Show OGDEN PITY UTAH SUNDAY MORNING FEBRUARY 19 1928 1—B Blizzards Hunger and Disease Haunt Antarctic Events :In Inclija issue Religious Comes To For eln Survivor Recalls errible Experiences of South Pole Expeditions Causing Concern tiB ritam 'bS-G erman iepu fbiic T3 HO By MILTONi BROXNER JVKA Serviep Writer Feb 18 — Three timea By DR GUSTAV STOLPER Noted German Editor and Economist Consolidated Press Association) (Copyright Feb 18— The German government coalition has BERLIN! the parties in the coalition having been unable to reach an) agreement on the question of school laws For the first time in decades the fact that the German people are divided on the subject of the confessional has become important in domestic politics 1928 of th3 German About people are Protestants and about one-thir- d are Catholics The Jew ish and other minorities are so small that they can be disregarded Religious differences for centuries were decisive for Germany's fate In the battle for supremacy between Prussia and Austria which was finally decided in 1866 in Prussia's favor the Catholic federated states were on Austria's side and two-third- s the Protestant states on Prussia's FRANCE FEELS OF ELECTIONS side In southern and western GerBamany — Bavaria Wurtemburg CathoRhineland— 4he den and the lics predominate In the north and' east it Is the Protestants World Affairs Affected By Entrance of Politics In Bismarck's Germany the Catholics were practically excluded from leading positions in the empire It was Bismarck who waged the "kultuf kampf" against the German Catholics for years It was then that German Catholicism organized politically and since then the center party has been the kable-parliamentary fortress of the church- One sees again that religious conflicts leave the deepest traces on the development of peoples sinve what is happening in Germany toof those day is still the after-effect- s Bismarcklan conflicts Now when the peoples party refuses to accept a law desired by the Catholics it simply follows the old tradition established in (he Bismarcklan days when the national liberals the fathers of the present people's party were Bismarck's main supporters in the "kultur kampf" However the center's position has altered greatly since then It played a great role in ' Bismarck's overthrow V ind z tinder Bethmahn- Hollweg and Buelow the empire's last chancellor it was a parliamentary force with which every government was forced to reckon One of the Foremost Journalists of France "" EXCLUDED CATHOLICS unsha- CHANGE IN SITUATION ' But' since Germany became a par- liamentary republic the center more than any other party has laid Its hand on the rudder of the ship of state In the reich and in Prussia no cabinet 'either right or left can be formedr without it The majority of the German republic's chancellors have belonged to it and they have headed alternatively cab inets of the right left or miaaie In addition this center carries on politics personal very" active Whereas the Catholics for decades were excluded from important state offices membership in that party today is thebest recommendation for office high or low The party now suffers defeat for the first time For the first time it has been unable to make it wishes prevail la a vital question The conflict is whether Catholic and Protestant children in common schools shall be educated together or in separate schoolsof their own r confession ! LESS IMPORTANT "simultaneous" The schools would appeal at first glance as suitable to the natural demands of national education but in prac- tlce this is less important since such: schools exist only in a few southern and western states But the people's party refused to surrender even these and it cannot surrender them because the general elections are coming and the party cannot permit the democrats and socialists to declare that it has betrayed the old liberal traditions The reichstag now has but a few' weeks of life left President desires it to enact the certain urgent laws bethe budget But whether it fore dissolution will have vitality enough to do that will soon be shown so-call- ed Hin-denbu- rg SEEKS BEAUTY IN INDIAN BUILDINGS SANTA FE N M — (AP) — For the first time in history Uncle Sam is insisting: on artistic architecture for buildings on Indian reservations Vi houses no longThe barrack-lin- e er will be erected A new dormi tory at the federal Indian school near here will mark the change in architectural style It will show both Spanish and Indian pueblo Influences ' The building to cost 180000 will have belfry towers In the ceriter Externally it will resemble a plastered adobe structure but it will be built of hollow tile POLISHED WOOD JEWEL SUBSTITUTE PARIS— avoid imita tlon a designer of