Show from N T Y neraldo ueral df THE WAR AND THE PEACE THE STIRRING EVENTS IN EUROPE AND ASIA FROM THE RUPTURE WITH THE CZAR NICHOLAS IN 1854 TO THE pacification AT PARIS OF F 1856 fk rn MARCH 1634 1854 monday 27 the emperor napoleon Napole sent a messa message e to the french legislature declaring that trussia Ti russia had placed herself in a state of war with france queen victoria sent the following special missag message we to the house of lords of england victoria re relna reina regina I 1 ina lna her iler majesty thinks it proper to acquaint the house of lords that the negotiations in which her majesty in concert with her allies has for some time past been en engaged a ea with his majesty the emperor E in eror of all th the e isslam is blas bias have terminated ant and that her majesty Tila lesty feels bound to afford active assistance assis tahe taue to ner her ally the saltan against unprovoked aggression her majesty has given directions for tor laying before the house of lords copies of such gafers papers in addition to those already communicated c to parliament as will afford the f fullest information with regard reward to the subject to these negotiations it is a consolation to her majesty to reflect that no endeavors have been wanting on her part to preserve to her subjects the blessings of peace her ifer maie Maje tys just expectations have been disa disappointed p P 0 anted and her majesty relies with confidence fiden c e on the zeal and devotion of the house of lords and on the exertions of her brave and loyal subjects to support her in her determination to employ the power and resources of the nation for protecting the dominions of the sultan against the encroachments encroach ments of russia war was thus openly declared APRIL sunday 1 ithe the czar nicholas ordered all english and french vessels to quit odessa 3 general canrobert arrived in constantinople nople hopie with french troops othe O 6 the british steamer furious arrived at odessa with a flag of truce in order to bring orf off the consul and english residents when the russians fired on her she retired and rejoined the black sea fleet lofrance 10 france and england signed a specific treaty for the defence of the Ot tonian empire in london londono the british war vessels had calit captured u red fourteen russian russ 1 an prizes up to this date east baz lord ra raglan ralan 0 lan ian left en england 0 land for the 13 th the 0 czar nicholas replied to the english and french declarations of war by a manifesto I 1 21 the tha aroya hirst first russian prize landed in england 23 allied bombardment of odessa the thel land batteries in the lower sound bound the outer mole and twelve russian s ships alps in the harbor were destroyed two pow powder v d er magazines were blown up the allied shi ships a had el eight men killed and ei eighteen eteen wounded T 27 marshal marshai saint arnaud left france to join the army in the east MAY KAM sunday 7 six w beeks allowed by the ru russians s for english ships to clear from the baltic russian ports 12 british steam frigate tiger captain gifford ran ashore near odessa 41 miles fired on by tha th russians rus Ras when her captain twenty foar petty officers and sea men surrendered as prisoners to general osten who sent her union jack to prince Paskie witch 17 siege of Sili gria commenced by the russians 23 A new treaty treat y of alliance between france england ani and turkey signed 0 at st cloud 30 emm engagement ement between the Ris russians and turks at kirskel russian loss 1000 killed wounded 1000 muskets six ix pieces of can non 1000 1009 horses and prisoners turkish los snot stated JUNE I 1 british oden and vulture sent boats to attack the fortress of gumia harke ley in inthe the baltic when the russians fired on t hem them sinking the boats and killin killing 0 over fifty men 2 turks severely repulsed by the russians in an attempt to the re doubts of asur enet and K irais they were tit fit tacked attacked in flank and lost 1503 killed thirteen cannon thirty five standards and all the tile camp equipage 12 generals gort T and made a tremendous attack on but were driven backy back and a turkish reinforcement entered the fortress fort reg reh 15 turks made a desperate sortie from Sili Sill atria and attacked the russian investing invest ing ung army A desperate hand to hand contest ensued and ended in the complete discomfiture of the russians prince Gorts chakoff was severely wounded gen had his leg hot shot off and two other generals were killed the carnage among among the russians was dreadful and the they re retired fighting across the river pursuing their advantage the turks crossed an arm of the river seized the isle of hope and blew up the russian siege works thereon 16 in asia the turks under selim pacha were defeated by lly the russians at they lost nearly men three fortified camps cannon standards and an immense tore store of small arms 21 the russian rear guard retreating from sil sll ria was attacked by mhd th turks and had 2 men killed hied 22 defeat of the russians by the turks at jie and 2000 men killed 23 siege of Sill raised 24 el eight i ht russian steamers ran out from Seba sebastopol sevastopol Sebasto poT poy and attacked the allied ships furious descartes and terrible Ter when the furious was greatly damaged