight mule and a deep tiler turning a sod rod tw twelve lve iva or fourteen inches thick others are content with six or echt elahi tri Iti clies ciles winter plowing that Is la in december and early in january Is practiced upon some plantations and slight an ap the freeti are here tbt they y are found to berit berie benefit git fit the succeeding crop in breaking up and planting anew a new piece of swamp land the cane grows to so luxuriantly that it does not get ripe enough at the usual time tima of outline cutting to make good bujar rugar the richest cane Is 16 upon old meadow THE PLANTING the cane has ba a perennial root and after the stalk italic matai tules 8 nw new shoots snoots are ate sent up in congenial soil and climate it doeg does not attain its full maturity under a year and the ripening of its seed feed Is said mid to require fourteen months month tili till function termed Is only performed in a steadily stradley stra dlly dily hot climate it Is eitrem ly sensitive to the cold coid and with the first frota trod stops its growth freez ng dis organizes the sap and makes it worthless tor for ugar usar As frosts are common in all parts of loul LOUi louisiana SlAna siana during our winter months the tha plant never att attalis altis it maturity immaturity here not more than thu hait half of the stalk Is fit fat for grinding in the west indies it mat matures and so great an advantage li ii this fact that a similar growth of the cane there will leid i leid twice or three times as much sugar an acre there will alel biell I 1 from three to six thousand pounds while in the average Is not over one thousand nothing buethe but the extraordinary fertility of these bottom lands enables us to grow sugar at all after the ground Is lip plowed and arid b harrowed drills are opened with a double mo d bard plow seven feet fret apart they are put at thid this thi distance not only to meet the wants of uie the plant but to facilitate cultivation which Is performed with a pair of mule an I 1 the plow in thene these drills cane cine stalks are planted which have been kept over for the purpose they send up shoots from the jants on 00 tiia the heat bestman hestman managed aged ased plantations this cane cne Is selected front froni the ripest of the crop and li Is put up in beds and protected from the froit troit frost with its own leaves thise beds bem are called mattresses and are to be seen been upon all the fields at this season they are about two feet high and about a rod in width the beds are arc opened at tile the planting seaf on and snit the canes comes out most and the eyes at the joints joint I 1 swelling welling or Ep routIng sprouting the immature tops are cut off and the stalks are loaded into cartia carts carty and dropped near the furrows where they are to be planted the carts used for this purpose are anch like tue one horse carts of the north but are served with three muis one in the shaft and one upon each side the belaus are generally gner ally aily young africa 32 rast fast ld from fifteen to twenty who are full of mettle them themselves selves stIves and love to put the mules uron upon ci on their mettle the slaves usually work in three gangs at the plant planting hig big the first of the younger and weaker bands take the cane cace from f rom the cart and lay near the drills drill the second laying it in order and the third covering it with hoes froes the canes cawa are laid in the drills 1 rills either two or three abreast in such a manner as to break joinis joints they are covered about an in inch and anda a hait balt deep the hoes used are very heavy clumsy articles it Is claimed and pro pru probably bibly with truth that the light hoes such as answer a good purpose upon our roughest suits guild would not last laborers here a single day where not a stone can be round found upon the plantation the above course ig to pursued upon a new piece of land the cane will continue to sprout several years from the old root roots and where the planter can avail himself ol 01 this advantage a large expense for cutting i and for labor li is saved one acre will only furnish about cane tine enough to plant tour four acres As the planting has to be renewed once in three years it takes lakes a twelfth part of every crop for seed cane in the west indies ladies they can grow eight such ce ulve crops from one planting the sprouting of cane from the old stumps is called rationing ing 9 they grow with much ls less vigor eath cath eau eai h successive year yeary and it Is not fund found profitable to continue cont lune iune theme them after the mild in this climate in this respect it will be seemy seen that our planters have to pursue their burl bule einess siness under cader a great d movant age ase ito to be continued farmers as well as others sometimes some timea d g wein well the michigan farmer gives the following which aich we doubt not is reliable and may prove valuable though P we are not aware that the damps BB to they are commonly called have ever been found to exist echlin in a well in thia this altitude aill alli tude they are seriously fatal in some bome localities faben tW benty henty by letting down a burning candle it is found hat that a well contains carbonic scid add it is only necessary tc to pour your down a of limewater to take lake J up ans and nd if a person lies senseless at the botu both m till this 11 Is the beat if not tle ile the lie only means tj him trum irum certain death and it Is infallible A horse that in if his astall kicked every within reach to pieces esk esi ll 11 says kays tile the homestead was cured by fastening fattening two feet of trace chain to each hind foot thus obling him to punish himself every time he kicked 1 1 1 hungarian grass is laid to grow and beld best on oil a dry upland |