accessories for houses substituted dressmaking large squares Of finely carved and polished wood for the large flat Jewels that dressmakers employed extensively last season on expensive dresses and hats The workman ship of the wooden ornaments Is so fine that they can only be imi tated by skillful hand work Fash Son designers also are using: wood in buckles They often are seen white dresses designed for Palm --ach and the JUvSera (AP)--T- o -' By A G GARDINER Zr5-- - ' bi— Copyright 1928 REACHE Consolidated Press Association) PARIS Feb 18— France as well as America has the election fever which as always is unconducive to sane discussion or diplomatic and financial matters Delirious promises made now will have to be revised afterthe elections in the cold light of reason The Immense naval program sponsored by Secretary of the Navy Wilbur apparently has been ade quately dealt with by an avalanche of protests from his compatriots Secretary of State Kellogg's pro posal to abolish submarines as too dangerous will meet with the same fate as would a proposal from some continental country to abolish dreadnaughts as too costly Finally the obstacles thrown by the American senate in the way of ratiacation of the Franco-Ameri- cah treaty come just at the moment when' Great Britain and Italy are disposed to extend the arbitration principle Such extensions would gives the United States on the one hand and Geneva on the other an opportunity to bring about an elaborate kind of universal arbitration treaty for the settlement of justi fiable conflicts NOT ANY BETTER But French politics is not behav ing any better than American pol itics Our politicians are trifling with most serious questions It might have been hoped they would leave the financial problem alone at least but far from it The cabinet Itself sets the example by deferring stabilization of the francpartly for electoral reasons particularly to avoid antagonizlng state who nevertheless bond holders realize by now that revalorization of the currency is impossible The whole financial debate has been grounded in politics with each party venting its passions in every phrase Similarly our new customs tariff will be voted simply to carry favor with the farmer voter and not In the general interest of the country FREE GOLD MARKET The delay In stabilizing the franc is particularly regrettable because the Bank of firance contemplates restoring a free gold market in Fans soon This would - p£s l -- DUMP-T- (Copyright 1928 Consolidated J'ress Association) LONDONtHeFeb 18—Events in India are being followed here deepest concern It is realized that the whole future relations of England and India are at stake and that the debate now proceeding in the legislative assembly at ' Delphi must have a grave bearing on the issue BOSS X' " B i BIER A-I- PONDERS rz&- 5l US r 'r&3-22- - 1 contour bay of wuales rieoM 70 HEIGHTS 9HOWN' H o loa-io- ioioo oo9ao POL- E- SOUTH 2- -- 80 S 61 FEET" - s 85 85'S 8ZS s eGs 37' 3 B&'S 693 90 I - pole "Hut the pole never has beri reachM from Weddell sa about 1750 miles on the other side Tha part of the world is totally Bj-r-unknown and by flying over it will wake vastly Important disr coveries JOVCK Ti LAY IJJPOTS "JIo will start from the Ross sea region as did Scott and Amundsen thus having advantage of all we have learned about the terrain First must be traversed the 400 milf-- of the great Ross Bar rier a solid and comparatively" flat sheet of ice 1 have offered to lay supply depots across this barrier to the foot of Beardmore glacier where the actual flight will start Nine hundred miles from there is 1750 miles' on the the pole Abo-u'other side of the" world will be established bases along Weddell sea "Once he starts for Weddell sea Byrd's fate will be on the knees of the gods Nobody knows what the continent is like lie may find mountains higher than the Himalayas He may find active volca s t -- noes" i" This sketch map Es a replica of the one Captain Joyce has sent to Commander Byrd The upper part 'shows the country itself— Ross Sea the flat ice barrier extending 400 miles toward the poie and at the bottom shows the The cross-sectio- n the locations of huts established by former expeditions In to to must and glaciers which clear mountains tne Byrd fly heights jorder WAS WITH SHACK LETON rooned on the ice from January "After two days we started back Joyce volunteered for the Job 11915 to March 1927 when Shac- for our companions in a blizzard because he ha done it before He kleton — having failed in his at- One of our party collapsed from wajj with Rhackleton'H party when tempt on the pole — himself led the sctirvy and we had to drag him on the leader- proposed to reach the expedition which rescued us the sledge After several