Show iI I f IL I 1 1 M 1 a ke king T ext B l 00 k s f 1 Y or o r t L h 9 e Che d 1 it Inese s sir M I HOW OR THE l NATION Gs IS CA RE I 1 Correspondence December SHA of the problems which China Chinn is I facing is the slaking of text textbooks books bools A public school s Is being established all over owr the thc empire Academes colleges antI and universities re ren n organized books are needed for tor teaching the new learning e the s system stem is it In full swa sway millions of 01 volumes will bo be required and at pros pres ont there Is practically nothing on hand hantI The old oltI text books book the earth rth n as slat Hal with China covering the roost most of o Its surface and the other coun countries tries tiles skirting skirling the tho edges The chief studies of the past Jast were the reading and writing Chinese and nd the ting ling to memory the of Con Confucius Confucius and us Today rodn the nation wants ono one scheme of modern education The government has resolved that It It shall h have lc It and a compulsory system of schooling Is to be generally established Suppose tomorrow our president and Congress should enact laws wiping out our public schools re replacing replacing placing them therm with others vitally dif different different ferent with an entire now list of books That Is the th situation In China toda today nOOKS BOOKS FOR FOUR DRED UL LIONS China moreover has four tines times as many people as the tho United States Its children o of school age are arc more than one hundred millions and In the new scheme the grownups 3 as w Sven as the tho batles are anxious to learn earn There Thero arc kindergarten and primary departments for the little ones there thero are night schools for civil officials military drools fa for I the arm army and nd law schools school for statesmen All AJI these are aro around und under r wa way and there are aro no books to feed them The situation Is ono o of the tho strangest In history It has no counter counterpart counterpart part In ht the tho past and will probably have hac hacI I none In the future In the meantime books are aro being Im Imported imported ported train from a half a do dozen n different countries The Tho gr great t school book pub publishing publishing lishing houses of Great Britain the tho United States and Japan J pan are oro studying l the Held neld and are arc shipping In of text books or of ono one kind and an another another other The of London and Ne Now York have published some the tho Book company and Ginn of the United States others and as for forthe the tho Japanese the they are pirating the thet school books of other nations and send sending t Ing them hero by th the ton Up to the present time most bf o the tho modern text books In n use have been beena t a made b by the missionaries One of the largest presses o of the tho far east l that of the tho Presbyterian mission at Shanghai i another of considerable size belongs to toi i the Methodists and there are arc a few fow of other denominations The anI only large arge secular publishing house which has yet et been organIzed to take of oC new conditions Is the Commercial Press of this city It was established a little more than 10 years Mrs ago with a capital of In sliver silver It has since grown until It now has a plant covering acres and humming with modern machinery I went out to see soo this establishment last week It lies within two mlles miles or orso tiO so of Shanghai proper on the other side o of creek On my wa way to lit I drove past paIt a mile or so of fine fino foreign residences with wide porticos and galleries about them by man many stores occupied b by Chinese b by schools school and colleges s run by the tho missionaries and on out Into the country I was ae c companied b one o of the tho managers and with him wont went through the vari various ri rious ous branches of o the establishment The Commercial Press Is making everything from kindergarten lesson books to dictionaries r I geographies and books of minIng en cn It has a largo large lithographing plant where a dozen presses are arc turn turning t ing out school bool books In colors In ono one room the they wore were printing n a calendar for forthe forthe the coming year using 12 different cot col colaIS ors aIS and In another making cards of many colors depIcting plants and ant 1 mal for teaching the tho Chinese babies I of the printing was done from 1 stones but there thero were also large larget t I etching and halftone plants with com photographic appliances In on one well lighted department I found a dozen Japanese artists working away awa and In Ini i another was shown machines for or i I InS drawings to another scale Some So I o of the engravers were wele cutting out cop copI copper per pcr plates for now national currency I and others were etching out plates for or II school book I spent some sometime r time watching them printing bani i I motes notes The Tre lithographic stones wera 11 Placed lace l on th the presses and the various arlous colors applied In succession giving su suf time between the different im imI impressions I for the tho Ink to dry dr Where many colors were wele the tho sheets heets Iman Were passed on from rom press to pres a aI I separate stone stano being used for each I color ThIs w was s to avoid