JULY 2 one year since the he russians crossed the pruth 3 general coroniti Coro nini marched at the head of a column of austrian troops from or sova bova into Wal lachia and was to be immediately followed by other detachments of the imperial army sent to execute the treaty between austria and the porte 7 the turks defeated the russians at gi gl 24 russians defeated the turks at kobrak dar in asia general belousoff Belo took fifteen tiec pieces e s of cannon with four wagons s of munitions on two fags hags four standards twenty small smail sma standards a considerable quantity of arms drums and musical instruments and 2018 prisoners among whom were two superior officers eighty four subaltern 0 officers fei fri cers and 1932 men all of the jugular infantry two thousand thousand turks were killed 29 turks defeated by the russians at in the caucasus when the turks lost four guns three powder wagons with their teams ten flags three pennons pen prisoners prisoners riso ners some arms and drums and more tran than 2000 dead on the field 30 the russians attacked the french and turkish camp at but were defeated with a loss of 2000 men AUGUST 7 battle battie of kars asia fought between the russians and turks russian style styled today to day the casualties on both sides were considerable the ile turks lost men and sixteen pieces of ol 01 cannon the russians had killed but bul remained in possession possession of the field of battle 8 siege of bomarsund Bomar sund commenced 16 surrender of Bomar and 2000 russians made prisoners during the operations the french had bad 2 men kilmed and the english a few 26 the fortress of ciango bomarsund Bomar sund blown up by the allied troops SEPTEMBER 2 allied expeditionary army intended to invade the crimea and besiege seba sebastopol sevastopol assembled and rendezvoused at Balt bait B schick hick bick tur turkey ce it consisted of sixty two thousand m english rl french and turkish troops with an immense force of artillery 4 defeat of the allied allie ailie d pacific squadron by the russians at Petro 5 the allied invading force sailed from fromi 1 varna and Balt schick for the crimea 14 landing of the allied army fifty thousand men at Eup atoria they were conveyed in vessels and escorted by the black sea fleet they occupied Eup atoria from which the russians Ris retired 20 battle of thealma the alma aima the allies marching on sebastopol sevastopol Seba met the russian army under prince Mens alen chikoff koit kofT strongly posted A sanguinary battle battie ensued tile the russian position was carried in in an hour and a half when prince Mens chikoff retired in good order carrying off 93 pieces of field artillery two russian officers and two guns were captured the english lost in killed and wounded 93 officers 1 1895 1893 rank and file sergeants and 24 drummers the russians had men killed and wounded the french loss was inferior to that of the english but nearly the same the loss of the turks was not published 26 marshal marshai st arnaud commander in chief of the allied armies in the east E asty resigned his command to general canrobert 27 partial investment of sebastopol sevastopol Seba OCTOBER 4 the allied forces tried the range of their siege artillery on the south side of se sebastopol sevastopol Seba la 17 allies commenced to bombard sebas both by sea and land as the russ russians lans ians had made frequent sorties sor ties tieso during daring the day the russians lost men and admiral korniloff was killed english naval loss 2 officers and 16 wounded 42 men killed and wounded french loss 30 killed and wounded the city did not suffer 19 aclid ships stood in very near to se ba and recommenced the bombardment the fire was returned by the russians with effect and in the evening the fleet was forced to retire much damaged 23 the russians made a sortie from se ba and captured a french battery Q of eleven guns 25 battle dattle of or balaklava general Ll with russians made a desperate attack on the allied troops in an attempt to turn their right flank therus theRas the russians routed the turkish soldiers soli fiers flers and took two batteries owing to an indiscreet order lord Cardigan Card igans 7 a division of en english gih gah light liht li ht cavalry charged the russian russ an batter batteries ea buccere but were routed with a loss of about men and hors esthe squadron of I 1 lelh ith lancers being nearly totally cut off british infantry were also aiso killed with many officers the russians suffered severely from the heavy cavalry of the english but maintained the batteries they had taken 26 eight thousand russians made a sortie from sebastopol sevastopol Seba towards balaklava but were repulsed by the allies with a loss of 1000 men NOVEMBER SUNDAY T 3 battle or E early arly ariy in the morning during a dense fog the russian army increased by reinforcements from the danube and animated by the presence of the grand dukes michael and nicholas attacked the right of the english position before sebas opol A terrible hand to hand fight ensued in which eath party exhibit exhibited e d prodigies ro di igiel of afi valor the combat continued until near night I 1 when general forays division of the french army drove the tha russians into the city but in an attempt to enter with them the french were wore routed