| Show Z t I 1 dwir tin ir places than bir ek dwi at least some en eit aers say they have given proof of their B lucers cef lit in tile ali of very r bridiga rd gei gA travelers lit iu switzerland spi sarali ak with of then the w ire bridge at F freyburg rey burg lit in which the apan aiom pier to i er is nearly nine bundred feet in chich 4 bieh the plat platform forin is nearly a vanty feel fee tile water which platform Is Is aup supported ported by four cables each consisting of more than a ebous nd lid iron wires they speak loo of mother iron bridde across tie the gorge at Got terou but those bridges have been out done by others which have recently recen ly been thrown across the die knighty niagara owing to anbry kattire of tile fulls alls and rapids and bolling boiling eddies ben ath with a san pan of 61 from froin shore to shore at and i d a height e i of two hundred I 1 and sixt sixty y feet above tile the water a light all and d ble elegant alit bridge presents its delicate delic itri tracery of wi wirework wire re work aik oik against the sky near the great north at american in erica fals falls iu in an ail extraordinary manner i t 0 4 41 it is a brave affair to make tit an elect electro ro telegraph i ic cable we are accustomed to stich things now but two or three years ago they were won wonders deris to he be tit at when lesses less rs newall produced the wire ire oali and tile gutta percha Coin company pany produced the gutta bercha work for lie anglo angie french arine telegraph in tile lie summer of eighteen hundred and fifty one the achievement was worthily recorded asan us an homr to oui our age many of those who iio read ills sheet will ri remember that the iho cable w was as twenty four miles lo 10 g that ll 11 al it ess essentially initially of four foar copper copper wires ineida ted in a bed of gutta the alio strand or cord thus formed was was bound round lightly y with spun yarn and roll round nd this tin s str strand ind as a central core wore wore twisted twister tell leu wh wires es A hugh ina mass X a it was for wit when en all completed it formed a coil thirty feet i in it di arter on 1 the ont outside side fifteen oil the inside five feet high and weighing a hundred and eighty ions A great work ork was the manufacture bf this lads cable in tile the first place at them the aulta croba con companas Comp pati anys ys works about a hundred miles of copper wire in fair equal lengths ivere were coate coated dand and coated ag agai ai A i with wilh tal tins is singular I 1 gum and theu then they were ivere transferred to a cable making factory at tile four coated wires vve were grouped regrouped and wei were hound round gitil w illi hempen h pen yarn ru 4 steeped in hi ii a i s lution alution or of I 1 tar and I 1 jw w by t the ie aid 0 of f a machin tins this rope rope if it alay acio called w was as passed vertically vard cally up lip I 1 a otibe around which were ivere ten large bobbins fined filled with iron wire and whilce the rope folio was upward and the ll bobbins nv were rc busily roi tatina on their ax s the wi wire lre nin vinding from the bo boulias boulins bou Lins bUns coiled itself in a hard N twist adoli around lid tile the idad rope corn compassing passing lie he hemp and tile guffa percha closely losely without allowing tile all important copper copped telegraphic in the centre to come coine iu lit contact AN ith one another I 1 I 1 and so again in eighteen hundred and fifty th re when the still more remarkable line iline of thought was prepared to stretch from england to belgium gium the calais cable hus a four copper fele e e wires but the llie belgian cable lins has six tile calais cable is enche led by tell tisted tI aisted sted wires but blit the belgian cable is encircled by twelve the length of the former is twenty dounn iles but of lie file latter jatter the length js is upwards of sev seventy eilly of tile former the weight is a hundred lit adred and eighty tons but or of tile the latter not much less bess than five hundred tons I 1 for alight that is yet h known dowil the lie wire dr drawers awers and wire t twisters could 4 do 0 their part towards the construction of a submarine telegraph across tile atlantic itself if the difficulties in other directions can be skir surmounted mounted I 1 the internal copper wires for these and other telegraphs are sometimes coated with gutta percha in a way tile the en engineer gincer who about six I 1 I 1 years ago haid iid joau down four or f five ive hundred anile a ot of telegraph from berl n to frankfort on the main thus coated I 1 their wire they had a box or sinal small I 1 ch chamber miller with I 1 eight small holes on oil one side and eig eight lit larger holes ho leson the opposite tile ihly put pat eight copper wires in at ti the I 1 e small sinal I 1 hol holes esaud and out again at tile the larger they forced in liot hot gatta perdu percha by a blat piston oil and forced out ont the eight 11 wires each with 1 a I close wrapper of gutta p rc rc li lie fie who would know kilow all the forms into which wire is now twisted and woven even and linked must rise bet betimes inies and give a L 1 wg mig day to it if he e must look at the wire netting fenc pa for excluding ciares arcs and anbi ral ilits its from gardens for inclosing poultry yards and pheasant ries and for guarding tender young plants he must see how this wire is galvanized galvanised galvani sed for some settle purposes to render it dura 1 blo ble without painting or tarring re he must know something a bout about the very strong u wire ire aie ting confining sheep awl anil doi and tile the various kinds used for avarico trellis work vork flower in dow guards guard and skylight skylight and wire fecci fencing 11 g of a more ornate character for gaikens and plea siro e grannas gron ids nas and wiro wire 0 something Bomel liing like I 1 iorge arg re birj elges and ami phea pheasant nd lid lien coops and lid wiro wire garden hardeis around flower beds and par terries and hire iro plant guards encircling the young plants aija sili shielding elding dwin alem from froin all inoru ders and stronger tree iree made to open at ati tile the sides Ther The oare roure too wire fences willi idi or without t wire attached wire i and summer it finier houses wire umbrellas or canopy p abou arou around lid and over which roses may cluster chister in the middle widd leof of a flower bod bed wire flower stands