days we pol from the opposite direction got back to our friends and started TWO SICK MFN takfn by Amundsen and Scott He Eventually we had to "We eventually established the northward wixtt' to etart on the long route In a tent with leave Mackintosh and started back Ah the three weeks' provisions while we from Vddcll cea and having depots Spencer Smith was ill we had went on with the other two sick rcachfd the pole was to continue ilU-flo contemplate carrying hirn back men Ross whorter to died on the way The back rout' bytht Ho t ha t he would have sup-pli- ft rm tbe Pledge fW 400 mils When rest of Smith us now suffering intensely Wit Within tpn miles of Captain Seott's from snow blindness and scurvy on the return trip he a po- tottered along covering two to his Jtos oa party in charge gravf we were overtaken by of Joyce to lay a line of depots lar blizzard which lasted 14 days miles in a day We reached j Hut We stayed in our tent for six days Point however acrfid the route got' food sent land then I decided we had better back for- - Mackintosh 'Our party consisted of nine nrm istart and eventu no or blizzard But blizzard our bases ' and four dogs" said Joyce "We at landed ally safely had to drag on our sledges every paptain Mackintosh collapsed so "You can imagine our despair ounce of food and fuel we would jnow we had two sick men and dismay after all this to learn need to go and come and in addi- j "I decided to leave them in a that Shackleton had failed a4 the tion 500 pounds of supplies for itent in charge of Sergeant "Wild 'Endurance' had been crushed in the ice at Weddell sea The ele Shackjieton's polr party of six jwnlle we made for the nextWedepot men left ments had beaten our gallant lead According to Shackleton to replenish with food himself we made the greatest with them all the food we had — er Hut it was only a few months ounces of beef later that he rescued us from our sledge journey in history — occupy- 16 biscuits and 2 1900 fextract and The next ing 200 days depot was ten isolation covering "We Were cut off from the world miles i miles away Three of us with the "At j the outset our job was four dogs and an empty sledge and the world's news We did not made doubly hard because the ex- started in a blizzard raging at 60 know how the war was going) but was miles an houry It took us four I remember we used to wonder "Aurora" pedition's ship blown out to' sea after landing" our days to make the ten miles The whether America was coming in to party and before ample supplies last 100 yards to the depot took save the world It was only when and equipment could be placed on two hours to cover so weak were we got back to New Zealand that we learn e'd America wa in" the £hore We were thus ma the dogs and ourselves " - or-dpf- ed i Plans New Memorial for George Washington Virginia H H H H S3 £2 ' S K K H H Now Seeking Facts Relating to First President 's Boyhood Days J r i iri f - f- - - I -- ) r j fit i'zZ r for - £ l s f ' C H5 - ' t JOT' V At' S S A t ? f m1 ?: ' 'if t 0 - '- 6 -- W 1f j f S j itt-- "1 - IT WfJSPJSJI a 44 WKKW trj"-- MC V I ASHINCiTON Feb 18 — The "land of George Washington" is coming into its" own This anthe of first president's niversary birth only two years short of the two hundredth seems 4to have aroused Virginians to realization that many of the places associated with Washington's memory have been too long in obscurity From the nation's capital as far south as Frederickburg numerous organizations have taken up the task of further enshrining his memory For there is scarcely an acre of this territory that Washington the man and boy did not know InHe lived and hunted timately there and while working for Lord Fairfax surveyed the region " For three years a'gifat shrine has been in course of construction at Alexandria where the George Washington Masonic Memorial association is erecting a $3Q000Q0 temple to Washington the Mason itself" '"" Here will b4 preserved many priceObviously the gold would have to less relics the lodge has treasured be transferred if the transfer was ever since his death Among to remain reasonably permanent but them is a' portrait for which the as the proposal said "such trans- order has refused $100000 ' r BL'V 1000 ACItRS fers could be avoided by the use At Wakefield plans are under o£ certificates where it seemed way to restore the house inwhich probable that the metal would be the born An great Virginian was to recalled by the normal movement organization has begun lip of trade within the space of a few 1000 acres surrounding the buy Mouti months" i Vernon home all of which once estate It is plain that there must be was part of the 2700-acr- e near where At Fredericksburg further exchanges of views beboyhood Washington spent his