wasting time In changing Ink one set of o presses being be bein in ing equipped with rod red another with green and others othorn with blue yellow or black CHINAS NEW ALPHABET Our alphabet has only 26 letters elters and the characters used b by our printers are I comparatively few The classic Chi Chinese I characters nese nes has man many thousand antI and In the simplest of the schoolbooks school schoolbooks books several thousand are used In Ithe Chinese now nosy In use every character language Is I expresses a word wOld the that Is It Is written in I words rather than letter and syllables A Chinese alphabet Is nOW heln being form formed ed cd and a new system of writing In au At present alt all penmanship is with a af abrush brush and In India la ink the tho brush being f About 2000 held almost perpendicular I years ears ago aSo the people had hod a penman penmanship penmanship this ship based upon curved lines teas wa difficult to pro produce uce by the tho brush Metal practically practical abolished and It was pens and fluid Inks will noW be brought r Ill in and the tho old curves will wll como come Into 1 use This will w practically kill the tho and India ink business and anda a great industry wilt wll go to the tho wall wail I The new alphabet Is to have 50 let letters of different system With It a printing and writing wll comet come Into being and the tho probability Is that tho o the tho adapted to typewriter will be so i new system t tI that It will como come Into use U e eIN I IN L THE CASTING ROO ROOM At present eer every character employed ed edIn Its In the tho printing house has to have own matrix and be cast separately and the characters arc so delicate that the they must be new In order to do good work I visited six In the composing room different sizes of typo were employed ed and of these thee more than characters This kept on hand of each style are aro dlf of necessitates tile he making each of w must have havo Its own matrIx or die In the shape shapo o of a brass type from rom a Quarter Inch to a half Inch SU square re and an long IonS This die diu Is lilted Into n a casting bo box and b by turning tL a crank the types rate of 20 or 50 30 are turned out at the thc such ma mal of so a minute A or 01 r went I l chinos were bus busy at the time through the stereotyping department noise and their clicking made ns as much shelters sheller In an ad adJoining adJoining at as so man many corn Joining room I was shown the matrices Tine The ot of the books already pUblished the tho which walled tilled Oiled the tho shelves from floor Hoor to sides of a 11 large room ceiling Another room was nB devoted to storing electrotype plates every thin hung being catalogued and as s system systematically arranged as In ono o of our mod rn printing at home In tiro tho composing room cacti ench printer with alcove walled stood In a little cases b 11 u n y A to toI I i 1 I run nett fetch foteh II the JO types Om join other parts Of tl the Ie room WITH TilE BINDERY GIRLS I I next went I into no t tl the 10 binding depart departIng ment tend and spent rs c n some om t time me there watch Ing tho gl girls There were ere hundreds of oC them item dressed I in long n blue coats and lt w trousers with b bands or of blacic silk oter oc their oily bla black c I halt a I They sat at tables with I th their lilt deformed et j Just t us touching the TI They le leIt so busily that I upon It whereupon n the manager who acted as our rUI guide said We pa pay ih them nb by piecework an anI and the they h havo o no tI time me to waste I asked d ns as td their wages The man manOh replied Oh they are om m making I much mone money for s Porno o of the b best st earn j 7 Mexican per week c or a about ou tarn 3 0 In gold The average workman Is paid about 10 These hi girls were stitching and sow sew In hu folding ng nail pasting and also feed I Ing the Jt presses esses Their hours were n about ut twelve per day dJ The he department contaIned J modern ern machinery mud the work worl of binding J n ng was economically cally done T THE IE CELESTIAL BOOK PIRATES China hay hn J no copyright law I found the tho Commercial Press stealing everything that its managers think of value for or tho new Chinese schools No o matter what the tho copyrights are arc foreign authors must be content content with the 10 hope that their books bools mo may do good even een though the they do not not add to their financial receipts As I look ook looked ed cd over the tho volumes printed by bv this company for the new education i I found many well known American text textbook textbooks books book which have been translated into Chinese I sow saw also stacks of m my own Geographical Readers published on cheap paper with abominable lions I was told the whole serIes had been prepared for the press and that my books booles on North America and Europe were already In use The rho mat matter matter ter has been translated by the tho Eng En scholars and as far ml as possible verbatim but how correctly only those who can rend read the Chinese characters s can know As I looked at m my books bools the manager mana manager ger of the company compan said sahI tho they sold well and that ho he expected to get Iet a good revenue from Asia whIch was then In the press He ex cx explain plain apologetically