for conservatory argreen or greenhouse green house or hit hall wire chabis and garden bauts sauts wire wire giuze ganze blinds wire bird edges wire fire agn guards ards and fenders ii wire ire lamps avd and lanterns lan wire pleat meat covers and meat ineat safes wire wire lattice for cases and will windows aos wire sieves and ati ahiers wire vire cloth for flax dressing i I 1 and papermaking paper making tile the wire ganze is is a pretty material matei ial woven in a loom it were some fi brens arbir material we have hava seen been brass wire gruzo aize so exquisitely fine as to have lauve seven cl thousand usand meshes it in a shai square re aneli Our OUT readers are not nol unfamiliar with the sad narratives rat ayes of coal epal pit explosions davy lamps and firedamp firedamp I 1 yet we may a dozen cozen lines lilles or so 0 to explain liow low it is hat iron wire plays so lit in a part pak in tile alie clever but neglected contrivances for lessening such disasters in graat coal fields of our northern counties I 1 tile he seams of coal grive give forth large of car liu bu retted hydro hydrogen gei coifed by tile miners fireda firedamp fire da damp gnp this firedamp fire damp daina mingles readily with willi c ennion air and a certain ratio between the t two produces an e explosive campoll compound ila and when a light approach es 03 such a compound an explosion oil ensues which produces the alie devastation so often recorded iu in the newspapers even while we now write public attention is directed to a dread cal calamity amity whereby lie nearly ly a hundred human hanian creatures in one pit have been destroyed by an ail explosion of firedamp fire damp it was to guard against these awful scenes that sir humphrey davy invented his beautiful si safety aty lamp ifa it a fine gauze be woven of iron wire the iron cools the flume flame too foo much to allow it to pass pass the gauze davy therefore said if zia miners adners lamp be surrounded by iron wire gauze nud and the fired fire d amp imp passes through and I 1 lie e comes kindled tile flume cannot come out again gail but becomes cooled and extinguished and air ignited gas passes on out t instead thereby preventing the fired fire d damp mi in ili the rest of f the mine from becoming ignited he was right in ili dr clan nys improvement on oil davys lamp me wire gauze has about thirteen hundred ine meshes in the square inch ta principle is sound and beautiful but the practice is sadly overlaid with negligence and blunder the g ld lace affords a pretty prett y exemplification of tile making and aid using of wire gold lace however is not gold lace forthe for the gold is buta covering for silver luce lace and indeed the sili aili ver lace is not silver lace for tile silveris silver is but e a covering vel r ing for sil klace A knotty enigma er gold lace may be consides consi dei ed as asak a kind indof of ribbon of which the coarse and weft are of silk coated with gilt silve how the metal becomes gradually thinned an anil thinned until fit to perform its Is work it is curious to see first a good stout rod of dolid silver Is prepared perhaps an ail inch in thickness by a co couple tiple of feet in length the rod is heated a layer of 0 leaf gold is placed upon it this layer is burnis burnished bed down another bayer ii placed and burnished and another and another and anoche several layers of gold lat hut a trifle after all for to a pound of silver there may perhaps be not more than a hundred grains of the more precious metal then is alie gilt silver rod annealed and drawn successively through many holes in a steel plate until reduced I 1 to a slender rod of about on one 0 fifth of an inch in ill diameter the gold like the silver becoming elongated as it becomes thin thinned tied then the xv wiredrawer ire takes it and draws draw and draws until the slender blender rod becomes a minute wire using holes pierced rul rulka ls when tho the u alre ire be bacon corres es I 1 11 bi very fine indeed and then tile the wire is flatt flattened eved and is wound or spun upon a silken thread and the threads be ao made are woven woven or of braided into a ribbon but of what thickness is the silver wib wie with which the silk is encased it seldom exceeds tile the size of a delicate hair A and nj of what thickness thick ness is the gold with which the silver is en eased arithmeticians Arithmetic ians avid and jurers have laid their heads together and have come to a conclusion cl that the gold on the finest gilt silver wire wire does not exceed in ill thickness one third of a mil lionte of an in chand yet it is j and homo home genus genits without breaks even when viewed under the power power of a moderate microscope A little slate and pencil iii cil work will sho show that I 1 if a coined sovereign could be beaten or drawn out to this most inconceivable degree of anesA l donld form a ribbon an inch lit in width and long enough the crystal Crry stal palace at t liam hain wings and towers lowers and all Fi lagree is ia another pretty kind of wirework wire work silver wire or gold wire or wire is here twisted into fantastic and artistic forms partly by the fingers and aid partly by small tools and machines some of tile he productions in ill this art especially those klioze produced lit in italy and in india are wonderful for tha patience bi bestowed stowed upon apen them it is care ay iy E englehart D ii it art e ea a em to be too busy aid Inist bustling ling to bestow these abe wire wife is vel y thin but of course much exceeding the thickness of the film of gold ou on tile the silver wire for gold lace lac si 1 perhaps tile the thinnest slimiest Sli bit of wire wi reever ever aclO actually ully made and isolated was that produced by doctor wollaston a i 14 philosopher who hae an nary knack of doing things winch which tw lid one else cot could id do lie he procured procured as asdall niall rod of silver we he bored a little lie liole e through it from end to end lie he inserted into this liole hole the smallest platinum tit wi wire lie could procure lie subjected tile tho silver rod to nire ire drawing processes until uncil it became the finest 0 of f silver wires with a platinum filani filament ent running along its centre lie dissolved the die silver in ili warm nit 1 rods acid ond and eliere renial remained ned aw exquisite little littie plat platinum ionni wire one thirty thousand of nn inch in ill thickness I 1 I 1 |