to tween banks of issue to settle these research is being made locate problems and give the world pros- exactly the site of the early homeson "" based ' the 'l perity greatest pos- tead-' sible stabilization of gold prices Us This little colonial city j 5 afThe crisis In Anglo-Indiafairs was brought to a head by the appointment of a commisGREAT BRITAIN sion of seven headed by Sir John Simon the most brilliant living English lawyer to investigate the OVER operation of the existing government In India and tp make recommendations with regard to re' forms v The commission represents all parties in the British parliament includes no Indian represenPublic Asks Why Our but tative ' "Whether the exclusion of Indian representation was wise Is Navv Is To Be questionable but the fact was InEnlarged tended to involve no reflection on India The idea was that the comBy DREW PEARSON mission should take evidence' and (Copyright 1928 Consolidated hear witnesses on all sides and Press Association) couldbest function as a purely WASHINGTON Feb 18— While r investigation- the house committee on naval af- English FOR EXCUSE BOYCOTT fairs this week was engaged in reUnfojrtunaAely the irreconcilable porting out Secretary Wilbur's elements in India seized on this naval program jwith almost great as an excuse for a pol-- " exclusion unanimous approval state department reports disclosed thatin Great Icy of boycotting the commisBritain the press and public still sion and repudiating the whole in" is wondering whether congress and quiry £s an Insult to India When the commission arrived President Coolidge seriously mean to' build':! at Bonibay a fortnight ago hoswere organA study of the comment received tile demonstrations a ized and widespread crusade by the department from all parts of Great Britain shows that the was organized notN?nly for reAmerican navaU program "is the fusal to recognize the commis most widely and strenuously dis- sion bilt for a boycott of British cussed topic of foreignjnewB The goods v' discussion chiefly takes the form of Sir John Simon confronted with speculation as to whether or not a most difficult situation Invited we have the shipyards with which the legislative assembly to apto build whether Mr Coolidge has a corresponding commisthe support of the middle west and point india to work sion representing whether we aren't really bluffing his own commission Here with The British public has however the It Is ad- Cffficulty arises finally awakened from the apathy mittedl Indian if that the body with which it viewed the three-powe- r naval conference at Geneva last consisting largely of extremists summer and it now fully hnder-stand- s sits with the" Simon commission will anoalr frnnlrlv thit the naval Issue is the fflurA xi'ltnoouoa more hopeful''-ce-hemfor comost serious- question raised be' both commisis tween the two great Anglo-Saxothat operation nations during the last decade sions should conduct their own PRESIDENT'S OWN investigations and then meet in The "Coolidge conference" as it Joint sittings and endeavor to arwas called in England last sum- rive at recommendations acceptmer was always looked upon across able to both the British parliathe watery as the "president's own ment and the Indian assembly private and political piece of hoThis proposal was made when kum for the purpose of convincing the assembly met Thursday to the American public that his dis- consider action in response to Sir armament views were genuine John Simon's appeal for Aside from those two outstanding disclosdiscussion Tlje journals the London Times and the ed a sharp division of opinion Manchester Guardian few British newspapers gave any space at all between the Hindu deputies and the Mohammedan deputies Lalt to the Geneva naval disaster The British foreign office appear- Lajpat Itai leader of the Hindu" ed to be woefully uninformed re- delegates who has just published garding the true state of public a reply to Miss Katherine Mayo's opinion in the United States and book "Mother India" in a most when 'it jivas suddenly Jarred out violent speech moved refusal of of its complacent reassurance by any relations with the Simon the deluge of criticism on this side commission He denounced the of the Atlantic it sought not to whole British connection and dechange the stand of its own dele- manded the withdrawal of Enggates at Geneva but sent Sir Esme land All Khan and Howard to protest to the state de- leader bagof thebaggage Moslems on the partment against the tone of the other hand declared a blunt reAmerican press ' SCOOP BY MISTAKE jection was a bankrupt policy The British press at the time re- while Rajah leader ot rthe defused to take seriously the naval pressed classes welcomed in the name the