Show THE OGDEN STANDARD EXAMINER —SUNDAY MORNING DECEMBER 23 1934 guy By Robert D Potter from an assassin Progress is so rapid in the art of sending news photos by radio that present expensive methods of transmission are likely to be obsolete in a very short time gun kill of Yugdslavia by alert news photographers at the scene of the crime in France appear the next day in American newspapers thanks to radio and wire transmission A miracle— yes I But only of photographs the forerunner of things to come in the field of BULLETS picture transmission New receivers for unscrambling radio wave which carry the pictures and even new type of radio waves never before utilized commercially offer the possibilities for an attractive future in the field of radio facsimile transmission When that day comes— and it is not far ahead — present systems of picture transmission may seem as antiquated as the model T Ford does to its current offspring and its competitors There is more than an even chance that by the new developments in the field of facsimile transmission single pictures may be received at such speed that they will come to “life” and become television in a practical sense Miracle that it is radio facsimile transmission of pictures works best — at present — across oceans where it cuts days to hours in bringing a picture to a receiving newspaper Yet the hours- - of time still required consist of more than 99 per cent details of transmission and receiving and only a brief instant in actual transit Radio waves remember travel 186000 miles a‘ second The present arrangement is like dropping a completed jig-sapuzzle from the Washington Monument It comes apart at impact with the ground and must be reassembled The time of transmission from top to ground is but a small fraction of the time for the complete w job a Washington Monument so tall days to walk down it and one sees the gain in time by the present “breaking-up- ” For the real monument it is arrangement will faster everyone agree to carry the puzzle down intact The present arrangement of facsimile transmission by this picture is useful for very "long monuments” equivalent to the width of the For the situation in the Atlantic Ocean United States it is but little faster to break up a picture into radio signals and reassemble it at the receiving end not at least when great PICTURE 3 o electrical engineering and radio development See what happens in a radio station when an important picture such as the Morro Castle disaster or the assassination of King Alexander is about to be transmitted across the ocean by wireless of light plays back A tiny brilliant and forth across the photograph which has been wrapped around a slowly moving cylinder and moves with it Closely adjacent to the light source is a small photoelectric cell Where the light beam strikes the blacks in the photograph little light is reflected and picked Where white or light up by the photocell Thus grays occur the reflection is stronger as the picture is “scanned” bit by bit the photocell generates an electric current whose strength is a measure of the blackness or whiteness of each section of the j picture The changing photocell current is of course most minute but nearby amplifiers “pep it up” enormously until it is capable of changing or modulating the signal being sent out by the transmission aerialThis puts l pin-poi- nt o of making carbon copies on a typewriter for the photographic prints Compare the time and cost of making a carbon copy and a photo print and the reader will realize why the former brings in the important low cost and speed angle however In Engineer Young’s method film there is no photographic being exposed Instead the a light spot piece by piece by rotating cylinders simply have a paper “sandwich” fixed to their surface consisting of two sheets of white paper with a carbon between mwwmMwww v i r V i &V cS-- them C' y Y ' $A i m &&&? 57 r 7 C Young son of famous Owen D Young shows the simplified facsimile recorder which he devised — and which eventually will probably sell for as little as $30 J -- prri : - TACSIMILE gr- cza: - a Eh equipment today is not selling for $30 but many times that amount It is an intricate combination of photography ' - - on the air and flashes it to its destination in a fraction of a second Now jump over to the receiving station In its essence the receiving process is transmission in reverse The incoming picture signal is weak and first must be amplified millions of times A home radio receiving set does the Instead of worrying about making same thing pictures however it produces oscillations in a loudspeaker the picture veloping it must naturally in darkness Instead of a fluctuating light beam varied by the incoming picture signal a helical stylus presses against the top white sheet of paper Where the radio signal says in effect “here is black” the stylus presses heavily against the paper and the carbon afad thus transfers a black mark to the bottom sheet Where the signal says “here is white or light gray” the pressure on the stylus is removed or reduced and the carbon wax is transferred lightly or not at all to the bottom sheet carbon copy method removes at one all talk of photographic development of the picture all need for an auxiliary monitor sprayed-in- k apparatus and the need for light beams for exposing the film Mr Young’s device may not be the final form of facsimile receivers but it is relatively