thAt the they had been forced to change chane some Rome of the tho literary matter mattor In the chapters on China as their people did not like to tobe tobe be told that the they had buttonhole eyes heads and deformed feet He made matIo no bones about taking my books without pay and even offered to tomake make malO a ro royalty contract with mo It if ItI I would write him n a new reader or orso so especially adapted to the tho market I replied that I was very ery buS busy and tie he thereupon suggested that the book boole could ho bo written for tor me In their office and that I could revise It But In that case they would ouM expect to pay a much less ro royalty I toot told him such a propos less lion out of tho question but notwithstanding thIs lie he brought it up again and again and urged It upon me at a Chinese din dinner dinner ner which lie he gave Jae me that night Among AmonI the other books In the tho ware warehouse warehouse house I saw nw plies piles of dictionaries They wore were In two vOlumes ordinary table Web Webster Teb Tebster each as big as an ster The They are aro practically n a translation of the Standard Dictionary s Is Isso so largely largel used In the United S Slates They The were edited 11 by Dr Tan Yan who has been connected with our legation In Washington ton The two volumes are arc widely they sell s tor about six dollars In Sold gold Pocket dictionaries are ah o printed and a law is noW In press ThIs will w the tho law la school which he sent out to w are noW heln being established s at all the provincial capitals SCHOOL SUPPLIES After Afler vIsiting the edItors I was taken to another large building which con contains contains a curious branch o of this publish publishIng i Ing house It Is devoted to school supplies and makes everything from desks to blowpipes for the chemical laboratories It manufactures pen pendulums pendulums clubs and dumb dumbbells dumbbells bells The dumbbells are aro cast from rom pIg Iron the they are arc made In great quan titles and It Is intended they shall be used In all pUblic schools school Every room of this schoolbook fac factory factory tory Is lighted b by electricity and all allare allare are connected h by a telephone system The machinery Is and on the tho It shows ono one something ot of what Is going on In the now new China MISSION SCHOOL BOOKS of the tho At present a large proportion new text books bools are printed upon the tho mission presses The missionaries hove have been at work In China for a century and they thoy have hac established schools In all parts of the country countr They were the tho authors of the new text books and as teachers their graduates are aro aronoW arenow noW in demand The Tho AmerIcan Pres Presbyterian mission press at Shanghai has been pouring out volumes for a num number her ber o of years ears at the tho rate or of pages per annum and tho consolidated mission press of the tho American Method Methodists has also published numerous educational edu educational works The American Bible society distributes between a half mil million million lion and a million volumes of the Scrip Scriptures tures In Chinese each year and there mission educational as Is now a supported b by all the Protestant I sects which Is preparIng new text At of th this I booles for or the schools some I missionary stations they are making school museums Including such things as stuffed birds and animals mounted fishes electrical machines globes anI and model railways They haVe printed charts or of the Chinese provinces with the principal Industries and resources marked upon them and have inaugurated ur new methods or of teaching the peo people 0 pie Indeed th the worl which the ml have done cannot be over oer overestimated estimated and the situation here Just noW Is such that mone money spent upon missions will return a A CARNEGIE OF CHINA In this connection a bright woman clerk of oC the mission hook book store of Shanghai said laid to one me today todo What China hina needs more than any anything thing else to In n a system of circulating li 11 which shall contain the tho simpler books of oC our modern literature In including thin Scriptures concordances and the tho western classics These people are aro pining for the new learning but they are am unspeakably poor and cannot afford to bu buy books bools The Tho Chinese wom women women en want them In eo every I community where clubs are arc already the women come together weekly o 01 dall dally to gossip and talk I If the they could have such books the they would be read aloud at meetings and n Arent educational movement might thus be instituted d As to the Chinese trans la a o 7 0 n o t to D o 4 r A i o JH f I Io p pO I o 0 O o 0 ne i IN A MANDARIN LAW SCHOOL Photographed for tor Tho Deseret News by Frank G cr Carpenter lions they 11 are ch cheap aJ Th The concordance of the lIw Scriptures costs les less than 20 u cents gold and there are few books of oC an any kind that s sell 1 os as high us a dot dol Inn I I cite this conversation nil as a sug suggestion for some om rich American would to be known Imon liS as the tho Carnegie Carne glo gie or of China NEW CHINESE LITERATURE The rho Inauguration or of the th ne school system and the new civilization Is bringing In translations of the most mast popular UI b bI I of |