most forlorn part building program of their own dele- of the ofIndian population the Sigates at Geneva and this observer mon proposal He regarded It as recalls an Incident where the correspondent of one conservative an assurance that downtrodden London journal when given an ex- minorities would have hope In the' clusive story regarding First Lord future! The result Is in the balance Bridgeman's proposal to bring the British cruiser total up to 600000 but it is anticipated the policy tons reprimanded Its correspondwill be defeated ent for sending- - American propa- by a bare majority ganda The dispatch was publishOpinion In the best informed ed however through an oversight circles here is that Sir John Sigiving the paper a clean "scoop" mon's "tact and moderation will Now the British press is ponder- win The extremists hope to force ing over I the purposes of the a rupture at the only means of United States Secretary Wilbur's preventing success for the comprogram is described by the Glas- mission which represents the angow Herald 1 as representing "the desire of all parties in nounced views only of the American navy to extend further the polEngland department which like navy departments all the world over Is prone icy Of preparing India for full This policy was to exaggerate the importance of its own charge and pitch its claims begun In the Montagu reform scheme which the government needlessly high" The Manchester Guardian is hopes j to amend and extend more concerned with the possibili- through the recommendations of ties of naval rivalry "Powerful the Sinion commission voices" this paper points out "are The evidence goes to show that being raised in congress and in the the 4esperate efforts of the express to demand that the United tremists to organize a boycott States shall build a sufficient num- are falling and that Jn the and ber of cruisers to' make her navy the commission w3l command all the equal of that which Great Brit- 1110 nuu tyiiiiiaciHC ueten- ucip ain possesses today" of Its task Thj execution for Sary GUARDIAN ASKS WHY Moslem opinion is genfact that "Why will this huge new American fleet be built?" the Guardian erally friendly gives the commlsSion little and support strong asks "At whom is It to be aimed? There is but a single answer to doubt is felt that the Hindu feelthese questions There Is no evad- ing will be placated when the fuing the fact that the only opponent tility of the Hindu leaders' bank-rup- t policy is made apparent the American naval experts have in An important fact In the strugmind is Great Britain - The new American program however Is not gle is the refusal of the British based on the contemplating of ac- labor party to support the tual war between the two counIn India Romsay tries but upon the probability of a has the labor leader of a cabled IMr Hartshorn the labor clash resulting as a war repeating the conditions of member of the Simon commission 1914-1- 7 when Great Britain would denounefng the boycott and de- be belligerent and the United States clarlng labor's confidence In the a neutral intentions and good faith of the The London Times takes the fol- Simon inquiry lowing view: "It Is for the government and people of the United States to es- fectly clear is that we shall not timate their maritime requirements dream of building in competition We can consider only our ownt with the United States Our needs What haa always been made per- - cannot be determined by theirs" n been-upplie- J England's Greatest Liberal Editor - allow to abandon the standard of foreign currencies and become one of! Europe's gold centers as con temiplated at the Genoa conference in 1922 So much expatriated capital has returned to France that restoration of the gold standard is quite feasible The j Bank of France already has the second largest metal lic reserve in the worftl with ap proximately a billion dollars in gold representing 44 per cent of its note circulation It is needless for us also to keep a large volume of foreign securities which represent indeed part of the reserves of the federal reserve bank of the "United State's and thu Bank of England when these securities might usefully serve toward economic recon struction in other countries still in an uncertain monetary situation Thus electoral preoccupations keep the world from advancing by keeping so important a unit as the franc in the realm of speculation Incidentally Europe recalls the efforts made in 190S toward stabilizing the value of gold The United States proposed the creation of International gold certificates which would "represent for all practical purposes the transfer of gold coin and bullion without the necessity of transferring the metal France '"'C B6 LAlt! BYAI BPLANE- - - - 9 " By