More important simple and cheap to operate the rapid progress of the art which is gaining momentum so fast that the investor in depresent equipment might well await future -velopment to avoid the installation of what— tomorrow— may be obsolete equipment Coupled with Mr Young’s receiver as typifying progress in radio picture transmission is waves for the development of the micro-radi- o commercial use Microwaves as they are called for short are the smallest radio waves which science has yet teen able to produce with vacuum tube equipment THE If vX fac--sim- ile the waves for sound broadcasting of meters long — thousands of feet from crest to crest— microwaves are measured in inches They are far shorter than the shortwaves used by radio amateurs measuring 50 or 70 feet in length waves Strangest characteristic of micro-radi- o fact-that focused like be is the light they can with strongly directional effect Ordinary broadcast radio waves are sent out Much of their energy if in all directions wasted Where thousands of watts of power are sent out only- a few thousandths of one watt are received in your home set However the microwave’s range of usefulness is limited by the distance of the horizon From a tall skyscraper like those of New York 50 or 60 miles transmission is the maximum Scientists of the Radio distance possible Corporation of America will get around this difficulty by having “booster” stations every 60 miles in a countrywide network linking the large WHERE are ££? cities like New York and Chicago are but a little more than three hours apart by airplane What lies ahead for facsimile transmission may be just as great an improvement over the present systems as tfie latter are over picture transmission via ocean vessels across the Atlantic If present methods cut days to hours future devices should cut hours to minutes and seconds Already pictures have been transmitted experimentally in five minutes which would require more than an hour by the present transmitting system And the end is not in sight yet Thus the future holds more than a hope that a time will come when radio facsimile transmission will serve as useful a place in American news photo distribution as present facsimile systems occupy in the trans-ocean- ic field And however small could enjoy every newspaper the benefits of the new methods' Already facsimile receivers are available which might cost only $20 or $30 if placed in production on a commercial instead of an experimental basis I be carried out so-call- ed - ' cities ( While booster stations will involve expenditures of large amounts of money for equipment the development will berworthwhile because of freedom from static Only on microwaves where static does not occur can facsimile transmission be accomplished with 100 per cent success all the time Present radio photo transmission yields pictures which if taken in the home town of the They newspaper would seldom be 'printed and lack blurred are often tencj to b$ smudgy detail They are used because of their great news interest and to some extent because of their novelty at the present time photographers and Everyone publishers reading public alike wishes to- have them better Greatest of the jadvantages which microradio waves will bring to facsimile transmission is an increase of detail in the resulting picture Micro waves should bring as big an improvement in radio pictures as a fine magazine photo engraving screen does compared to a very coarse '50-line The little dots characteristic screen of the latter disappear in fine photo engraving because the dots while still existent arc so close together the eye cannot resolve them - So that the operator will know what is WVV‘ 3 going on however a crude auxiliary sysI tem produces a rough replica of the picture by spraying ink from a small nozzle ii on to paper The thickness and blackness 1 4 Vv' $ v of the applied ink are varied with the inThis novel monitor device coming signal in daylight and in substance the operates a cv ink spray takes the place of the' light beam exposing the photographic film in the receiver consists of a rotating cylinder sealed darkened apparatus at the same prearranged speed in its research laboraR C On its sur-a- n as that of the transmitting station film Camden tories N at face is J has realized that Again unexposed photographic the device just described was not perfect a point of light scans its surface with an inor the ultimate in picture transmission tensity changing as the incoming signal modumean those variations lation varies Remember Progress in the art has been steady Charles J Young one of their research degrees of black and white and the H form has new a engineers just perfected grays of facsimile receiver which is a step toward lurririfiW Gradually as the film turns the entire surthe $30 receivers previously mentioned face is exposed to the pin point of light and Focused the proparlies of lightYoung Mr Young —son of Owen D when developed in a dark room resembles closely radio waves act An exhibit showing how ultra-shoThe whole with mirrors they are sent out in a parallel beam reflected off a sheet of metal and picked the original “master Young —has improved the photographic picture up with a second mirror by the substitution of thet principle process of exposing the film bit by bit and de (Copyright 1934 by Every Week Magazine and Science Service! 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