with great loss lord raglan reported the english casualties thus 43 officers 32 sergeants 4 drummers rank and file killed officers sergeants 17 drummers 1710 rank and file wounded ivoun ded I 1 officer G 6 sergeants rank and gile file missing killed wounded 1932 1952 missing tal tai 2612 general canrobert announced the french loss as follows the french army has ilaa suffered to the extent of 1726 killed or wounded we have bit bitterly tery to regret the loss of general de lourmel lourdel Lo urmel since dead from his wounds it is my painful duty also to acquaint you with the death of colonel du da camas of the sixth regiment of the line killed at the head of his troops the russian invaline In valide officially I 1 fici ally report reported pd the russian loss to be 42 0 officers and 2969 men killed and off officers I 1 ers era and men wounded giving the total cof of killed and wounded the number of prisoners taken by the allies not given three twee english generals were killed and four severely wound cd ed 18 the fire of the allies on sebastopol sevastopol Seba was almost entirely suspended tle russians were reinforced by men D DECEMBER E cimber SUNDAY 10 all ail the english baltic fleet 1 standing for home JANUARY 1855 I 1 omer pasha embarked at varna for EH pa natoria toria in the crimea where a division of the turkish army had already landed 5 active advance of the russian troops in asia they had reached kalch 9 the russians invaded the and both Tul Tal and Baba dagh were taken 30 prince gauriel of russia defeated the turks with great loss at bridge bridgey in in asia 31 from to this day three dreadful bortles we remade from sebastopol sevastopol Seba FEBRUARY 17 russia declared war against sardinia for an ad hession to the western alliance general oaten osten with forty thousand thotis ind russians attacked the newly arrived turkish division at Eup atoria but omer pasha compelled gelled them to retire with five hundred men hors bors ors de combat the turks lost one hundred and fifty men 23 two russian re doubts before sebas were stormed by the french but owing to the russian f gire fire ire lre they had to abandon them with a loss of one hundred men killed and three hundred wounded 24 russian redoubt taken taked by the french with much loss of life on botasi both sides bf es MARCH I 1 allied fire opened reopened re on sebastopol sevastopol Seba 8 british war ships ope ove operating rating on the asiatic coast destroyed the martillo tower and barracks of which the russians Rus slang siang had recently built goujat kale was shelled 15 peace ireace conference in vienna formally opened the plenipotentiaries present were vere for austria count buoi buol and baron de von osten for england lord john russel and lord westmoreland for france baron de do bourquenez nour Bour Bourqu quency eney for turkey arif emmi Effi endi endl and riza be bey bev 31 for russia prince Gorts chakoff and 31 1 de tito ir in august 1854 austria as mediator proposed the following terms as a basis of negotiation tia tion THE FOUR guarantees in order more exactly to define the sense which their governments attach to each of the principles contained in the four articles but res reserving e arvi ng to themselves as they have always done the t he right of dakill making such other special conditions as may in addition addition to t the he four guarantees be by them deemed necessary for the general interest of europe and for preventing the recurrence of the present complications the representatives of austria france and great britain do declare 1 their governments being of or accord that it is necessary to abolish the exclusive protectorate exercised by russia over moldavia wal lachia and servia and in future to place under the collective guarantee of the five powers the privileges secured by the sultans to those provinces as dependencies of their empire have agreed and do ag agree bree wree that none of the former treaties between russia russia and the porte 3 bearing reference lo 10 the said provinces can b be ein eln in force when peace is concluded and that the arrangements range ments to be made in respect ct to them shall ultimately be such as to be in full fuli and entire accordance with the rights of the surrain power with those of the three principalities sandwith and with the general interests of europe 2 10 la in order to give lve ive to the free navigation of the danube all the dev elopement of which it is capable it would be proper cony enable that the lower danube beginning t from the point at which it becomes common ramon co to the two states bordering on it should no longer be subjected to the territorial jurisdiction which exists in virtue of the third article of the treaty of adri anaple at all events the free navi navigation 0 atlon of the danube would not be secured unless it should be placed under the control of a syn decap cical authority invested with the necessary poitiers powers for destroying the obstacles now existing at the mouths of the river or such as may subsequently be formed there 3 the object of the revision of the treaty of july 13 1841 should be more completely to attach the existence of the ottoman empire to he european balance of power and to lo put aa an nd to tha th preponderance of russia in the black sea the arrangements to be |