Show II NEW NE RAILWAYS I FOUR F BUILT THOUSAND AND FIVE F VE THOUSAND THOU MILES AND ALREADY IN NY II CHINAS COURSE OF PROJECTION Il I P Sp Special CIRI Correspondent CorrespondentS HA GHAI the past pastow S 0 ow months I have traveled ever most of the new o of China The empire ht hae on tic Iron ron boots or of modern and It its s 1 laying out roads In oer every dire r I rIt lt It has hns already more that than miles In operation and double that In course or projection and com construction TM rh systems H already under wa way will Hive easy callY to all the tho hag tides cities and with the additions which arc firc bound to come the they eventually gridiron the he coun country tl Today the Chinese ha have C the poorest ralla railway or of all the great na nations i Their empire Is larger than the United States and amI It has four our tines our lilli POPulation Nevertheless Its railway compare with ours In the ratio or of about one mile to CO 60 We e have havo now almost miles of o railways When hen China Chinas js s In as full swing Ewing she will ne need d miles and her lion IlOn track mileage will wll not stop at 0 ON THE MANCHURIA RAIL RAILWAYS YS I began my railway travel In ChIna on the chief Manchurian system i landed at Danny and went north to The trip was over oer the road built by the sad and l by the Japanese It I is 1180 miles long md and goes north to Harbin where It connects connect I with the S Stern sye tern taking passengers ers iron Dalny to 10 In IG 16 days This road mud canto o at the close ot of Its war sear with RU Russia a It Is now financed and m pt cr crated by the tho Japanese nod Is a n evidence of oC their ability as practical railway managers Its have I t t 1 entirely and that with steel New Nel bridges have hao been iKen put up upu using u materials tram Cram th the States and the rolling roiling stock stoel is II mostly American The s have Pullman earN cars lighted b by electrIc It and the travel Is nI ax comfortable as 15 anywhere Ih the world The road rond 11 s swell well The grass oss rec receipts last year car were about anti It Its I net earnings were 16 per cent on the tho common stock Tho chief officers of f the tread road are but the present pres present ent policy Is to use UlO Chinese for Cor all sub subordinate ordinate positions It Is found it tho lacy are cheaper and more The They spook speak the language o of the coun count country t try and do better In handling the tm 1 fie THE NEW ROAD TO A branch or of this Manchurian railway Is to which lies lItoS north or of 80 or 01 miles to the tho eastward has lOO population It Is surrounded b by a rIch agricultural country and Is a I great lumber center centor The new road has been financed by a combination Qt of Chinese and Japanese aId arl Japans Japan Is lending most of the tho mono money The civil are taken from hotly hoth nations but the tho road will be o oIn In addition to this line preparations are making for or constructing a stand standard standard ard gago road to on the thu bor borders Jo Ien ders of Korea Koren and there connecting wIth the tho Korean railway There Thero Is already a track run running running ning over ovel this route This will be torn up and whore the tha new road line Is laid the tho trains will wll be shifted to It and will go directly to There they thoy will be ferried over the river then go on down the tho roads built through h Korea to Fusan within a nights rid ride ot of Japan This swill brIng Tokio Into railroad communication with Europe FROM MUKDEN TO P PEKIN KIN KINI I stop stopped d some time tImo at Mukden and thence went b by express to kwan wan and Pekin The Tho depot of Mukden are IndescrIbably bad There Thoro are no arrangements for and passengers must stand out I In the rain while waiting for Cor the trains The Iho cars were crowded and I had dif In n setting getting accommodations There was no sleeper and the passengers gers for or and were ele forced to sIt up all night To Bold avoid this I stopped oft orr at where the tho road goes gocs through the Great Wall Vall anti and took the day train on he fOllowing morning The Tho road from Mukden to kwan Is weft weD built and fairly well man managed managed aged The conductors and trainmen are Chinese as are aro also the station stationmasters stationmasters masters and laborers The district through which we went la is Infested by brigands and we had soldIers on the thi cars as well as at the stations Land Ing at we were elo In China proper and from Crom thence on to Tien tsin we rode over oer the first filst railroad suc operated on Chinese soil Boll CHIK CHINAS AS FIRST RAILROAD Tile Tho first track ever eer laid In this coun t try was a stretch of 12 miles running from rom Shanghai to tho port ot of Woosung on the It was wall cont constructed In 1816 b by a British company at n a cost of and was operated but a ow cw weeks The Tho native natle officials were opposed to railroads and ands s tho they tried to keep out this opening wedge dGe The Tho story goes gOei they paid I a coolie SlOG to allow himself to be run over ocr by the tho cnn cars anti and killed At any uny rate the mon man threw himself In front ot of the car and was taken out mangled and dead Upon this a mob tore lore up the road and the o officials ch s decided It should b abolished The