GERVILLE S°H"H DEVILS AMLHElBElIfpfeor : EFFECT DRAG LONDON E E M Joyce has gone into the bleak antarctic wastes with expeditions bent on reaching the south pole Three times his party has been defeatedl by the deadly bitter cold He has watched helplessly as fellow explorera fell along? the trail starved frozen or stricken with' scurvy But Captain Joyce is going back He plans to lend his experience to the aid of Commander Hichard E Byrd United States navy aviator who will attempt to fly over the south pole during the antarctic summer of 1928-i2Joyce has spent more years in the south polar regions than any He was with other living man on his Captain Itobert F Scott 1901-04 "Discovery" expedition in with Sir Ernest Shackleton on the "Nimrod" expedition in 1907-0- 9 again with Shackleton on the "Endurance" expedition from 1914 to lie holds the king's polar 1917 medal with four bars two medals from the 'Royal Geographical society the Albert medal which for peace-tim- e heroism is what the Victoria Cross is in war-tim- e Priceless "maps and charts made to by Joyce have Commander Byrd aria the veteran explorer has volunteered to go south once moreitof lay the supply depots on which the life of the flyer will depend "Byrd prcpo'ses to fly completely over the vast sduth polar continent" said Joycjs" "and only in that way would the expedition havo real spientific value Byrd is not the kind of a man to do a thing merely as a stunt "Roald Amundsen and Robert Scott both succeeded in reaching the pole! Both started from camps on Ross sea and reached their goal within 34 days of each'' other Amundsen got back alive Scott perished in th attempt From their-- books and diaries we know considerable about ths antarctic continent between Koiut sea and the principal streets all named for members of the British royal family perhaps maintains better than any other the magic of the past In the jbuildlng now used as a city hall was held the frreat peace ball in honor of the return from York town of the Continental army and its French allies There is the home of Mary Washington where once the first president said what he Knew was toi be his last farewf-to his invalid mother before he rode awav toj "receive the highest honor his country" could bestow upon him WOML'N' BUIJiT MARKER On the hillside overlooking the valley of the Rappahannock is the of Washington Mary gifave marked by a small reproduction pf the great monument at the capital It? was erected entirely through the efforts and contributions of women (The old Washington farm lies across the Rappahannock There Augustine brought his family when the children were small a$d there is centered the myth of the cherry tree incident Down a1 the river bank (and this is no myth) is tho place where two mischievous girls stole George's clothes while he waa taking a 1 - i Another reproduction of the original' Washington monument marks his birthplace at "Wakefield 50 miles below Mt Vernon on the rptomac Youag pine and cedar surround :the lonely shaft an5 the little Washington graveyard hear- fby all now pirt of a tract owned by the government 5 i -- n nt t-- i 4 X : l"k 4 i L ft in jt i V tm The departure of Washington and his staff for the campaign which resulted In the battle of Yorktown is shown In the top left picture At the bottom la shown his return to the "Rising Sun Tavern" at Fredericksburg after the battle These historically authentic pictures were posed by University of Richmond students and citizens of Fredericksburg In the top right is shown young Washington's land office still standing at Greenway Court i The little land office whlca was Washington's still stands at Green He occupied this at way court the time he was a surveyor for Lord Fairfax and from this point on imany evidences of Washington the (explorer and business man are to joe found Fort Loud cun at "Winchester :Stlll remains as an evidence of hla foresight during the French and Indian wars A caral cut through the great Dismal Swamp also is :his work for he faw the possibilities of draining this region and of creating an inner channel between Virginia and North Carolina ports Hls judgment only recently was ver ' j ' V 7 " swim T T' j PROGRAM i ified by the government's purchase of the canal Perhaps the greatest of all Washington shrines is the Mount No other Vernon home itself home of a great historical figure has been preserved and reproduced with tha faithful accuracy of this one It stands almost exactly as1 it -did when Washington There are left it 2S years ago the same boxwood hedges that he planted the same gardens that he loved The same clock ticks on the stair landing the fame harpsichord is there the parlors and bedroom (Continued on Page Six) Irre-concilab- les Mac-donald- ct K |