rhe railway from rom to a 01 rather that part of It from fromI the coal mines mine to was wa constructed about 10 years later being I as a with cars hauled by horses horse and changed to IL steam railroad This scheme waby wa Tracked backed by LI Hun Chung Chang and Wu Nu and its original capital was 2 OOOO ThC Tho Thol l English engineer In ch charge was V C who until now has had bad the con control con control of oC tho great coal call mines at g gand and practically of the P n rn railway 11 WILY system When Mr Kinder changed his horse road roul to steam ho he was waR afraid to order an engine from abroad for fear that the tho officials woul uld ob object jece So o he made up IL locomotive out of scrap Iron and used It t This tin live Is still kept kelt In the shops at Kal It Is labeled Roc Rocket et of China anti and It should have htwe IL a place In an any na national museum which the empire may build Later on locomotives were or ordered dered from Crom the United States StateR and after nUle years ono was as built at Kalp ng When the letter was being painted the Chinese workmen decOl decorated ted the smoke smokestack stack j ta k with Ith two big eyes eyell Upon Mr Kinder asking wh why th they did so tho thomen thomen men replied Engine must have eye ce No o have hoo eye ec no cnn can tee see No o can see how can wallce walkee Nevertheless Mr Ir Kinder blotted the cc of off the engine HOW THE UNION UIO HELD I UP Lil LI HUNG OlI G first line IIno originally came from to the Poi river being used for Cor carryinG coal cOJI down to the Taku at atthe the tho mouth of that stream whore Ii was 33 afterward rd extended to and b by the orders of IS IJ Hung Chang u a fino bridge ot of stone and steel con constructed constructed to bring bling the tracks across tho river Into the city This WD was J just about completed when the tho trade unions of junk and bo hoot t men objected and raised such Much a fuss that LI gave out an order that th the bridge should be destroyed lie Ho gave gae up the tho project or of bringing the tho road Into the tho city and located his lils depot on the opposite side of the river That same Rame deJ depot Ot still stands I landed there I I during m my recent stay star at but I Iwas was able w to cross on a bridge which had boon been made over the This old road rain Is now a apart apart part ot the tho railways or of north Ch China na It has been extended to and forms one section of the trunk line IIno to Europe The road was IlS buIlt with capital borrowed from Crom Great It at Britain the original loans amounting to about The Tho construction was man managed aged ed b by the Chinese government and the entire cost WM was only a little over oyer or about a milo mile Its net profits have hae already been or about sold gold per mile anti and that within a space ot of 10 years Tho Thio road has lS an immense fl freight traffic and t handles about half hal the tho trade trado of Tien tsIn GOOD PASSENGER ACCOMMODATIONS TI S I have recent recently traveled over oer the tho most of this railway and as far as the Chi Chinese Chinese nese end o of It Is concerned I can rec recommend recommend it Tho cars are aro comfortable They Thoy are divided into com opening upon an aisle The seats seals run almost across the car and andone ono one can Ilo down If It is IB not too crowd crowded I ed In the middle o of each ench coach In S a drawing room with tables and chairs and with sofas Oras at the ends The C cars lS fire are well lighted In the winter the they are heath b by steam supplied b by a boiler In n a freight car attached to tho rear ot of the train The water for the boiler boller Is pumped In by hand During m my journey to the tho Chinese capital I was much Interested In the Ule pa passengers Sen ers The They comprised man many high class officials and other Chinese gentle gentlemen gentlemen men all of oC whop whom were dressed In bro brocaded ended silk sown gowns big black cloth boots and skull caw caps of satin On the latter wore blue buttons In mourning for the em emperor There Thero were Cl Chinese nesa ladles who In the solitary grandeur or of their point pant powder and gorgeous silk clothes sat with the toes of their little club clubfeet I feet e t resting on the floor There Thero were a score of foreign men Inca In European dress I and ono one or two foreign Women Thero was also a Manchu girl wIth her hair done dono up In two great wings on the b bock ck of her head and there was IL a sleek haired yellow malden maiden who wore panta pantaloons pantaloons loons The cars contained won well todo Chinese man many or of whom were Vcr clad In They Nat eat on rude rudo benches and It Teemed to me methe they the looked very e uncomfortable The third class was filled it coolies who were about as bad off as the tho cattle In 1 2 i i t tn tr a n t f f r 4 I Ir t r t viti g C tt a r h ah L Lr 1 r v rF J l r TRAINS RAINS ARE GUARDED BY BRAKEMAN Photographed for tor The News by Frank G Carpenter o I our stock cars at home The They had d bo box boxcars cars which were entered at th the ends by doors so o low that one had to stoop to toge ge get through them The cars had no seats seat I and the pas passengers either stood or eat or on heir baggage All the cars were well fined filled and the road Is said to tobe tobe be paying During the tho lunches were brought In to the fir passengers These consisted of ten tea leakes and anI sweets Wo TO had candled citron In the tho shapo of oC mUG little green balls and do de deI I English walnut meats the tho full Cull kernels Imbedded In sugar The Tho con conductors conductors on this train were English I A ROAD TO 10 THE GREAT WALL ALL While In Pekin I learned about the now railroad which Is now building through the tho great wall on Into Mon golla This is a branch of the tho Im Imperial Imperial railway system and it Is being constructed out of thin tho profits ot of the line It begins at Pekin Pe kin and goes northward past the Ming Tombs to the tho pass Ono One hun hundred hundred dred and miles are al 01 already ready built and n a connection hM has been made with the tho Mongolian city or of Kal Kalgan gan on the tho other side or of the great I wall Kalgan has bas inhabitants It Is the great center ot of the caravan caraan I I trade trado a halt half million or moro more camels passing It each year The Tho road will have hao n a considerable traffic it In carrying meat furs and grain aln from Mongolia to Pekin It wl will also tako ten tea to the tho Mongols The present plan Js is to ex extend c tend It across the tho Gobi desert to Lal Lake o Baikal where it will connect with the railway and lotus the tho shortest lOUto to Europe It will wll put within 13 11 or 14 days das of London and the time to New York b by fast express train and steam will wll be about I 20 days When hen I visited the I pass a few ew years ears ago I traveled by donke donkey and mule litter and It tool took me inn three days daB By this new road rond the journey journe can bo be made In six hours or orless orless less lessI The road starts from rom Pekin an and until un until til It nears neals the mountains the tho country Is comparatively smooth It then rises rapid rapidly and the track ascends 1800 feet In O miles At the pass itself a tunnel about of oC n a milo mile long has been constructed through which the tho trains pass under the great wall This road Is well built although It has been planned b by Chinese enl engi engineers and constructed entire entirely b by Chi Chinese neso nese labor It will wll cost about to extend It to the Siberian bound boundary ary r CHINAS BIG RAILWAY CENTERS China Chinn has man many cities already alread large which ws are aro bound to grow enormous enormously through the new railroad now projected pro projected and building The Tho chief or of these are Pekin lIanko Canton and Shanghai railroad center conter wll bo the capital or of the province of In western China and another will wll be Yu man the capital of the province of the same name In the tho southwest At Atall Atall all these places railroads are aro either elthor In operation or In projection and eventually ally the Iron tracks will SO go out from them like the spokes ot of a wheel Tien tsin will wll be a second New eI York It has already n a million and Is growing R a green bay bElY tree It lies near the coast of the Gulf of Chihli and Is tho chief chloC center of oc trade for north China wIth the tho enormous coal cOllI fields or of and Shansi tributary to It It Is on the trunk lino IIno from Canton to Europe and Is the chief port for the tho capital It has a 3 connection with the line lne and Is now build buildIng Ing a road southward through Shan Shantung Shantung tung to on the Yan nag Another road IJ a little further eastward will wll strike the river at and this will eventually bo be I continued south to Canton making a great cat trunk line IIno through eastern eastorn China That railway pass through some or of the richest lands or of the tho world and It will have the tho traffic of millions It Itou ou ought ht to pay almost IS as well as the famous Panama road across the Isthmus isthmus mus in the car early days or of the Califor Californian nian sold gold discoveries CONNECTIONS Thin The railway from to Nan king Is fast ast approaching the tho river and the tho cars will bo be running to I that stream b by the of the tho year ear Its northern section will be built b by German engineers and the tho Germans are supplying tho mone money Their part or of that road Is mlles miles long It goes from to the southern boundary bound bounda a ary ot of Shantung the province which the they claim as their sphere of Influence The southern section ot of miles will extend from rom Shantung to the tho little town of oC opposite on the tho other side of the It will be built b by the tho British who claim the valley alley as the chief field flold far COI their theil Investments This railway bo be COO miles long aid amI every bIt ot of It through a richly populated territory Its ordinary pas passenger enger traffic will be further urther added to by thousands ot of pilgrIms who will use ue It to visit the grave ot of Confucius neat neal which It runs The roa road passes passe through the tho great states or of Chill Shantung and It will be tho shortest lino between Shanghai and the road and will form orm the direct line lIno to It Is hoped that it will bo be open to tlc fIc b by lOll 1911 SHANGHAIS DIG BIG RAILROADS Another Important railway center which boom under the tho new condi conditions conditions Is this thle cIty or of Shanghai It Is already |